Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKKombinasi dihidroartemisinin-piperakuin (DHP) merupakan salah satu rejimen lini pertama untuk pengobatan malaria tanpa komplikasi di Indonesia. Dihidroartemisinin (DHA) adalah obat anti malaria derivat artemisinin yang dimetabolisme oleh uridin difosfat glukuronosiltransferase (UGT) 1A9 dan 2B7. Hingga saat ini telah ditemukan 3 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) nonsinonimus pada UGT2B7, yang terdapat pada ekson 1, 2 dan 5. SNP tersebut berkontribusi pada perubahan aktivitas glukuronidasi UGT2B7. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari distribusi dan frekuensi varian alel dari gen UGT2B7 pada daerah endemik malaria di Indonesia. Metode Bahan penelitian sejumlah 240 sampel berasal dari bahan biologis tersimpan anonim yang diambil dari dua belas daerah endemik malaria di Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), yang dilanjutkan dengan metode sekuensing untuk melihat varian alel UGT2B7 yaitu 211T, 802T, dan 1192A. Hasil Diperoleh varian alel UGT2B7 yaitu 211T (10,4%) dan 802T (9,4%) di Indonesia. Frekuensi dan distribusi varian alel 211T dan 802T hampir sama pada daerah hipoendemik (masing-masing 11% dan 10,6%) dan di daerah hiperendemik (masing-masing 10% dan 8,75%). Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan alel 1192A. Kesimpulan Varian alel 211T merupakan varian alel dengan frekuensi tertinggi dibandingkan dengan kedua alel lainnya. Tidak terdapat perbedaan frekuensi dan pola distribusi varian alel 211T dan 802T pada daerah hipoendemik dan hiperendemik malaria di Indonesia.

---

ABSTRACT

The combination of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) is one of the first-line treatment regimens for uncomplicated malaria in Indonesia. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a derivative of artemisinin antimalarial drugs metabolized by uridine diphosphate (UDP)- glucuronosiltransferase (UGT) 1A9 and 2B7. To date, 3 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) has been found in UGT2B7 nonsynonimus, which is located in exon 1, 2 and 5. These SNPs contributes to the changes in glucuronidation activity of UGT2B7. This study was aimed to determine the distribution and frequency of the variant alleles UGT2B7 in malaria endemic areas in Indonesia. Methods Two hundred and forty samples used in this study were taken from anonymous stored biological materials from twelve malaria endemic areas in Indonesia. Samples were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing methods to see UGT2B7 variant allele, 211T, 802T, and 1192A. Results We found variant alleles of 211T (10.4%) and 802T (9.4%) from twelve malaria endemic areas in Indonesia. Frequencies and distribution variant alleles 211T and 802T were similar at hypoendemic areas (11% and 10.6%, respectively) compared with hyperendemic areas (10% and 8.75%, respectively). Variant allele 1192A was not found in this study. Conclusion Variant allele 211T is the highest in frequencies compared with the other alleles. There was no difference in frequencies and distribution pattern variant allele 211T and 802T at hypoendemic and hyperendemic area in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan clinical pathway dan biaya perawatan odontectomy M3 impaksi tanpa penyakit penyerta di RS Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih pada tahun 2009, dengan melakukan riset operasional secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan rancangan retrospective. Terdapat 72 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data yang diolah adalah data morbiditas tahun 2008- 2009 dan data keuangan tahun 2009. Biaya odontectomy M3 impaksi tanpa penyakit penyerta dihitung dengan metode ABC (Activity Based Costing) dengan struktur biaya investasi, operasional, pemeliharaan dan biaya tidak langsung. Berdasarkan clinical pathway, biaya odontectomy M3 impaksi tanpa penyakit penyerta adalah Rp. 1.057.163,- (mesio angular), Rp. 1.241.810,- (horizontal), Rp. 1.445.210,- (terpendam) untuk odontectomy anesthesi lokal rawat jalan dan Rp. 6.540.846,- untuk odontectomy anesthesi umum one day care. Sedangkan CRR (Cost Revenue Rate) masing-masing adalah 72 % (mesio angular), 72 % (horizontal), 77 % (terpendam) dan 65 % (odontectomy anestesi umum-one day care).

---

This research is aimed to obtain clinical pathway and cost of treatment third-molar impaction odontectomy at RS Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih in 2009, by doing operational research qualitatively and quantitatively, using retrospective methode. There are 72 samples which comply with included and excluded criteria. Data that used in this research are morbidity data in 2008-2009 and financial data in 2009.

The cost is accounted by ABC (Activity Based Costing) method, which the cost structures are investation, operational, maintainance and indirect cost. Based on clinical pathway at RS Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih, costs of treatment third molar impaction odontectomy are Rp. 1.057.163,- (mesio angular), Rp. 1.241.810,- (horizontal), Rp. 1.445.210,- (embedeed) for local anesthesiaambulatory treatment and Rp. 6.540.846,- for general anesthesia- one day care treatment. In addition, CRR (Cost Revenue Rate) of each treatment are 72 % (mesio angular), 72 % (horizontal), 77 % (embedded) dan 65 % (odontectomy anestesi umum-one day care)."

"Annotation. Gain a full understanding of the basic science andclinical use of drugs with the most up-to-date andcomprehensive pharmacology text in the health sciences400 ILLUSTRATIONS--MANY IN FULL COLOROrganized to reflect the course sequence in many pharmacology courses and in integrated curricula, Basic &​ Clinical Pharmacology covers the important concepts students need to know about the science of pharmacology and its application to clinical practice. Selection of the subject matter and order of its presentation are based on the authors' many years of experience in teaching this material to thousands of medical, pharmacy, dental, podiatry, nursing, and other health science students.Coverage that spans every aspect of medical pharmacology:Encompasses every aspect of medical pharmacology including botanicals and over-the-counter drugsNew chapter on pharmacogenomics with important examplesEmphasis is placed on discussion of druggroups and prototypesClinically relevant, the book includes sections that specifically address the clinical choice and use of drugs in patients and the monitoring of their effectsFull-color presentation with more than 400 illustrationsCase studies introduce clinical problems in most chaptersSummary tables and diagrams encapsulate important informationIncludes many new drugsA Generic Name/​Trade Name Table appears at the end of most chapters for easy reference when writing a chart order or prescription."