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"ABSTRAKThis essay examines the role of political parties in different forms of government. In the three Southeast Asian countries, the different governments have distinctive methods of utilizing the parties according to their needs. The more democratic the country usually the less control the government has on the parties. The more reliant the government on its party, the more systematic its control over it. Consequently, the stronger control of government the less likely the parties would be able to reach democracy."

"Skripsi ini membahas respons Democratic Action Party (DAP) dan Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) yang merupakan parpol dengan basis konstituen etnis Tionghoa di Malaysia terhadap kebijakan New Economic Policy (NEP). Kebijakan perekonomian ini bersifat affirmative action (tindakan afirmasi) bagi etnis Melayu, namun diskriminatif terhadap etnis Tionghoa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain eksplanatif, data-data diperoleh dari studi pustaka. Terdapat tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan respons kedua parpol yaitu: Pertama, perbedaan kelas sosial pada etnis Tionghoa yang merupakan konstituen kedua parpol; Kedua, perbedaan posisi kedua parpol di Parlemen Malaysia; Ketiga, perbedaan kepentingan politik.

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This study discuss the response of DAP (Democratic Action Party) and MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association), a Chinese ethnic constituent base political party in Malaysia towards the New Economic Policy (NEP). The economic policy provide an affirmative action for the Malay ethnic, but discriminative to the Chinese ethnic. This research uses qualitative methods with an explanative design, the data obtained from literature study. There is three factors which affects the different responses between the two political parties: First, social class differences in the Chinese ethnic constituents of both political parties; Second, the positions of both political parties in Malaysia Parliament; Third, different political interests."