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"Patient with severe condition which single conventional orthodontic treatment cannot be carried out, it must be considered to undergo combination treatment between orthodontic and orthognathic surgery, so that patient's complaint about aesthetic, mastication and speech function can receive better correction. The aim of performing the orthodontic treatment before orthognathic surgery is to place teeth position ideally to the bone base before correcting the abnormality of its sceletal bone. After the orthognathic surgery there is still the orthodontic treatment to be done which has the aim to achieve good teeth occlusion, inclination and angulation. if possible comparable to the conditions described by Andrew in Six Keys of Normal Occlusion."

"In adult patients if the jaw discrepancy is too great to compensate for, and camouflage by tooth movement alone, surgery is the only way to obtain a resonable result. Before surgery, the orthodontist must establish not only anteropostrior and transverse position, but also the vertical position of the teeth. Inadequate orthodontic preparation can jeopardize the quality of the surgical result. Occlusion is important but satisfactory facial esthetic must accompany it. A good team work between orthodontist and oral surgeon is the key of succes of the treatment, which will be shown in case reports of 3 patients."

"Le Fort I osteotomy is the surgery in the maksila similar to the live fracture of the Fort I. In the orthognathic surgery, Le Fort I osteotomy is the best choice for the correction of vertical dimension and relatively easy and middle and sufficient to reposisi and maksila. For the open bite case anteriory and postering in the patient could be performed. Le Fort I osteotomy in the posterior and repositioned part of maksila toward posuride so it could be occluded, functional and restored in the intended aesthetic."

"Latar Belakang: Bedah ortognatik metode konvensional merupakan proses padat karya dengan jumlah kesalahan yang dapat terakumulasi selama proses diagnostik dan perencanaan. Selain itu, terdapat juga keterbatasan untuk merepresentasikan secara sempurna deformitas maksilomandibular dan dentofasial tertentu yang terlalu kompleks. Implan spesifik pasien (PSI) yang dibuat menggunakan teknologi pencetakan tiga dimensi telah muncul sebagai langkah selanjutnya dalam kemajuan teknologi dalam bedah ortognatik. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui stabilitas dan akurasi perawatan menggunakan implan spesifik pasien dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional. Metode: Tinjauan sistematis (PROSPERO CRD42024565399) dengan pencarian literatur pada online database yaitu PubMED, ProQuest, SpringerLink, EBSCO, dan Scopus. Studi yang diidentifikasi kemudian melalui tahapan skrining, penilaian eligibilitas, dan inklusi menggunakan kerangka Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Hasil: Sebanyak 17 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dilakukan systematic review. Mayoritas studi mengatakan bahwa metode PSI memiliki stabilitas dan akurasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan metode konvensional. Kesimpulan: Bedah ortognatik dengan penggunaan implan spesifik pasien (PSI) memberikan stabilitas dan akurasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional.

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Background: Orthognathic surgery using conventional method is a labor-intensive process with a number of errors that can accumulate during the diagnostic and planning process. In addition, there are also limitations to perfectly represent certain maxillomandibular and dentofacial deformities that are too complex. Patient-specific implants (PSI) created using three-dimensional printing technology have emerged as the next step in technological advancement in orthognathic surgery. Objective: To determine the stability and accuracy of treatment using patient-specific implants compared to conventional methods. Methods: Systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42024565399) with literature searches in online databases namely PubMED, ProQuest, SpringerLink, EBSCO, and Scopus. The identified studies then went through screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion stages using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Results: A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria for systematic review. The majority of studies say that the PSI method has better stability and accuracy than conventional methods. Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery with the use of patient-specific implants (PSI) provides higher stability and accuracy compared to conventional methods.

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"Latar belakang: Evaluasi asimetri dentokraniofasial merupakan hal yang penting dalam perawatan ortodonti dan bedah ortognati. Evaluasi ini berfungsi dalam diagnosis, rencana perawatan, dan evaluasi hasil perawatan. Penggunaan perhitungan indeks asimetri Katsumata secara tiiga dimensi menjadi hal yang marak digunakan dalam penilaian asimetri dentokraniofasial. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan dalam membandingkan hasil diagnosis kesimetrisan dentokaniofasial yang didapatkan dari perhitungan indeks asimetri Katsumata secara tiga dimensi pada CBCT dan analisis komparasi linier dua dimensi Grummon pada sefalogram posteroanterior yang direkonstruksi dari hasil CBCT. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang pada lima belas CBCT . Sefalogram posteroanterior pada penelitian ini direkonstruksi dari hasil CBCT yang sama. Perhitungan indeks asimetri pada lima belas titik kraniometri dilakukan pada hasil CBCT dan dilakukan pengambilan diagnosis pada masing-masing parameter sesuai dengan tabel Katsumata. Perbandingan linear dua dimensi dilakukan pada lima belas titik yang sama pada sefalogram posteroanterior. Diagnosis ditegakan sesuai standar Grummon. Uji Kohen Kappa dilakukan untuk melihar reliabilitas intereksaminer dan uji McNemar untuk melihar reliabilitas intraeksaminer. Uji Fisher dilakukan untuk melihat beda diagnosis dan Uji Kohen Kappa dilakukan untuk melihat kuat kesepakatan diagnosis. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan diagnosis antara kedua metode pada lima belas parameter yang diukur. Tingkat kesepakatan beragam pada lima belas parameter. Kesimpulan : Penelitian ini menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan diagnosis kesimetrisan dentokraniofasial pada metode dua dan tiga dimensi sehingga diharapkan ortodontis dapat menggunakan analisis tiga dimensi secara langsung pada hasil CBCT.

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The evaluation of dentoskeletal asymmetry is essential in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, as it aids in diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring treatment outcomes. The asymmetry index developed by Katsumata is widely used in assessing craniofacial asymmetry. This study focuses on the comparative diagnosis between Katsumata asymmetry index in three-dimensional (3D) CBCT evaluations and conventional two-dimensional (2D) analysis comparing linear parameters on 2D reconstructed posteroanterior cephalogram. This research is aimed to widely share information and discuss further about utilization latest  three dimensinonal method especially measurement of asymmetry index by Katsumata for diagnosing dentocraniofacial asymmetry using cone beam computed tomography. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 15 CBCT data imaging. Posteroanterior cephalograms were reconstructed CBCT data imaging. Asymmetry index of fifteen anatomical parameter was measured on CBCT data imaging. Diagnosis was risen according to table of Katsumata.  Comparison of linear measurement on 2D reconstructed posteroanterior cephalogram was done on fifteen parameters. Diagnosis was risen accoding to the standard of Grummon analysis. Kappa Kohens were used to asses interexaminer reliabilities and Mc Nemar tests were used to asses intraexaminer reliabilities. The data was tested using Fisher’s exact test. Results showed no significant differences between diagnosis achieved by comparison in two-dimensional analysis (2D) and Katsumata’s asymmetry index in three-dimensional(3D) analysis. Kappa Kohen analysis was performed to every parameter for analyzing strength agreement in diagnosis between both methods. Better agreements are showed in maxillary parameter than mandible parameter. Newer method to evaluate dentoskeletal asymmetry using measurement asymmetry index in three-dimensional(3D) analysis CBCT is considered to have same result in diagnosis with two dimensional Grummon’s analysis."