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"This article describes magical contents in kaba Puti NilamCayo. Intrinsic aspects were analized with structural approach.After that, the results were analized with sociological approach.After all, this object describes magical contents as rutinity and as symbols. This kaba shows Minangkabaunesse believe in supernatural activity in their universe."

"This research describes the shaman practice in Umbuik Mudorandai script. This research use structure and anthropological theory.Structure analysis show that main character, Umbuik Mudo, usethis practice to regain his pride. Furthermore, the object show the importance of characters status (rich and poor), pride, and behavior ethics,"

"Through active reaction, readers give response in new form of works. “Siklus Dendam Sabai” is one of this new form of kaba Sabai Nan Aluih. This article describes the reader response which brings differences between those two objects. Furthermore, the differences (theme and plot) are manifest of active reader background which shows in the new form of the work."

"Negeri Sembilan was one of temporary and permanent residence abroad.The migration went on in 14th century. The influence of this might be lookedat the sociocultural Negeri Sembilan today including at their dialect. Inthis paper will be explained the comparison between the Minangkabaulanguage and Negeri Sembilan dialect. The purpose of this is to review therelation of that isolect. To achieve them, the analyzing of data will apply thelexicostatistics that is one of the methods in historical comparative of linguistics"

"The goal of this research is to know about the role of Keujruen BIang on Village Government System in Aceh. Research employed yuridis normative method, that examine the Law text book connected with the problem. Data was analyzed through qualitative approach. The result of this research show that Keujreun Hang is one of adat institution include in village government structure in Aceh that help Geuchik (head of village) in forming section, especially to manage watering system."

"This thesis is a result of research on Kaba Angku Kapalo Sitalang by applyingsociology of literature. In Kaba Angku Kapalo Sitalang, there is a violationof Minangkabau custom law done by the people. The analysis focuses on theviolation of Minangkabau custom law by emphasizing Undang UndangNan Dua Puluh (The twenty rules). In this research, the writer explains thestructural analysis by describing theme, characterization, background andplot. Furthermore, Sociology of literature is a branch of literary criticismin its reflective features. This research views literature as mirror of society.Thus, Literature can be a direct reflection of various violation of custom lawin society. The writer uses qualitative method in doing this research. Based onthis research, it can be concluded that the problem about crimes or any actionsagainst the law of custom in Kaba Angku Kapalo Sitalang covers five criminalactions; samun saka (an action or behavior by disturbing social relation ofothers), kicuah kicang (deceiving), sumbang salah (the faults behavior), sia baka(making disorder in society such as creating social conflict), and tikam bunuh(murder). The social effect of the violation custom law in Kaba Angku KapaloSitalang; first, moral values and norms in society are fading, second, there is asocial imbalance in society, and the third, the criminality is rising. In the end, the aim at living a safe, peaceful and prosperous society cannot be achieved."

"Sastra merupakan institusi sosial yang tidak terlepas dari politik dan ideologi. Politik dan ideologi tersebut dapat menjadikan sastra sebagai media propaganda. Der Giftpilz merupakan salah satu hasil karya sastra yang menjadi media propaganda. Buku anak itu memiliki ideologi dan tujuan politik Nazi. Dalam upaya mengetahui bentuk propaganda yang terdapat dalam buku ini, teknik-teknik yang digunakan dapat membantu menggambarkan bentuk propaganda yang digunakan pengarang pada buku ini. Propaganda dalam sastra memperlihatkan bahwa sastra adalah media komunuikasi massa yang dapat membentuk opini masyarakat luas.

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Literature is a social institution that can not be separated from politics and ideology. Politics and ideology can make literature as a medium of propaganda. Der Giftpilz is one of literature works which became a medium of propaganda. This children's book has Nazi ideology and political goals. In an effort to determine the form of propaganda in this book, the techniques that are used bye author can help to describe the form of propaganda. Propaganda in the literature shows that literature is the mass communication media whom can shape the public opinion."

"Tulisan ini memaparkan mutuality of being yang tampak melalui tradisi mangain (mengangkat anak) dalam masyarakat Batak Toba yang telah berkembang dari waktu ke waktu. Mangain akrab bagi orang Batak Toba yang hendak melakukan pernikahan campuran dengan Suku Bangsa non-Batak. Keutuhan fungsi mangain kenyataannya berakar pada ‘mengangkat anak kecil’. Tradisi ini mengarahkan para penerima marga Batak Toba—saya sebut “orang Batak baru”—, tidak hanya masyarakat keturunan asli Batak Toba, kepada kehidupan kekerabatan Dalihan Na Tolu yang saling bergantung satu sama lain. Mangain, di sisi lain, tidak mendorong mereka untuk melupakan jasa orang tua yang telah melahirkan dan merawat mereka sampai dewasa. Mangain alhasil menjadi contoh tradisi yang dapat mengeratkan persatuan Indonesia yang merupakan negara plural karena kekerabatan tidak hanya dipandang dari keturunan darah. Keberagaman selama ini dipandang menjadi sumber konflik kepentingan antarkelompok di Indonesia. Hasil akhir tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa tradisi mangain mengakomodasi orang Batak Toba untuk mengasihi orang-orang non-Batak, begitu juga sebaliknya, yang terlihat dari implikasi mutuality of being di dalamnya. Data arsip, tulisan para akademisi dari berbagai bidang sampai bentuk karya tulis lainnya, menjadi basis penelitian kali ini. Wawancara informan yang telah terlibat langsung dalam proses mangain, bahkan ditulis dalam sebuah buku, kemudian melengkapi karya tulis ini.

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This paper explains mutuality of being that is seen through the tradition of mangain (adopt a child) in Batak Toba society which has progressed over time. This tradition is familiar for the Batak Toba people who want to do mixed marriage with non-Batak ethnic groups. In the reality, the whole function of mangain is rooted on ‘child adoption’. This tradition directs people who receive a Batak Toba clan—I called it the “orang Batak baru”—, not only Batak Toba people, to a Dalihan Na Tolu life which is mutually dependent on each other. On the other hand, mangain does not encourage them forget their parents who gave birth to, and nurturanced for, them. Mangain has become an example of a tradition that can strengthen the unity of Indonesia, a plural country, because kinship in here is not only seen from procreation. Diversity has been seen as a source of conflict of interest between groups in Indonesia. The final result of this article showed that mangain tradition accommodates the Batak Toba people love non-Batak people, and vice versa, which can be seen from the implications of the mutuality of being in it. Archival data, writing of academics from various fields up to other forms of writing, became the basis of this research. Interviews of informants who have been directly involved in the mangain process, even wrote it in a book, then completed this paper."