Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Kewirausahaan adalah simbol dari usaha dan kesuksesan dalam bisnis, dan kewirausahaan memainkan peran penting dalam perkembangan ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat. Sejak Kewirausahaan Organisasional (Organizational Entrepreneurship, OE) berkontribusi pada stabilitas keuangan untuk adminstrasi urusan perkotaan, hal ini menjadi sangat penting pada kasus kota. Melalui alasan ini, studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti peran dari kapital sosial (Social Capital, SC) pada perkembangan kewirausahaan di Kota Teheran. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif dan non-eksperimental, dan data yang terkumpul berasal dari 204 kuesioner yang didistribusikan pada manajer dan ahli organisasi. Penelitian menggunakan stratified sampling dengan partisipan sebanyak 37 manajer dan 167 ahli organisasi. Jumlah partisipan laki-laki sebanyak 147 orang dan jumlah partisipan perempuan sebanyak 57 orang. Rata-rata usia partisipan adalah 47 tahun dengan standar deviasi 0,765. Hipotesis penelitian diuji menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil dari studi menunjukkan bahwa kapital sosial melalui tiga dimensinya (dimensi kognitif, relasional dan struktural) memiliki pengaruh signifikan yang positif pada kewirausahaan organisasional.

---

Entrepreneurship is the symbol of endeavor and success in business, and entrepreneurs play a crucial role in economic and social development of communities. Since Organizational Entrepreneurship (OE) contribute to earning stable finance required for administration of urban affairs, it is very important in the case of municipalities. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the role of social capital (SC) in the development of entrepreneurship in Tehran municipality. Research method was descriptive and non-experimental, and required data were collected through 204 questionnaires distributed among managers and experts of the organization. Stratified sampling was used, in which 37 managers and 167 experts participated. Number of male participants was 147, and number of female participants was 57. The mean age of participants was 41 years, and its standard deviation was 0.765. In order to test the research hypothesis, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. The results of the study showed that social capital and its three dimensions (Cognitive, Relational and Structural dimensions) had positive significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship."

"This book biographies of 'famous' entrepreneurs which are informative. While informative, these are usually of a non-academic nature. Academic studies tend to focus on the political and economic environment in which present day Chinese entrepreneurs have to operate. Both these types of publications shed light on the entrepreneurial identity. This study aims at filling the research gap with a core question : why do some people become entrepreneurs? The authors have analysed the life stories of a number of Chinese private entrepreneurs to reveal how the entrepreneurial identity of each of them has emerged at the cross section of a number of other identities. This book therefore contributes to a better understanding of Chinese entrepreneurship and the study of entrepreneurship in general. "

"Salah satu daripada matlamat pembangunan komuniti terutamanya bagi golongan miskin seperti penduduk setinggan ialah pengukuhan jaringan sosial atau lebih dikenali sebagai modal sosial dalam masyarakat melalui modal sosial ikatan, perapatan dan perhubungan. Tujua kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka jaringan modal sosial dengan mengkaji peranan penglibatan sebagai pengantara dalam hubungan antara ikatan, perapatan dan perhubungan dalam kalangan penduduk setinggan di Tehran, Iran. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 328 penduduk miskin dalam dua komuniti penempatan setinggan di Tehran yang telah dipilih secara rawak.Satu set soal selidik telah digunakan sabagai kaedah pengumpulan data dan teknik persampelan rawak berstrata telah digunakan. Model yang dibentuk menunjukkan bahawa penyertaan tidak sepenuhnya berfungsi sebagai pengantara hubungan antara modal sosial ikatan, perapatan dan pemerkasaan. Walau bagaimanapun, modal sosial dilihat sebagai sesuatu yang baik dalam memperkasakan komuniti dan menggalakkan penglibatan mereka untuk pembangunan masyarakat, kerana ia boleh membina hubungan yang kuat bagi kemakmuran ekonomi, tadbir urus yang stabil dan perpaduan sosial. Bagi pekerja komuniti, modal sosial perapatan dapat dilihat sebagai penting untuk menguruskan kepelbagaian dan mengekalkan perpaduan masyarakat, manakala modal sosial perhubungan dilihat sebagai aspek yang penting untuk pemerkasaan dan jaringan perkongsian. Bagi pembuat dasar, kelemahan dalam modal sosial perhubungan merupakan sesuatu yang boleh diberi perhatian. Modal sosial dalam komuniti penempatan setinggan boleh diperkukuhkan melalui pelbagai sumber dan kaedah komunikasi di peringkat tempatan dan kerajaan, seperti mengambil bahagian dalam pilihan raya tempatan dan organisasi kejiranan seperti Shora."

"This study examines the validity of governmental supports and policies; and financing for entrepreneurs in the context of global entrepreneurial activities. Our studies are based on the rich datasets of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database covering 108 countries from 2001 to 2014. In this study, we examine whether countries with more favorable policies and supports towards entrepreneurship and availability of financing for entrepreneurs would result in the higher country’s entrepreneurial activities. We use total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA), a percentage of 18 - 64 year old population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or an owner manager of a new business, as our dependent variable to represent country’s entrepreneurial activities. There are two main explanatory variables used in the study: governmental supports and financing for entrepreneurs. The governmental supports represents the extent to which public policies support entrepreneurship as a relevant economic issue, while financing for entrepreneurs indicates the availability of financial resources for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) including grants and subsidies. We also include three control variables of basic school entrepreneurial education and training; physical and services infrastructure; and cultural and social norms to test the significance of these factors to the country’s entrepreneurial activities. This study adopts panel regression model augmented with control variables. Our results suggest that there is no evident that government supports and financing for entrepreneurs have significant contribution for country’s entrepreneurial activities. It could be explained that entrepreneurial activities are more flourished in a country that has not set entrepreneurship as relevant economic issues as it might be the case for many emerging countries. The availability of formal financial resources also has a negative contribution to country’s entrepreneurial activities. It could be interpreted that in some countries many new start-ups and entrepreneurs seem to have a greater reliance to informal financing of 4Fs (Founders, Family, Friends and Foolhardy investors) instead of formal channels such as government grant and subsidies, venture capital or strategic partners. We also found that only social and cultural norm values which encourage actions leading to new business and entrepreneurships have a significant contribution in stimulating country’s entrepreneurship activities. However, there is no evident that psychical and services infrastructure; and entrepreneurial education and training at basic school is significantly affecting entrepreneurships in a country."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas jalinan dari N Networks , N Norms , dan T Trust sebagai elemen kapital sosial dalam CEDS UI, serta manfaat kapital sosial di CEDS UI Center for Entrepreneurship Development and Studies Universitas Indonesia . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam dengan lima narasumber dari anggota CEDS dan satu orang narasumber yang merupakan coach sekaligus alumnus CEDS dan studi kepustakaan. Temuan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kondisi asimetri dalam elemen elemen kapital sosial di CEDS UI. Pertama, Jaringan yang ada di organisasi bersifat ekstensif. Kedua, norma yang dimiliki organisasi mendukung terbentuknya kepercayaan, yaitu kekeluargaan dan timbal balik namun tidak ada mekanisme sanksi untuk menegakkan norma dalam organisasi. Ketiga, kepercayaan tidak terbentuk dalam organisasi. Selain itu, ada penekanan akan penggunaan mekanisme legal formal yang melandasi kerja sama di dalam organisasi. Apabila dikaitkan dengan konsep dan elemen kapital sosial yang dikemukakan Putnam serta konsep kepercayaan yang dikemukakan Fukuyama, dapat diketahui bahwa dalam CEDS UI belum terbentuk kapital sosial secara sempurna.

---

The purpose of this research is to discuss the interaction of N Networks , N Norms , and T Trust as the elements of social capital and benefits of social capital for CEDS UI. This research is qualitative research. Data was obtained from in depth interviews with five speakers from CEDS members and one speaker who is a coach and CEDS alumnus , documentation, and literature study. Evidence suggests that asymmetry conditions occur in the elements of social capital in the CEDS UI. First, the existing networks in organizations is extensive. Secondly, the norms of the organization support the establishment of trust, namely kinship and reciprocity. But there is no sanction mechanism to enforce norm in the organization. Third, there is not a general belief in the organization. In addition, there is an emphasis in the use of legal mechanisms to underpin cooperation in the organization. When linked with the concept and elements of social capital presented by Putnam and the concept of trust proposed by Fukuyama, it is known that the perfectly formed social capital has not been formed in CEDS."

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan teknologi dan internet menciptakan perubahan dalam lingkungan bisnis. Kondisi ini mengharuskan organisasi menjadi fleksibel dan cepat untuk menghadapi perubahan lingkungan. Organisasi perlu mengembangkan kemampuan dinamis yang unik untuk memberikan respons yang cepat terhadap lingkungan yang dinamis. Proses ini membutuhkan pemahaman yang memadai tentang kondisi lingkungan eksternal serta kondisi sumber daya internal organisasi. Kemampuan untuk memperoleh, menyimpan, dan mendistribusikan pengetahuan adalah salahsatu sumber daya strategis organisasi untuk mendapatkan keunggulan kompetitif yang berkelanjutan. Absorptive capacity adalah kemampuan untuk memperoleh, sementara kapasitas penyebaran diperlukan untuk mendistribusikan pengetahuan intra-organisasi. Makalah ini menganalisis pengaruh dari social capital untuk meningkatkan baik proses knowledge management dan pengaruhnya untuk organizational performance. Menggunakan sampel dalam organisasi pemerintah dengan 283 manajer dan karyawan yang bertanggungjawab dalam melaporkan kinerja. Kami menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) untuk menganalisis data.

---

ABSTRACTThe development of technology and the internet creating change in the business environment. These conditions require organizations to be flexible and rapidly to deals with the change of environment. Organizations need to develop unique dynamic capabilities to provide a rapid response to a dynamic environment. This process requires an adequate understanding of external environment conditions as well as the condition of organization internal resources. The ability to acquiring, storing, and distributing knowledge is one of the strategic resources of the organization in order to obtain sustainable competitive advantages. Absoprtive capacity is the ability to acquire, while disseminative capacity is needed to distribute knowledge intra-organization. This paper analyzes the effect of social capital to enhances both knowledge management process and their influence for organizational performance. Using samples in goverment organizations with 283 managers and employees who where responsible on reporting performance. We used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the data."