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"Achieving climate justice is increasingly recognized as one of the key problems associated with climate change, helping us to determine how good or bad the effects of climate change are, and whether any harms are fairly distributed. The numerous and complex issues which climate change involves underline the need for a normative framework that allows us both to assess the dangers that we face and to create a just distribution of the costs of action. This collection of original essays by leading scholars sheds new light on the key problems of climate justice, offering innovative treatments of a range of issues including international environmental institutions, geoengineering, carbon budgets, and the impact on future generations. It will be a valuable resource for researchers and upper-level students of ethics, environmental studies, and political philosophy."

"Climate change poses major socio-economic, technical and environmental challenges which will have serious impacts on countries' pathways towards sustainable development. As a result, climate change and sustainable development have increasingly become interlinked. A changing climate makes achieving Millennium Development Goals more difficult and expensive, so there is every reason to achieve development goals with low greenhouse gas emissions. This leads to the following five challenges discussed by Challenges and solutions for climate change : to place climate negotiations in the wider context of sustainability, equity and social change so that development benefits can be maximised at the same time as decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. To select technologies or measures for climate change mitigation andadaptation based on countries' sustainabledevelopment and climate goals. To create low greenhouse gas emission and climate resilient strategies and action plans in order to accelerate innovation for sustainable development and climate goals on the scale and timescale required within countries. To rationalize the current directions in international climate policy making in order to provide coherent and efficient support to developing countries in devising and implementing strategies and action plans for low emission technology transfers to deliver climate and sustainable development goals. To facilitate development of an international framework for financial resources in order to support technology development and transfer, improve enabling environments for innovation, address equity issues such as poor people's energy access, and make implementation of activities possible at the desired scale within the country. The solutions presented in Challenges and Solutions for Climate Change show how ambitious measures can be undertaken which are fully in line with domestic interests, both in developing and in developed countries, and how these measures can be supported through the international mechanisms. "

"From generation to generation over the centuries, people in all parts of the world have developed adaptive social-cultural institutions and strategies of natural resource management based on the intimate relationship they had with their environment. At present, recent global warming is threatening people’s lives. Unfortunately, climate change is a natural phenomenon which is neither easy to observe, nor to predict and anticipate accurately. In many places, local people can no longer rely on earlier experiences and existing socio-cultural institutions to adjust to unprecedented changes. We are in urgent need of specific efforts to re-interpret and enrich our knowledge of this natural phenomenon. However, this is not an easy thing to do. People from all kinds of levels and entities in society are simultaneously the cause and the victims of global warming. The problem becomes even more complicated because of various mutually-affecting dimensions like ethics, politics, power, economics, and justice. These are the ultimate challenges scholars of the social sciences and humanities need to address seriously everywhere in the world, including in Indonesia. This article addresses the arguments of what scholars in the social sciences and humanities could and should do in response to climate change. Promoting a new paradigm and ethics in dealing with climate change is urgent and improvements in approaches and research methodologies are necessary. Learning from experiences gained from the way farmers in Java respond to climate change, the author argues that interdisciplinary research across social and natural sciences, and collaborative work with target groups is a promising and significant step (although scholars will have to face many challenges and constraints)."

"]Dampak negatif perubahan iklim telah menimbulkan berbagai masalah bagiIndonesia yang sangat rentan terhadap perubahan global. Alasan utama perubahaniklim adalah kegiatan manusia sejak era industrialisasi yang meliputi penggunaanbahan bakar fosil, penebangan hutan dan pertanian. Emisi gas rumah kaca daripenggunaan bahan bakar fosil merupakan 70% dari total emisi karbondioksida,metan, dan dinitrooksida. Tulisan ini membahas perubahan iklim di Indonesia, halyang perlu dilakukan untuk menanggulanginya, serta peran Indonesia dalamkebijakan pembahan iklim global. Pembahasannya mencakup kelahanan energi, sertapenanggulangan dampak ekonomi dan lingkungan hidup."

"Dalam satu dekade terakhir, Kota Depok mengalami pertumbuhan yang signifikan. Lahan terbangun di perkotaan memiliki peran penting dalam memengaruhi kenaikan suhu global melalui apa yang dikenal sebagai efek pulau panas perkotaan atau Urban Heat Island effect. Efek UHI bukan hanya menjadi masalah kenyamanan lokal, tetapi juga memiliki dampak jangka panjang pada kenaikan suhu global. Suhu yang lebih tinggi di perkotaan dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan konsumsi energi untuk pendinginan, penurunan kualitas udara, dan dampak pada kesehatan manusia. Local Climate Zone (LCZ) adalah konsep yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan karakteristik morfologi permukaan di area urban dan peri-urban. Setiap LCZ memiliki karakteristik unik dalam hal geometri, bahan bangunan, dan vegetasi yang dapat mempengaruhi distribusi suhu dan dinamika iklim lokal. Hasilnya didapati bahwa morfologi Kota Depok didominasi oleh kelas open low rise (LCZ 6) merepresentasikan area pemukiman penduduk. Karakteristik suhu permukaan tanah Kota Depok secara umum berkisar antara 37,5°C – 54°C, pada tahun 2023 dengan suhu kelas bangunan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas tutupan lahan alami. Pola spasial fenomena UHI di Kota Depok secara umum lebih banyak terjadi di area pemukiman penduduk dengan karakteristik bangunan rendah (LCZ3).

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In the last decade, Depok City has experienced significant growth. Built-up land in cities has an important role in influencing global temperature rise through what is known as the urban heat island effect. The UHI effect is not only a local comfort issue but has a long-term impact on global temperature rise. Higher temperatures in cities can result in increased energy consumption for cooling, reduced air quality, and impacts on human health. Local Climate Zone (LCZ) is a concept that classifies surface morphological characteristics in urban and peri-urban areas. Each LCZ has unique geometry, building materials, and vegetation characteristics that can influence temperature distribution and local climate dynamics. The results found that the morphology of Depok City is dominated by the open low-rise class (LCZ 6) representing residential areas. The characteristics of the land surface temperature of Depok City generally range between 37.5°C – 54°C, in 2023 with the building class temperature being higher than the natural land cover class. The spatial pattern of the UHI phenomenon in Depok City generally occurs more often in residential areas with low-rise building characteristics (LCZ3)."

"ABSTRAKPerubahan iklim telah menyebabkan kerugian jiwa dan ekonomi akibat fenomena iklim ekstrem seperti banjir, kekeringan, perubahan karakteristik hujan dan kenaikan suhu di Indonesia. Informasi tentang proyeksi iklim yaitu curah hujan dan tren suhu sangat penting untuk melakukan adaptasi, mitigasi serta perencanaan operasional untuk berbagai sektor yang terkena dampak. Dalam studi ini, peneliti menggunakan data observasi dan data model iklim global. Data observasi harian berasal dari 70 stasiun meteorologi di Indonesia selama 20 tahun dari 1986 hingga 2005. Selanjutnya 29 data model iklim global GCM (Global Circulation Model) dari CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) historical dianalisis berdasarkan kesamaan pola spasial dan pola temporal dengan pola pengamatan stasiun meteorologi di Indonesia menggunakan korelasi. Model proyeksi perubahan iklim masa depan hingga tahun 2100 untuk variabel curah hujan dan suhu udara dikoreksi biasnya untuk skenario RCP 4.5 dan RCP 8.5 dari model terbaik yang didapatkan dari korelasi tertinggi. Proyeksi masa depan dibuat dalam index iklim ekstrem berdasarkan ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) menjadi index total curah hujan tahunan (Prcptot), hari kering berturut-turut (CDD), hari hujan berturut-turut (CWD), nilai suhu maksimum bulanan (TXx) dan nilai suhu minimum bulanan (TNn). Index iklim ekstrem berdasarkan ETCCDI proyeksi dibandingkan dengan periode historical (1981-2010) sehingga diperoleh seberapa besar persentase perubahan iklim ekstrim pada periode 2011-2040, 2041-2070 dan 2071-2100. Hasil proyeksi masa depan secara temporal dan spasial indek iklim ekstrim meliputi Prcptot, CWD, TXx dan TNn kecuali indek CDD relatif mengalami kenaikan terhadap periode historicalnya.

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ABSTRACTClimate change has caused life and economic losses due to extreme climate phenomena such as floods, droughts, changes in the characteristics of rain and rising temperatures in Indonesia. Information about climate projections, namely rainfall and temperature trends is very important for adaptation, mitigation and operational planning for the various sectors affected. In this study, researcher used observational data and global climate model data. Daily observational data obtained from 70 meteorological stations in Indonesia for 20 years from 1986 to 2005. Furthermore, 29 global model GCM (Global Circulation Model) from CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) historical were analyzed based on similarity of spatial patterns and temporal patterns with pattern of observation of meteorological stations in Indonesia using correlation. The projection model of future climate change until 2100 for rainfall variables and air temperature bias corrected for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios of the best models obtained from the highest correlation. Future projections are made in the extreme climate index based on ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) to be an index of total annual rainfall (Prcptot), consecutive dry days (CDD), consecutive wet days (CWD), maximum monthly temperature values (TXx) ​​and minimum monthly temperature values (TNn). Extreme climate index based on projection ETCCDI compared to historical period (1981-2010) so that the percentage of extreme climate change is obtained in the period 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100. The results of temporal and spatial predictions of extreme climate indices include Prcptot, CWD, TXx and TNN except that the CDD index has relatively increased over the historical period."

"Iklim dapat mempengaruhi siklus hidup, siklus perkembangbiakkan nyamuk, dan dapat berpengaruh terhadap jumlah jentik atau angka bebas jentik, jentik kemudian berkembang menjadi nyamuk dan menularkan virus Dengue kepada manusia. Kepadatan penduduk berhubungan dengan jarak terbang nyamuk yang hanya berkisar 50 meter, maka daerah dengan penduduk padat dapat mempercepat penularan virus Dengue. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor iklim (suhu udara, kelembaban, dan curah hujan), faktor ke padatan vektor (angka ABJ), dan kepadatan penduduk dengan angka incidence rate DBD di Kecamatan Cilandak Tahun 2010-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi ekologi. Jenis data yang diambil adalah data sekunder. Data incidence rate DBD, dan angka ABJ didapatkan dari laporan tahunan Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilandak. Data mengenai kepadatan penduduk didapatkan dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Data terkait iklim didapat dari BMKG. Hubungan akan dianalisis menggunakan uji pearson product moment. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2010 hanya kepadatan penduduk yang memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan IR DBD (p=0,003, r=0,783). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa suhu memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap IR DBD di Kecamatan Cilandak pada tahun 2011 (p=0,048, r=-0,580) dan 2015 (p=0,020, r=-0,66). Kelembaban memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan IR DBD di Kecamatan Cilandak pada tahun 2015 (p=0,013, r=0,426) dan 2019 (p=0,046, r=0,584). Curah hujan memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan IR DBD di Kecamatan Cilandak pada tahun 2019 (p=0,021, r=0,654). Kepadatan penduduk memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan IR DBD pada tahun 2010 (p=0,003, r=-0,783), 2012 (p=0,010, r=-0,706), 2014 (p=0,10, r=-0,706), 2015 (p=0,001, r=-0,844), 2016, 2017, dan 2019. Secara keseluruhan tahun 2010-2019, curah hujan dan kelembaban memiliki hubungan dengan IR DBD di Kecamatan Cilandak (p=0,029, r=0,685). Untuk mengurangi IR DBD disarankan untuk tetap melakukan kegiatan PSN, meningkatkan jumlah jumantik mandiri, dan meningkatkan penggunaan lavitrap.

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Climate can affect the life cycle, the breeding cycle of mosquitoes, and can affect the number of larvae or larvae-free numbers, larvae then develop into mosquitoes and transmit the dengue virus to humans. Population density is related to mosquito flying distances that are only around 50 meters, so areas with dense population can accelerate the transmission of the dengue virus. This study aims to analyze the relationship between climate factors (air temperature, humidity, and rainfall), vector density factors (ABJ figures), and population density with DHF incidence rate in Cilandak District in 2010-2019. This research uses ecological studies. The type of data taken is secondary data. DHF incidence rate data, and ABJ figures were obtained from the annual report of the Cilandak District Health Center. Data on population density was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. Climate related data obtained from BMKG. Relationships will be analyzed using the Pearson product moment test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that in 2010 only population density had a significant relationship with IR DHF (p = 0.003, r = 0.783). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that temperature had a significant relationship with DHF IR in Cilandak District in 2011 (p = 0.048, r = -0.580) and 2015 (p = 0.020, r = -0.66). Humidity has a significant relationship with IR DHF in Cilandak District in 2015 (p = 0.013, r = 0.426) and 2019 (p = 0.046, r = 0.584). Rainfall has a significant relationship with IR DHF in Cilandak District in 2019 (p = 0.021, r = 0.654). Population density has a significant relationship with IR DHF in 2010 (p = 0.003, r = -0.783), 2012 (p = 0.010, r = -0.706), 2014 (p = 0.10, r = -0.706), 2015 ( p = 0.001, r = -0.844), 2016, 2017 and 2019. Overall in 2010-2019, rainfall and humidity have a relationship with IR DHF in Cilandak District (p = 0.029, r = 0.685). To reduce the DHF IR it is advisable to keep doing PSN activities, increase the number of independent jumantik, and increase the use of lavitrap."