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"ABSTRAKThis essay examines the role of political parties in different forms of government. In the three Southeast Asian countries, the different governments have distinctive methods of utilizing the parties according to their needs. The more democratic the country usually the less control the government has on the parties. The more reliant the government on its party, the more systematic its control over it. Consequently, the stronger control of government the less likely the parties would be able to reach democracy."

"Skripsi ini membahas respons Democratic Action Party (DAP) dan Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) yang merupakan parpol dengan basis konstituen etnis Tionghoa di Malaysia terhadap kebijakan New Economic Policy (NEP). Kebijakan perekonomian ini bersifat affirmative action (tindakan afirmasi) bagi etnis Melayu, namun diskriminatif terhadap etnis Tionghoa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain eksplanatif, data-data diperoleh dari studi pustaka. Terdapat tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan respons kedua parpol yaitu: Pertama, perbedaan kelas sosial pada etnis Tionghoa yang merupakan konstituen kedua parpol; Kedua, perbedaan posisi kedua parpol di Parlemen Malaysia; Ketiga, perbedaan kepentingan politik.

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This study discuss the response of DAP (Democratic Action Party) and MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association), a Chinese ethnic constituent base political party in Malaysia towards the New Economic Policy (NEP). The economic policy provide an affirmative action for the Malay ethnic, but discriminative to the Chinese ethnic. This research uses qualitative methods with an explanative design, the data obtained from literature study. There is three factors which affects the different responses between the two political parties: First, social class differences in the Chinese ethnic constituents of both political parties; Second, the positions of both political parties in Malaysia Parliament; Third, different political interests."

"Proses rekrutmen politik yang demokratis akan berdampak baik bagi kualitas pemimpin dan kebijakan yang dihasilkan partai politik. Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dalam mewujudkan rekrutmen politik yang demokratis pada partai politik di Indonesia serta formulasi pengaturan yang tepat untuk mewujudkan rekrutmen politik yang demokratis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia belum berhasil mewujudkan partai politik yang demokratis. Pengaturan mengenai rekrutmen politik yang demokratis di Indonesia belum dirumuskan dengan definitif dan operasional. Konsep pengaturan yang belum definitif dan operasional tersebut kemudian ditafsirkan secara terlalu luas oleh partai politik sehingga kondisi rekrutmen politik pada partai politik saat ini menjadi eksklusif dan minim pelibatan anggota. Belajar pada praktik baik di negara lain maka untuk mewujudkan rekrutmen politik yang demokratis, Indonesia perlu memperbaiki formulasi peraturan perundang-undangan antara lain melalui perumusan indikator yang tepat dan mengintegrasikan rekrutmen politik yang demokratis dengan sistem pemilihan umum.

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The democratic political recruitment process will have a positive impact on the quality of leaders and policies produced by political parties This study discusses the role of legislation in Indonesia in achieving democratic political recruitment within political parties, as well as the appropriate regulatory formulation to realize democratic political recruitment The research method used is normative juridical. The research findings indicate that the legislative framework in Indonesia has not successfully established democratic political parties This is because regulations regarding democratic political recruitment in Indonesia have not been definitively and operationally formulated. The concept of the still indefinite and operational arrangement is then interpreted too broadly by political parties, resulting in the current exclusive and minimally inclusive political recruitment conditions within the political parties. Studying practical experiences in other countries, in order to achieve democratic political recruitment, Indonesia needs to improve the formulation of legal regulations, including through the precise formulation of indicators and integrating democratic political recruitment with the general election system."