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"the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings.;the main claim of the present study is that regulatory focus (i.e., promotion vs. prevention orientation) is an important explanatory variable of cross-cultural differences in actual and seld-reported achievement related behaviors and preference, which include a component of autonomy. its adds explained variance in behaviors above and beyond beyond that of individualism/collectivism (I/C), and mediates the relations between I/C and behavior. three studies are reported, the first compared israeli jews and arabs on minimal inctiation (n=255), the second compared israeli jews and japanese on creativity (n=92), and the third compared swiss, mexican, and indonesian samples on preference for mastery goals in education (n-488). all three studies demonstrated the ability of regulatory focus scales to distinguish between cultures and to serve as meaningful predictors of actual and self reported achievement related behaviors. the measured I/C scales were found to be less relevant to behavior prediction than was regulatory focus. in most studies, regulatory focus scales mediated the relations between some of the I/C scales and behavior. the diversity of the measured behaviors and cultures supports the ecological validity of the findings."

"ABSTRAKThere is a need to understand more of the factors governing the effectiveness of individual-focused stress management interventions in the workplace. This article examines research contrasting different approaches to stress management. It is argued that due to design and methodological limitations in the majority of studies, a new generation of research is required which (a) delineates clearly between interventions of differing technical content; (b) includes session process measures to help distinguish the degree of outcome variance associated with specific and non-specific factors; (c) focuses on the moderators of change enabling greater understanding of the circumstances in which a particular stress management intervention is appropriate; (d) examines the mediators of change thereby increasing our understanding of the psychological mechanism underpinning outcome change. A framework is proposed to help guide future research into these issues."