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"Dental caries is a unique multifactorial infectious disease. In recent years, the prevalence of dental caries in most western countries has steadily declined. By contrast study done in some developing countries such as Zambia, Nigeria, Thailand and Indonesia showed a marked increase in dental caries. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the most important agent of human caries. Cariogenic feature of these bacteria include synthesis intracellular polysaccharide, extracellular polysaccharide, lactic acid production and ability to survive at low pH levels. Potentially, caries can be reduced by interfering with transmission of S. mutans, eliminating, established S. mutans populations from the oral cavity, increasing the acid resistance of the teeth and control of the carbohydrate composition of the diet. Oral anti mutans vaccines have been demonstrated in the laboratory, the costs involved in the development for human are relatively high. Studies Strain replacement therapy is a great promise in implantation of benign oral microbial strain capable of successfully competing with S. mutans."

"Pemanfaatan pelayanan proram UKGM dipengaruhi oleh perilaku ibu dan pengelolaan program oleh Puskesmas. Karies masih termasuk dalam sepuluh penyakit terbesar dan cakupan pembinaan kesehatan gigi di masyarakat masih rendah yaitu 19,6 %. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan program UKGM oleh ibu yang memiliki anak usia 2 sampai 5 tahun di Posyandu Kecamatan Medan Satria Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian sekuensial eksplanatori (mixed methods) dengan desain cross sectional dan jumlah sampel 400 responden. Untuk menggali lebih mendalam permasalahan rendahnya pemanfaatan program UKGM, penelitian ini dilengkapi dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam kepada manajemen puskesmas dan diskusi kelompok terarah kepada kader posyandu mengenai permasalahan yang ada.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kuantitatif, pekerjaan, dukungan keluarga dan kebutuhan perawatan gigi dan mulut anak merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan program UKGM di posyandu. Sedangkan sikap, dukungan keluarga dan kebutuhan perawatan gigi dan mulut anak merupakan variabel paling signifikan dalam pemanfaatan program UKGM di posyandu. Berbeda dengan hasil pendekatan kualitatif yang memperlihatkan bahwa justru fasilitas yang lebih mempengaruhi pemanfaatan program UKGM. Selain itu monitoring dan evaluasi belum dilakukan secara rutin. Rekomendasi pada penelitian ini adalah diharapkan untuk melengkapi fasilitas terutama alat peraga penyuluhan dan alat periksa gigi (diagnostic set), memberikan pelatihan UKGM pada kader posyandu serta melakukan monitoring setiap bulan dan evaluasi setiap tiga bulan sekali.

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The utilization of UKGM program is influenced by maternal behavior and program management by the Puskesmas. Caries is still among the top ten diseases and the scope of dental health development in the community is still low at 19.6%. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the utilization of the UKGM program by mothers who have children aged 2 to 5 years at Posyandu, Medan Satria District, Bekasi City. This research is an explanatory sequential study (mixed methods) with a cross sectional design and a sample of 400 respondents. To find out more about the problem of the low utilization of the UKGM program, this study was supplemented by a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with puskesmas management and focus group discussions on posyandu workers regarding existing problems.

Based on the results of quantitative research, work, family support and dental and oral care needs of children were variables related to the utilization of the UKGM program at the posyandu. Whereas attitudes, family support and children's dental and oral care needs were the most significant variables in the utilization of the UKGM program at the posyandu. It is different from the results of a qualitative approach that shows that it is precisely the facilities that influence the utilization of the UKGM program. In addition, monitoring and evaluation have not been carried out routinely. Recommendations in this study are expected to complement facilities, especially counseling teaching aids and dental kits (diagnostic set), provide UKGM training to posyandu workers and conduct monitoring every month and evaluation every three months."

"Gigi molar pertama tetap adalah gigi yang paling peka terhadap karies, sehingga pada anak sering di jumpai gigi molar pertama tetapnya telah mengalami kerusakan yang cukup berat. Sehubungan dangan hal tersebut telah diupayakan berbagai cara untuk mencegah karies pada gigi tetap, terutama pada gigi molar pertama, karena erupsinya paling awal. Salah satu cara yang dianjurkan adalah dengan menutup pit dan fisur, karena biasanya karies dimulai dari daerah tersebut. Untuk penelitian ini digunakan semen glass ionomer. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui sejauhmana semen glass- ionorner dapat mencegah karies pit dan fisur gigi molar pertama tetap dan sejauh mana semen tersebut dapat bertahan di dalam fit dan fisur gigi molar tetap pertama. Subjek penelitian adalah gigi molar pertama tetap siswa sekolah dasar TRISULA Salemba Tengah kelas I, II. III. dengan- usia 6 - 9 tahun. Sejumlah 69 anak telah terpilih untuk diteliti. Setiap anak di lakukan penutupan pit dan fisur pada 2 gigi molar pertama tetap atas dan bawah secara silang, sehingga seluruh gigi perlakuan 138 buah. Sedang 2 gigi yang lain dipergunakan sebagai kontrol."

"Peningkatan prevalensi karies gigi terutama disebabkan karena adanya perubahan-perubahan dalam pola makan dari makanan berserat menjadi makanan mudah melekat pada permukaan gigi. Bila seseorang malas untuk membersihkan giginya setelah makan makanan yang manis dan lengket, maka sisa-sisa makanan tersebut akan diubah menjadi asam oleh bakteri yang terdapat dalam mulut, kemudian dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya karies gigi. Menurut Matram (2007), berdasarkan SKRT 2004, penyebab tingginya prevalensi karies hanya sedikit orang Indonesia mengerti cara menyikat gigi benar (10%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh kebiasaan menyikat gigi terhadap status pengalaman karies dengan menganalisis data Rriskesdas 2007. Dalam Penelitian ini terdapat 198.023 responden berusia 35 tahun ke atas yang diperiksa giginya Desain penelitian cross sectional, populasi adalah seluruh penduduk Indonesia tahun 2007. Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan distribusi frekuensi karakteristik responden, responden yang mempunyai gigi yang sehat, DMF-T = 0 adalah hanya 11,76 % dan responden yang mengalami kerusakan gigi atau DMF-T
1 adalah sebanyak 88,24%. Prevalensi pengalaman karies paling tinggi terjadi pada kelompok umur 65 tahun ke atas yaitu 96,51%. Pada kelompok yang menyikat gigi 1x/hari 1,063 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibanding sikat gigi 2x/hari. Kelompok yang jarang menyikat gigi 1,23 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibandingkan yg sikat gigi 2x/hari. Setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Sebaiknya masyarakat menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya dengan rajin menyikat gigi 2 kali sehari yaitu setelah makan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam untuk dapat mengurangi terjadinya karies gigi.

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Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries.;Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries."