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"The tourism industry on Langkawi and Redang islands has played an important role in improving the wellbeingof the islands’ community. This study aims to investigate the contribution of the tourism sector towardsthe well-being of the islanders through multiple indicators of well-being; employment, expenditure andownership. Qualitative methods were employed to look at the changes of the islanders well-being over 10 years,after the year 2001. Both islands had been declared tourism destinations in the 1980’s. Several techniques wereused to get data; Focus Group Discussion (FGD); Interviews; and observation. The results showed there was aclear improvement in the well-being of people on both islands, especially in terms of employment, income andexpenses. All respondents acknowledged that their well-being has changed after getting a lot of jobopportunities on the islands. Of the 30 respondents in Langkawi, most of them admitted that they have betterincome. From the aspect of spending, all respondents spent enough for their families and themselves.Ownership of the respondents on Langkawi island has also changed due to the increased income and expenses.Analysis from the FGD session on Redang island showed that most of the informants admitted an increase injobs in the tourism sector enhanced the level of community’s well-being. As on Langkawi Island, employment,expenditure and ownership for the islanders on Redang Island also increased. The increasing jobs in the tourismindustry on Langkawi and Redang Island enhance the level of spending and ownership, thus enhance the wellbeingof the community on both tourism islands."

"Pariwisata internasional menjelma menjadi salah satu industri terbesar di dunia karena terus mengalami pertumbuhan yang signifikan. Melihat potensi tersebut, kini setiap negara berusaha untuk mengembangkan sektor industri pariwisata yang dimilikinya. Kekayaan alam, keragaman seni dan budaya, serta latar belakang sejarah yang panjang merupakan potensi besar sebagai objek dan daya tarik pariwisata Rusia. Namun dalam kenyataannya pariwisata Rusia masih kalah bersaing di industri pariwisata internasional. Diperlukan langkah strategis dari pemerintah Rusia, dalam hal ini Kementrian Kebudayaan Federasi Rusia untuk mengembangkan potensi pariwisata Rusia dan meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara ke Rusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui masalah-masalah yang menyebabkan stagnasi pariwisata Rusia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dan strategi yang akan dilakukan oleh pemerintah Rusia dalam meningkatkan daya saing Rusia di industri pariwisata internasional. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analisis yang bersumber kepada naskah primer dan naskah sekunder terkait topik penelitian.

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International tourism was transformed into one of the largest industries in the world because it continues to experience significant growth. Seeing this potential, each country is now trying to develop its tourism sector. Natural richness, the diversity of art and culture, as well as a long historical background is a great potential as a tourist attraction of Russia. But in reality the Russian tourism still unable to compete in the international tourism industry. Necessary strategic steps from the Russian government, which is Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation to develop the tourism potential of Russia and increase tourist arrivals to Russia. This research aims to determine the causes of the Russian tourism?s stagnation problems in recent years and Russian government?s strategies in increasing Russia's competitiveness in the international tourism industry. This research use a qualitative approach, with descriptive-analytic method that comes to primary and secondary sources related to the topic of research."

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan dunia entertainment Korea Selatan Hallyu yang berkembang dengan pesat secara global telah terbukti secara statistik meningkatkan tingkat kedatangan turis mancanegara. Sejumlah teori dan jurnal membahas pentingnya industri pariwisata terutama yang didukung oleh perkembangan pop culture atau budaya populer dalam pembangunan ekonomi disejumlah negara. Dalam karya tulis ini, penulis mengulas kembali teori dari jurnal terdahulu dan menguji korelasi antara tren Hallyu dan industri pariwisata, serta pengaruhnya terhadap perkembangan ekonomi Korea Selatan.

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ABSTRACTThe development of South Korean entertainment world Hallyu , which grows rapidly globally has been proven statistically to increase the level of foreign tourist arrivals. A number of theories and journals discuss the importance of the tourism industry mainly supported by the development of pop culture to economic development in several countries. In this paper, the authors review the theory from the aforementioned journals and tested the correlation between the trend of Hallyu and tourism industry, as well as its influence on the economic development of South Korea. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan secara mendalam strategi-strategi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Hubei dalam merevitalisasi sektor industri pariwisata Hubei akibat pandemi COVID-19 pada tahun 2020-2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka. Kerangka konsep inovasi ekonomi regional digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam mengeksplorasi penelitian ini. Temuan penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa dalam mencapai keberhasilan revitalisasi sektor pariwisata akibat pandemi, Pemerintah Hubei telah mendorong terbentuknya inovasi ekonomi yang menghasilkan kebijakan ekonomi lokal yang adaptif. Maka dari itu, upaya revitalisasi yang dilakukan, Pemerintah Hubei menerapkan strategi kebijakan keuangan dan fiskal; strategi peningkatan infrastruktur; dan strategi promosi pariwisata untuk memperbaiki kondisi pasar pariwisata Hubei.

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This study aims to explain in depth the strategies carried out by the Hubei Government in revitalizing the Hubei tourism industry sector due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2022. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection through literature study. The regional economic innovation concept framework is used as a guide in exploring this research. The findings of this study show that in achieving the success of revitalizing the tourism sector due to the pandemic, the Hubei Government has encouraged the formation of economic innovations that produce adaptive local economic policies. Therefore, in the revitalization efforts carried out, the Hubei Government implemented a financial and fiscal policy strategy; infrastructure improvement strategy; and tourism promotion strategies to repair Hubei's tourism market conditions."

"Pada tahun 2013 International Olympic Committee (IOC) telah menetapkan Tokyo sebagai tuan rumah Olimpiade 2020. Tiga tahun kemudian Bank of Japan merilis laporan penelitian yang memproyeksikan pertumbuhan pariwisata Jepang pada tahun 2020. Namun laporan tersebut justru jauh dari proyeksinya dikarenakan adanya pandemi COVID-19 yang menghancurkan sektor pariwisata dan pariwisata terkait olimpiade di Jepang. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai krisis pariwisata dan dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat adanya pandemi COVID-19, khususnya pada pariwisata terkait Olimpiade Tokyo 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan analisis tekstual yakni dengan membandingkan data jumlah wisatawan asing dan pengeluaran wisatawan asing sebelum dan saat pandemi COVID-19 menggunakan grafik. Berdasarkan data ditemukan bahwa pariwisata Jepang mengalami krisis pariwisata pada tahun 2020 yang dibuktikan dengan penurunan jumlah wisatawan asing hingga -87.09% dan penurunan jumlah pengeluaran wisatawan asing sebesar defisit 4.07 triliun Yen. Pariwisata terkait olimpiade juga turut mengalami krisis pariwisata dengan kehilangan potensi 24 juta wisatawan asing dan penurunan jumlah pemasukan hingga 2.3 triliun Yen.

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In 2013 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has designated Tokyo as the host of the 2020 Olympics. Three years later the Bank of Japan released a research report projecting Japan’s tourism growth in 2020. Nonetheless the research report far from the projection due to COVID-19 pandemic which ruin the tourism and tourism-related to the Olympic in Japan. This study examines the tourism crisis and the impact caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the tourism-related to the 2020 Tokyo Olympic. Using qualitative methodology and textual analytics, this study comparing data on the number of foreign tourist and expenditure of foreign tourist before and during the pandemic using graphics charts. In accordance with the data, Japan’s tourism experiencing tourism crisis in 2020 as evidenced by the decrease on the number of foreign tourist by -87.09% and decrease on the tourist expenditure equal to 4.07 trillion Yen. Tourism-related to the Olympic also experiencing tourism crisis by losing the potential of 24 million foreign tourist and decreased the Olympic income up to 2.3 trillion Yen."

"Tesis ini membahasdampak pengeluaran pemerintah pada sektor pariwisata terhadap peningkatan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara di 5 negara ASEAN (Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia dan Vietnam).Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitianpendekatan pemodelan permintaan pariwisata. Dari hasil analisis statistik ditemukan bahwa PDBper kapita danpopulasi originasi wisatawan merupakan faktor yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi jumlah kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara. REER komparatif negara tujuan wisata dan negara originasi wisatawan ditemukan juga berdampak positif dan signifikan. Jarak yang juga signifikan dalam mempengaruhi jumlah kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara namun arahnyanegatif.Sedangkan pengeluaran pemerintah bidang pariwisata yang menjadi variabel interestpenelitian ditemukan tidak signifikan dalam mempengaruhi jumlah kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara.

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This thesis discusses the impact of government spending on the tourism sector on increasing the number of internationaltourist arrivals in 5 ASEAN countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam). This research is a quantitative study with a research design approach to tourism demand modeling. From the results of statistical analysis it was found that GDPper capitaand tourist origination populations weresignificant factor in influencing the number of internationaltourist arrivals. The REER comparative between destination and tourist origination countries was also found to have a positive and significantimpact on the numbers of internationaltourist arrivals. The distance is also significant impact onthe number of internationaltourists arrivals but the direction is negative. While government expenditure in tourism sectors was foundnot significant impact onthe number of internationaltourists arrivals."

"The book aims at providing an overview of the main economic issues related to tourism activities. While tourism is an important sector, contributing to more than 10% of the European Union's GDP, research and teaching at the university level has only recently grown to a considerable level, and the field still lacks a firm research methodology. This book approaches tourism economics as an applied field of study in which tourism markets are represented as imperfect markets, with asymmetric and incomplete information among agents, bounded rationality, and with a strong presence of externalities and public goods. The economic issues studied in the book are approached both intuitively, largely using examples and case studies, and formally, with mathematical formalizations in text boxes. "