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"Abstract. Fathonah D, Sugiyarto. 2009. Effect of IAA and GA3 toward the growing and saponin content of purwaceng (Pimpinella alpina). Nusantara Bioscience 1: 17-22. The aims of this research are to examine (i) the effect of IAA and GA3 in different concentrations to the growth of the plants and (ii) the saponin contained inside the P. alpina, leaves. The research was done in Sikunang Village, Kejajar Subdistrict, Wonosobo District, Central Java from July to November 2007. The experiment methods were used the Completely Random Design with two factors were used to analyze this experiment. First treatment gives IAA and GA3, second was done by giving different IAA and GA3 concentration. These experiments were repeated three times. Variables measured in this research were the growth of plant which is consisted of the number of leaves, their height, width, wet weight as well as dry weight. The chemical compound of the secondary metabolite in the form of leave saponin was employed. The result was analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), then continued to Duncan Multiple Range Test in 5% level to analyze the real difference between those treatments. The result showed that giving IAA and GA3 differently affect the growth P. alpina. In variable of the height, the optimal wet weight and dry weight of the plant in GA3 treatment was 50 ppm; optimum number of leaves in GA3 treatment was 50 ppm where as the leave width in IAA treatment was 200 ppm and GA3 treatment was 75 ppm and optimum saponin treatment was IAA 200 ppm and GA3 25 ppm."

"Teripang telah diketahui banyak memiliki manfaat biologis, seperti antikanker, antifungal, antivirus, dan antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan mendeteksi keberadaan senyawa saponin pada ekstrak kasar Holothuria atra (Echinodermata) dan fraksi-fraksinya. Senyawa radikal bebas DPPH digunakan untuk pengujian aktivitas antioksidan sedangkan uji busa digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan senyawa saponin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar H. atra mengandung saponin dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih rendah dari pembandingnya, Acanthaster sp. (Echinodermata) dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 739,194 μg/ml dan 102,946 μg/ml. Fraksi n-heksan, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi air memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kurang kuat dengan nilai IC50 secara berurutan 511,35 μg/ml, 373,776 μg/ml, dan 491,8 μg/ml. Uji saponin terdeteksi positif pada semua fraksi kecuali fraksi etil asetat.

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Sea cucumber had been known for having many biological uses, such as anticancer, antifungal, antivirus, and antioxidant. This study was conducted to test the antioxidant activity and to detect the presence of saponin compounds in Holorhuria atra (Echinodermata) crude extract and its fractions. Free radical compound, DPPH, was used to test the antioxidant activity and foam test was used to detect the presence of saponin compounds. The result showed that crude extract of H. atra contains saponins and has weaker antioxidant activity than Acanthaster sp. (echinoderm). The IC50 values are 739,194 μg/ml and 102,946 μg/ml, respectively. N-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction have weak antioxidant activities with IC50 values 511,35 μg/ml, 373,776 μg/ml, and 491,8 μg/ml, respectively. Saponin test showed that all of the crude extract fractions showed positive results, except in ethyl acetate fraction."

"Low survival rate is one constrain in giant prawn hatchery. The constrain in giant prawn hatchery. The constrain might be solved by salinity regulation..."

"ABSTRAKAspergillus flavus UICC 360 koleksi Universitas Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC) telah diteliti dan diuji mampu menghasilkan lovastatin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi amonium sulfat (0 mM, 15,15 mM, 18,94 mM, 22,73 mM, 26,52 mM, dan 30,30 mM) sebagai sumber nitrogen terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 menghasilkan lovastatin. Fermentasi menggunakan 1,96% (v/v) inokulum sel kapang selama 7 hari pada medium Czapek?s Dox Broth modifikasi dalam suhu ruang (27--30oC) dengan pengocokan 90 rpm. Ekstrak dalam etil asetat diuji terhadap Candida albicans UICC Y-29 dengan metode difusi agar cara cakram. Ekstrak hasil fermentasi dari perlakuan 22,73 mM amonium sulfat memiliki kemampuan tertinggi menghambat Candida albicans UICC Y-29 dengan indeks penghambatan rata-rata 0,94 ± 0,06. Hasil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak hasil fermentasi perlakuan amonium sulfat 15,15 mM memiliki nilai Rf sama dengan lovastatin standar sebesar 0,48. Ekstrak hasil fermentasi perlakuan amonium sulfat 18,94 mM, 22,73 mM, 26,52 mM, dan 30,30 mM memiliki nilai Rf hampir sama dengan nilai Rf lovastatin standar. Hasil KLT tersebut dapat mengindikasikan ekstrak mengandung lovastatin. Uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) (P<0,05) menunjukkan ada perbedaan nyata variasi konsentrasi amonium sulfat terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 menghasilkan lovastatin. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh variasi konsentrasi amonium sulfat terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 dalam menghasilkan lovastatin.

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ABSTRACTThe ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin had been shown in previous study. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of variation in ammonium sulphate concentration at 0 mM, 15.15 mM, 18.94 mM, 22.73 mM, 26.52 mM, and 30.30 mM toward the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 in producing lovastatin. Fermentation was carried out by using 1.96% (v/v) of inoculum in modified Czapek?s Dox Broth for seven days at room temperature (27--30oC) with 90 rpm agitation. The extract in ethyl acetate was tested by disk diffusion method against Candida albicans UICC Y-29. The extract from fermentation of 22.73 mM ammonium sulphate showed the highest inhibition index of 0.94 ± 0.06. The result of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed that extract from fermentation of 15.15 mM ammonium sulphate had similar Rf value with lovastatin standard. Meanwhile, extract from fermentation of 18.94 mM, 22.73 mM, 26.52 mM, and 30.30 mM ammonium sulphate had nearly similar Rf value with lovastatin standard. The TLC result indicated that the extract contained lovastatin. Least Significant Difference test (LSD) (P<0.05) showed there was significant difference of variation in ammonium sulphate concentration toward the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. The result of this study showed that the variation in ammonium sulphate concentration affect the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 in producing lovastatin."

"Penelitian limbah organik berbahan dasar kompos sebagai medium pertumbuhan Nannochloropsis sp. telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak kompos yang tepat dengan mengukur laju pertumbuhan dan kadar lipid Nannochloropsis sp. Sediaan ekstrak kompos dibuat dalam konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 25%, dan 50% (v/v) dari volume ekstraksi kompos 100 g/L. Penelitian dilakukan selama 240 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Nannochloropsis sp. yang dikultur pada medium ekstrak kompos 25% memiliki pertumbuhan paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak kompos lainnya. Kerapatan sel maksimum pada perlakuan ekstrak kompos 25% mencapai 22,04±10,65 x 106 sel/mL pada jam ke-240 pada laju pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum μ= 0,075 per jam. Kadar dan produktivitas lipid yang diperoleh sebesar 18,31±11,96 % (w/w) dan 0,0172±0,0005 g/L/hari. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kompos 25% dapat dijadikan sebagai medium pertumbuhan Nannochloropsis sp.

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Research of the compost on the medium on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. was performed. The research objective was to determine the influence of the medium on the growth and lipid content of Nannochloropsis sp. Compost extracts preparations were made in the concentration of 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% (v/v) of the volume extraction of 100 g/L. Experiment was conducted for 240 hours.

The results showed that Nannochloropsis sp. were cultured in medium 25% compost extract had the highest growth compared to other compost extract concentration. The maximum cell density at 25% compost extract treatment reached 22.04±10.65 x 106 sel/mL at 240 hours with a maximum specific growth rate μ = 0.075 /hours Meanwhile, lipid content and productivity were obtained by 18.31±11.96 % (w/w) and 0.0172±0.0005 g/L/day. These results indicate the compost can be used as a medium for the growth of Nannochloropsis sp."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inokulasi kombinasi dua strain Nostoc terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman padi varietas Ciherang. Strain Nostoc yang digunakan yaitu CPG24 dan GIA13a yang dibuat dengan perbandingan 1:1; 1:2; dan 2;1. Pemeliharaan padi dilakukan dengan sistem SRI modifikasi sampai 112 hari setelah tanam. Parameter pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman yang diukur mencakup fase vegetatif dan generatif tanaman padi. Dilakukan juga pengukuran kandungan unsur hara tanah dan parameter lingkungan.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemupukan kombinasi Nostoc, secara umum memberi pengaruh yang bervariasi terhadap parameter vegetatif dan generatif tanaman padi varietas Ciherang. Pemupukan strain Nostoc tunggal CPG24 berpengaruh cukup signifikan dalam meningkatkan berat kering tanaman padi sampai 138%. Pemupukan strain Nostoc tunggal GIA13a berpengaruh cukup signifikan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan akar 147%, berat kering buah isi sampai 186%, dan rasio jumlah buah isi terhadap total jumlah buah sebesar 69,40%.

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The purpose of this experiment is to study the combination effect of inoculation of two Nostoc strains to the vegetative and generative growth of Ciherang paddy. Two Nostoc strains, CPG24 and GIA13a were used. Fertilizing treatments were designed with comparison 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. Paddy plant were prepared using SRI modification method until 112 days old after planted. Biological parameters are including vegetative and generative growth of paddy. Also soil nutrients content and environment parameter have been analized.

The results show that combination fertilizing of two Nostoc strain CPG24 and GIA13a give variative effect to vegetative and generative growth parameter of Ciherang paddy. Single Nostoc CPG24 fertilizing give significat effect to increase dry weight of Ciherang paddy until 183%. Single Nostoc GIA13a fertilizing give significant effect to increase root growth until 147%, dry weight of grain until 186%, and filled/total grain ratio until 69,40%."

"ABSTRAKPreservasi koleksi kultur Nostoc dilakukan mengingat Nostoc merupakan salah satu mikroalga tanah yang penting dan berguna. Metode preservasi yang umum digunakan untuk Nostoc adalah dengan subkultur berkala dan freezing. Delapan strain Nostoc yang digunakan dalam preservasi dengan metode freezing pada suhu (-80oC) adalah CPG8, CPG24, BAD5, GIA13a, GIA12-03, TAB7d, BTM6-01 dan TAK23. Penambahan protektan intraseluler DMSO 5% dilakukan untuk mengurangi efek dari proses freezing (cold stress) pada Nostoc. Sebagai pembanding, delapan strain tersebut juga dipreservasi tanpa menggunakan protektan (kontrol negatif) dalam medium BG 11 bebas unsur nitrogen, kemudian dipreservasi dalam deep freezer (-80oC) selama 7 hari (H7) dan 90 hari (H90). Hasil menunjukkan terdapat variasi respon tumbuh strain-strain Nostoc setelah dipreservasi. Strain yang dipreservasi menggunakan protektan DMSO 5% menunjukkan selisih diameter koloni yang lebih besar, kerusakan filamen lebih sedikit dan kadar klorofil lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol negatif.

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ABSTRACTPreservation of culture collections Nostoc done considering that Nostoc is one of microalgae soil that important and useful. Preservation methods commonly used for Nostoc is with periodic subculture, but that methods have short comings vulnerable to loss of genetic stability. Beside that, freezing method is commonly used for Nostoc preservation. Eight Nostoc strains used in preservation by freezing method at temperature -80oC are CPG8, CPG24, BAD5, GIA13a, GIA12- 03, TAB7d, BTM6-01 and TAK23. The addition of the intracellular protectant DMSO 5 % was done to decrease the effects of freezing (cold stress) in Nostoc. For comparison, eight strains were also preserved without using protectant (negative control) in BG 11 nitrogen free medium, then preserved in a deep freezer (-80oC) for 7 days (H7) and 90 days (H90). Results showed variation in response to growing strains Nostoc after preservation. Strains were preserved using DMSO 5% protectant showed difference of colony diameter, filament has less damage and has higher clorophyl value compared with negative control."

"Plants use resources, i.e. carbon, nutrients, water and energy, either for growth or to defend themselves from biotic and abiotic stresses. This volume provides a timely understanding of resource allocation and its regulation in plants, linking the molecular with biochemical and physiological-level processes. Ecological scenarios covered include competitors, pathogens, herbivores, mycorrhizae, soil microorganisms, carbon dioxide/ozone regimes, nitrogen and light availabilities. The validity of the “Growth-differentiation balance hypothesis” is examined and novel theoretical concepts and approaches to modelling plant resource allocation are discussed. "

"Pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut adalah investasi dibidang ICT. Peningkatan perekonomian di Amerika adalah salah satu contoh yang dapat diambil sebagai akibat adanya investasi disektor ICT. Investasi ICT dapat membuka bidang usaha baru bagi perusahaan maupun industri yang menggunakan ICT sebagai alat usahanya. Selain membuka bidang baru, ICT juga dapat digunakan untuk optimisasi pekerjaan. ICT dapat digunakan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan, melakukan hal-hal yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh manusia secara langsung, dll. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji sampai sejauh manakah dampak investasi ICT di Indonesia terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilihat, faktor-faktor ICT mana sajakah yang memiliki korelasi tinggi dengan sektor perekonomian dan akan dicoba ditarik kesimpulan mengenai tanggapan positif dan negatif yang selalu menyertai investasi di sektor ICT.Hasil yang diperoleh adalah investasi ICT mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia terutama disektor investasi telekomunikasi dan services piranti lunak. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa dampak investasi ICT tidak signifikan mempengaruhi perekonomian. Penyebabnya adalah data sekunder yang digunakan belum mencakup keseluruhan investasi ICT di Indonesia.

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Economic growth in one country can be affected by many factors. One factor that can affect the economic growth is ICT Investment. The growth of economic in United States is one of the good examples as the result of the ICT investment. ICT investment can open a new work field for companies or even industries that use ICT as their production tools. ICT can also be used as an optimation tools for work. ICT can be used as a tool to simplify a job especially the job that can?t be done by human.

This research is to study the impact of ICT investment contributed to economic growth in Indonesia. In this research we will explore which ICT Investment factor that have high corellation with economic sector in Indonesia.

The result of this study shows that ICT investment affect Indonesia?s Economic Growth especially at telecommunication investments and software services. This research also concluded that ICT investment impact is not significant compare to economic growth. This may cause by the secondary data that used in this study were not complete."

"Angka NEET di Indonesia tertinggi diantara negara ASEAN lainnya dan mengalami kenaikan pada Tahun 2022, bertepatan dengan tahun pertama manfaat JKP dapat diklaim. Penelitian bertujuan ini untuk melihat dan menganalisis Pengaruh JKP terhadap Persentase NEET di Indonesia. Data pada penelitian ini adalah Sakernas Agustus 2022 dan data Podes 2021 berupa data cross-section, menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Analisis pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial berupa analisis regresi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan 1% jumlah pemuda penerima JKP di kabupaten/kota menurunkan persentase NEET pada pemuda sebesar 0,62% di Tahun 2022. Variabel kontrol yang digunakan adalah produk domestik regional bruto, persentase penduduk miskin, persentase pemuda berusia 15-24 tahun yang berpendidikan tinggi terhadap jumlah pemuda berusia 15-24 tahun, persentase jumlah pemuda perempuan berusia 15-24 tahun kawin terhadap jumlah pemuda berusia 15-24 tahun, tingkat pengangguran, rata-rata desa yang ada sinyal 4G/LTE di kabupaten/kota, jumlah SMA di Kab/Kota persentase pemuda yang bekerja di sektor informal serja wilayah Jawa dan luar Jawa. Saran untuk pemerintah adalah meningkatkan kepesertaan JKP pemuda berusia 15-24 tahun. Meninjau kembali persyaratan, prosedur klaim dan kewajiban penerima manfaat JKP, untuk memitigasi risiko moral hazard.

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The NEET rate in Indonesia is the highest among other ASEAN countries and has increased in 2022, coinciding with the first year JKP benefits can be claimed. The purpose of this study is to see and analyze the effect of JKP on the percentage of NEET in Indonesia. Using August 2022 sakernas data and 2021 podes data in the form of cross-section data, this study was conducted using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis and inferential analysis in the form of regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that a 1% increase in the number of youth JKP recipients in the district/city reduces the percentage of NEET youth by 0.62% in 2022. The control variables used are gross regional domestic product, percentage of poor population, percentage of youth aged 15-24 years with higher education to the total number of youth aged 15-24 years, percentage of female youth aged 15-24 years married to the total number of youth aged 15-24 years, unemployment rate, average village that has a 4G/LTE signal in the district/city, number of high schools in the district/city, percentage of youth in the informal sector and regional classification of Java and outside Java. Suggestions for the government are to increase JKP participation among youth aged 15-24 years. Review the requirements, claim procedures and obligations of JKP beneficiaries, to mitigate the risk of moral hazard."