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"As foreign service officers (FSOs), we probably have been quite familiar with the term economic diplomacy throughout our daily activities, be it when serving at home in Pejambon or while serving abroad at the Indonesian missions scattered worldwide."

"Hubungan kerja sama Tiongkok dan ASEAN melalui ASEAN – China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) telah berlangsung selama lebih dari satu dekade. Dalam kerangka kerja sama ini, Tiongkok telah berhasil mendominasi pasar ASEAN bahkan membuat negara-negara ASEAN semakin bergantung pada Tiongkok. Meskipun telah diuntungkan dalam ACFTA, Tiongkok terlihat belum puas dan mencoba untuk memperbaharui kerangka kerja sama ACFTA menjadi ACFTA Upgrading Protocol yang ditandatangani pada 21 November 2015. Pembaharuan ini menambahkan ruang kerja sama baru di bidang 'e-commerce'. Bahkan setelahnya, perusahaan 'e-commerce' multinasional dari Tiongkok seperti Alibaba dan Tencent mulai berekspansi ke wilayah ASEAN, sementara ASEAN bukan merupakan domain 'e-commerce' karena infrastrukturnya seperti kecepatan internet dan jaringan logistik yang belum siap. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengapa Tiongkok menambahkan kerja sama 'e-commerce' dalam ACFTA Upgrading Protocol. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa perluasan domain kerja sama ACFTA ke sektor 'e-commerce' merupakan strategi diplomasi ekonomi Tiongkok untuk mengukuhkan dominasinya di ASEAN dalam rangka mencapai visi sebagai 'internet power' ('wanglou qiangguo'). Visi tersebut termanifestasikan dalam agenda politik Digital Silk Road dan 'Internet Plus Strategy'.

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Cooperation between China and ASEAN through ASEAN – China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) has been going on for more than a decade. Within this framework of cooperation, China has succeeded in dominating the ASEAN market and has even made ASEAN countries increasingly dependent on China. Even though it has benefited from the ACFTA, China seemed unsatisfied and tried to renew the ACFTA become ACFTA Upgrading Protocol signed on November 21, 2015. This update adds new cooperation on e-commerce. From then, China's domestic multinational e-commerce companies such as Alibaba and Tencent began to expand to the ASEAN region, even though ASEAN was not an e-commerce domain due to the lack of infrastructure like internet speed and logistics networks that were not so ready. This study aims to analyse why China added e-commerce cooperation in the ACFTA Upgrading Protocol. The analysis found that the expansion of the domain of ACFTA cooperation into the e-commerce sector was China's diplomacy strategy to strengthen its dominance in ASEAN in order to achieve its vision as 'strong internet power' ('wanglou qiangguo'). This vision is manifested in the Digital Silk Road and Internet Plus Strategy political agenda."

"Tulisan ini mengkaji tahapan strategi diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia dan Vietnam dalam menarik investasi asing periode tahun 2014 - 2019. Dalam mengkaji fenomena tersebut, studi ini menggunakan konsep diplomasi ekonomi di negara berkembang (economic salesmanship, networking, image branding dan regulation management) yang ditawarkan oleh Kishan Rana (2006). Adapun metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif melalui studi literatur dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Berdasarkan penelitian ditemukan bahwa masih terdapat kekurangan di dalam strategi diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia terutama dalam hal economic salesmanship, seperti penentuan fokus negara dari masing-masing aktor serta dalam hal regulation management terkait koordinasi antara pemangku kepentingan yang masih terhambat oleh adanya ego sektoral. Dari penelitian juga didapatkan rekomendasi bagi Indonesia untuk dapat mengambil pengalaman strategi Vietnam agar dapat bersaing dalam menarik investasi asing terutama di kawasan ASEAN.

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This study analyses the stages of Indonesia and Vietnam's economic diplomacy strategy in attracting foreign investment in 2014 - 2019. In examining this phenomenon, this study uses the concept of developing country economic diplomacy (economic salesmanship, networking, image branding and regulatory management) offered by Kishan Rani ( 2006). The methodology used is a qualitative method through literature study and secondary data collection. Based on research, there are still shortcomings in Indonesia's economic diplomacy strategy, especially in the economic salesmanship, such as building the focus of each country and in terms of management regulation related to coordination between stakeholders which is still hampered by sectoral egos. From the research, we also recommend that Indonesia gain strategic experience from Vietnam so that it can compete in attracting foreign investment, especially in the ASEAN region."

"Unlike his predecessors, Indonesian President Joko 'JokowiJ Widodo was unusually inward looking in his foreign policy approach in his first term (2014-2019). Jokowi often skipped important international diplomacy events, preferring to focus his energy on handling domestic affairs. It resulted in some observers lamented that his choice had degraded lndonesiaJs diplomatic standing internationally. Since the beginning of his second term in 2019, Jokowi has started to be more active in his foreign policy approach. He began to participate in international diplomatic events more than before) and even he has been more active in contributing to international affairs, including in contributing to promote peace. This article argues that foreign policy under the Jokowi presidency is the manifestation of continuity and change."

"ABSTRAKDiplomasi dikenal secara eksklusif dilaksanakan hanya oleh negara dan pejabat pemerintah pusatnya. Namun pada perkembangannya diplomasi juga mulai dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah/kota yang kemudian dikenal sebagai diplomasi kota. Diplomasi kota adalah sebuah bentuk mekanisme diplomasi dimana pemerintah kota berinteraksi dengan aktor hubungan internasional lain untuk merepresentasikan dirinya dan mencapai kepentingan daerahnya. Pada implementasinya, diplomasi kota memberikan banyak keuntungan karena secara khusus dilakukan oleh daerah yang tentunya mengetahui keunggulan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Namun, masih didapati ketimpangan pelaksanaan diplomasi kota di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Kenyataan ini kemudian memunculkan pertanyaan ldquo;bagaimana Pemerintah Indonesia dapat mengoptimalkan diplomasi kota sebagai salah satu upaya strategis kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia? rdquo;Dengan tujuan menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian akan melihat bagaimana implementasi, peluang dan tantangan diplomasi kota di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan tinjauan pustaka dan wawancara sebagai metode pengumpulan datanya. Dengan mendasar pada teori Multi-Level Governance penelitian ini mencoba membuktikan bawa untuk melaksanakan kegiatan diplomasi kota yang optimal perlu sinergi dan koordinasi antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah.Pada akhirnya, penelitian berhasil menyimpulkan bahwa tantangan-tantangan yang muncul dalam implementasi diplomasi kota di daerah membutuhkan penanganan yang berbeda. Peran Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia sebagai focal point dalam hubungan internasional Indonesia masih diperlukan untuk optimalisasi kegiatan diplomasi kota di Indonesia, sehingga harmonisasi arah kebijakan diplomasi Indonesia di segala lini pemerintahan dapat tercapai.

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ABSTRACTDiplomacy was known to be carried out exclusively by nations and its central officers. However, as it develops, diplomacy was also conducted by provincial municipal government and known as city diplomacy. City diplomacy is a diplomacy mechanism in which municipal government interact with other actors in international relation to represent their city and pursue their interest. In the actual implementation, city diplomacy brings many benefits because it is specifically used by the provincial municipal government which certainly knows the advantages and disadvantages of its own territory. However, imbalance still occur from the conduct of city diplomacy in various regions in Indonesia. This fact prompted a question about how the Indonesian government can optimize city diplomacy as one of its strategic Indonesian foreign policy With the aim of answering the question, this research look into the implementations, opportunities and challenges of the city diplomacy in Indonesia. The research methods of this paper were qualitative by using literature survey and in depth interview as the methods to gather data and information. By using the Multi Level Governance theory, this paper try to prove that synergy and coordination between the central and municipal government are crucial in order to optimize city diplomacy.Ultimately, the study had concluded that each of the challenges that arise in the implementation of city diplomacy requires different treatment. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia rsquo s role as the focal point of Indonesia rsquo s international relations are needed to optimized the city diplomacy in Indonesia, so that harmony in each administrative level can be achieved."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif pengelolaan hibah luar negeri pada Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP). Analisis dilakukan melalui telaah Laporan Hasil Pemeriksaan (LHP) Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (BPK) atas Laporan Keuangan KKP tahun 2009 sampai dengan tahun 2012 dan hasil wawancara dengan narasumber yang terlibat langsung dalam pengelolaan hibah luar negeri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan hibah luar negeri di lingkup KKP telah dilakukan secara berjenjang dan telah menerapkan kebijakan satu pintu (one gate policy). Namun, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi KKP dalam pengelolaan hibah luar negeri. Oleh karena itu, KKP tengah berusaha melakukan beberapa upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze comprehensively the management of foreign grant received by Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. The analysis was done through understanding the results of BPK audit on financial statements of Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries from 2009 to 2012 and interpreting interview results. The research shows that the management of foreign grant has been done thoroughly from the lowest to the highest entities and one gate policy has also been implemented. Nevertheless, there are several problems faced by the ministry in managing foreign grant. Therefore, the ministry is trying to create solutions in order to overcome the problems."