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"Background: Saliva has many properties and the buffering capacity is important for the neutralization of oral fluids. It is unclear whether stressful conditions directly affect salivary buffering capacity, and we investigated the impact of physical stress on salivary buffering capacity.Methods: Twelve participants were subjected to the physical stress of jogging and running. The salivary buffering capacity and flow rate of the participants were measured before and after exposure to stressful conditions. Salivary α-amylase activity was measured as a quantitative index of stress.Results: No change in buffering capacity was detected among each time point during the whole course under physically stressful conditions. Next, we examined the change in buffering capacity after jogging compared to baseline. Six participants showed an increase in buffering capacity (Group A), while the other six participants showed a decrease or no change (Group B) after jogging. Group B showed a decrease in flow rate and increases in α-amylase activity and protein level after jogging, whereas Group A showed no changes in these properties.Conclusions: The results suggest that salivary buffering capacity changes following exposure to physically stressful conditions, and that the changes are dependent on the stress susceptibility of individuals."

"Saliva has many properties and the buffering capacity is important for the neutralization of oral fluids. It is unclear whether stressful conditions directly affect salivary buffering capacity, and we investigated the impact of physical stress on salivary buffering capacity. Methods: Twelve participants were subjected to the physical stress of jogging and running. The salivary buffering capacity and flow rate of the participants were measured before and after exposure to stressful conditions. Salivary α-amylase activity was measured as a quantitative index of stress.Results: No change in buffering capacity was detected among each time point during the whole course under physically stressful conditions. Next, we examined the change in buffering capacity after jogging compared to baseline. Six participants showed an increase in buffering capacity (Group A), while the other six participants showed a decrease or no change (Group B) after jogging. Group B showed a decrease in flow rate and increases in α-amylase activity and protein level after jogging, whereas Group A showed no changes in these properties. Conclusions: The results suggest that salivary buffering capacity changes following exposure to physically stressful conditions, and that the changes are dependent on the stress susceptibility of individuals."

"Latar BelakangPrevalensi penyalahguna narkotika di Indonesia mencapai 3,8-4,2 juta jiwa. Derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar saliva dapat menjadi parameter kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Masih terbatasnya penelitian yang menggambarkan derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar saliva pada penyalahguna narkotika di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui profil derajat keasaman (pH) dan kapasitas dapar saliva pada penyalahguna narkotika.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan desain penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan melalui studi pada 203 orang residen di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional Lido - Jawa Barat. Analisis saliva dilakukan dengan Saliva-check buffer kit merk GC.Hasil Penelitian: 69,0% residen memiliki pH saliva tanpa stimulasi normal, 95,6% residen memiliki pH saliva terstimulasi normal, dan 48,3% residen memiliki kapasitas dapar saliva rendah.Pembahasan: Penelitian ini memperlihatkan nilai pH saliva dengan rerata normal, namun kapasitas dapar saliva cenderung rendah, dimungkinkan karena kapasitas dapar saliva tidak hanya ditentukan oleh pH saliva saja. Berbagai faktor yang turut berperan dalam kinerja kapasitas dapar saliva diantaranya: sistem dapar protein, fosfat, dan karbonat, laju aliran saliva, aktivitas karbonik anhidrase VI, maupun kondisi kelenjar saliva. Hal ini membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut.Kesimpulan: Residen Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN memiliki profil pH saliva tanpa stimulasi dan terstimulasi kategori rerata normal, sedangkan profil kapasitas dapar saliva kategori rerata rendah.

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The prevalence of drug abuse in Indonesia reached 3.8 to 4.2 million people. The salivary pH and buffering are some of oral health parameters. There are limited research describing salivary pH and buffering capacity in drug abusers in Indonesia.

Objective: To determine the salivary pH and buffering capacity in drug abusers.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with descriptive research design through a study conducted in 203 residents of Rehabilitation Center of the National Narcotics Agency Lido - West Java. Salivary samples were analyzed using GC saliva-check buffer kit.

Results: 69.0% of residents had normal unstimulated salivary pH, 95.6% of residents had normal stimulated salivary pH, while 48.3% of residents had a relatively low salivary buffering capacity.

Discussion: This study showed that the BNN residents had normal salivary pH values, but tend to had low buffering capacity, possibly because the salivary buffering capacity not solely determined by the salivary pH. There are various factors that contribute to buffering capacity of saliva, including the protein, phosphate, and carbonate buffering system, salivary flow rate, the activity of carbonic anhydrase VI, and salivary gland condition. This still needs further research.

Conclusion: Residents of Rehabilitation Center of the National Narcotics Agency Lido - West Java showed had normal unstimulated and stimulated salivary pH, while having low salivary buffering capacity."

"Latar Belakang: Peningkatan radikal bebas dapat memicu kerusakan jaringan dan menyebabkan berbagai penyakit, oleh karena itu tubuh dapat mencegahnya dengan memproduksi antioksidan. Pada perokok, dapat terjadi peningkatan radikal bebas dari komponen kimia berbahaya tembakau, yang manifestasinya dapat terlihat dari berbagai kelainan di rongga mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaaan profil kesehatan rongga mulut serta kapasitas antioksidan total saliva pada perokok dan bukan perokok, serta mengetahui apakah profil kesehatan rongga mulut mempengaruhi kapasitas antioksidan total saliva perokok. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan 95 orang subjek, yang terdiri dari 51 perokok dan 44 bukan perokok, yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subjek diminta untuk mengisi data demografis dan kuesioner, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis dan pengambilan saliva. Profil kesehatan rongga mulut didapatkan dengan melakukan pengukuran menggunakan indeks OHI-S, DMF-T, PBI, nilai pH dan laju alir saliva, serta pemeriksaan jaringan lunak rongga mulut. Sampel saliva dianalisis di laboratorium untuk mengetahui kapasitas antioksidan total dan seluruh data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS. Hasil Penelitian: Profil rongga mulut pada perokok, khususnya pH dan DMF-T, berbeda secara statistik dengan bukan perokok (p< 0,05). Rerata kapasitas antioksidan total saliva perokok lebih rendah daripada bukan perokok, namun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Terdapat korelasi linier negatif sedang yang bermakna secara statistik pada nilai laju alir saliva (r-0,417) dan pH saliva (r-0,348) dengan kapasitas antioksidan total dalam saliva (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan : Perokok lebih rentan mengalami karies dan penurunan pH saliva dibandingkan bukan perokok. Kapasitas antioksidan total dalam saliva perokok lebih rendah daripada bukan perokok, namun perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna secara statistik. Pada perokok, bila terjadi penurunan nilai laju alir saliva dan pH, maka akan terjadi peningkatan kapasitas antioksidan total dalam saliva dan demikian sebaliknya.

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Background: Free radicals enhancement could lead to tissue damage and developed various illnesses, though the body prevents it by antioxidant production. Smokers may experience free radicals escalation caused by deleterious chemical compound of tobacco, which can manifest as various oral cavity abnormalities. Objectives: To compare the oral health profile and salivary total antioxidant capacity between smokers and nonsmokers, also to know whether oral health profiles affect the smokers’ salivary total antioxidant capacity. Methods: This was a cross sectional study with 95 subjects, consisted of 51 smokers and 44 non-smokers, who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were asked to fill the demographic data and questionnaire, then clinical examination was performed, and saliva was taken, then laboratory analyzed to determine the total antioxidant capacity. Oral health profile were examined using OHI-S, DMF-T, and PBI indexes, pH count, salivary flow rate, and oral cavity examination. The total data then was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Smokers’ oral health profile, especially salivary pH and DMF-T values, were statistically significant different from non-smokers’ (p<0.05). The mean value of salivary total antioxidant capacity in smokers was lower than nonsmokers, but there was no statistically difference. There was a moderate negative linear correlation with statistically significant results between salivary flow rate (r-0.417) and salivary pH (r-0.348) on salivary total antioxidant capacity in saliva (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Smokers were more susceptible to caries and decreased salivary pH than nonsmokers. The total antioxidant capacity in smokers’ was lower than non-smokers, but there was no statistically difference. If smokers experience a decrease in salivary flow rate and pH, there will be an increase in salivary total antioxidant capacity and vice versa."

"ABSTRAKPrevalensi penyakit kardiovaskular pada usia kerja semakin meningkat. Pekerja perkantoran cenderung memiliki kebiasaan kurang sehat yang merupakan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular, seperti kebiasaan makan yang tidak sehat, aktivitas fisik yang rendah/sedentary, dan tingkat stres tinggi. Diperlukan program promotif preventif di tempat kerja untuk memperbaiki kebiasaan buruk tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan kebiasaan makan, tingkat aktivitas fisik, dan tingkat stres pada pekerja setelah dilakukan Program Wellness Our Way (Program WOW).Desain penelitian menggunakan gabungan beberapa desain, yaitu pre post study , kross sektional komparatif, analisis kuasi eksperimental dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara mendalam. Jumlah sampel total sebanyak 79 orang, yang terdiri 39 orang pada kelompok WOW dan 40 orang pada kelompok non WOW. Pengambilan data menggunakan beberapa kuesioner, diantaranya kuesioner Food Frequency Questioner (FFQ) semikuantitatif, kuesioner Rapid Assesment Phisical Activity (RAPA), dan kuesioner Stress Diagnostic Survey.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Program WOW berhasil meningkatkan perbaikan tingkat aktivitas fisik secara signifikan (RR 2.91, CI 1.02-8.27) dan menurunkan tingkat stress dua komponen stressor kerja, yaitu beban berlebih kualitatif ( OR 3.28, CI 1.16-9.24) dan pengembangan karir (OR 2.97, CI 1.19-7.42). Akan tetapi program WOW kurang berhasil dalam memperbaiki kebiasaan makan (RR 1.96,CI 0.91-4.18).Saran bagi pekerja agar aktif mencari informasi kesehatan melalui media atau praktisi kesehatan, dan khusus bagi peserta WOW agar tetap aktif mengadakan diskusi kelompok. Bagi perusahaan agar mengadakan perbaikan pada program wellness dengan peserta yang lebih banyak dan melakukan penyegaran kembali atau evaluasi sesudah 4-6 bulan program selesai.

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ABSTRACTThe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in working age is increasing. Office workers tend to have less healthy habits that are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as unhealthy eating habits, low physical activity / sedentary, and high stress levels. Needed a preventive promotive programs in the workplace to improve these poor habits. The purpose of this study was to determine the improve in eating habits, physical activity level, and stress levels among workers after Wellness Our Way Programs (WOW Program).The study design using a combination of design, that are pre post study, comparative kross sektional, quasi-experimental analysis and complemented by depth interviews. Total samples are 79 people, consist of 39 people at WOW group and 40 people at non-WOW group. Retrieving data used several questionnaire, including semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), Rapid Assessment Phisical Activity (RAPA) questionnaires and Stress Diagnostic Survey questionnaires.The results showed that the WOW Program succeeded in increasing improvements in physical activity levels significantly (RR 2.91, CI 1:02 to 8:27) and lowered the stress level of components work stressor qualitative excess burden (OR 3:28, 1:16 to 9:24 CI) and career development (OR 2.97, CI 1:19 to 7:42). But the WOW Programs was less succesful in improving eating habits (RR 1.96, CI 0.91-4.18).Suggest for workers in general are in order to actively seek health information through the media or health care practitioner, and specifically for participants of WOW programs to stay active in discussion groups. For the company to improve the upcoming Wellness program with a wider range of participants and conduct refresher or evaluation after 4-6 months of program completion"

"The research studies the impact of water level control structures on self-assimilative capacity of rivers and on fish habitat. Constructing a water level control structure in a river reach will alter its hydraulics as well as its water quality, thermal regine and fish habitat...."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengaruh Pendidikan Profesional Berkelanjutan PPL dan Audit Capacity Stress ACS terhadap kualitas audit. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan analisis regresi logistik binomial dengan SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PPL berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas audit dengan 3 pengukuran ukuran Kantor Akuntan Publik KAP yang berbeda yaitu KAP Big 4, KAP Big 20, dan KAP yang bekerjasama dengan Kantor Akuntan Publik Asing KAPA / Organisasi Audit Asing OAA . Audit Capacity Stress berpengaruh negatif terhadap kualitas audit dengan pengukuran KAP Big 20 dan KAP yang bekerjasama dengan KAPA/OAA. Sedangkan untuk ukuran KAP Big 4, audit capacity stress ditemukan tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap kualitas audit. Implikasi dari penelitian ini bahwa regulator perlu membatasi jumlah klien yang ditangani oleh Akuntan Publik per tahunnya agar kualitas audit dapat tetap terjaga.

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This study investigates the influence of Continuing Professional Education CPE and Audit Capacity Stress ACS on Audit Quality. This study uses binomial logistic regression using SPSS 20 software. The results show that CPE has positive significant influence to audit quality in three different measurements with regards to the size of Public Accounting Firms that are Big 4 Accounting Firms, Big 20 Accounting Firms and International Accounting Firm Affiliations. Audit Capacity Stress is found to have significant negative influence in Big 20 Accounting Firms and International Accounting Firm Affiliations. While in Big 4 Accounting Firms, Audit Capacity Stress is found to have no impact on audit quality. Implication from this study is that there should be regulations regarding the maximum number of clients per Public Accountant per year in order to mantain audit quality."

"In this paper, we perform combination methods of semi-empirical research, a theoretical approach, and force-matching to determine the optimum adsorption capacity on an open-ended single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as a diameter function. Using a semi-empirical study, we can determine the value of monolayer coverage and isosteric heat of adsorption from available thermodynamic data. By completing the semi-empirical study, we carried out quantum mechanical calculations to determine the adsorption energy on the interior and exterior of SWCNTs. Furthermore, monolayer coverage, specific surface area, and maximum adsorption capacity as the main quantity in the adsorption process was estimated using the combination method of force-matching and a classical Lennard-Jones potential model. Hydrogen physisorption was investigated on zig-zag SWCNTs at conditions for a pressure range of 0.1 to 10 MPa at 233 K and 298.15 K temperature. The adsorption of all data can be explained with the Toth model. The results shows the SWCNT exterior physisorption energy range between 1.35 to 1.62 kcal/mol. The interior range from 1.22 to 2.43 kcal/mol. With a wide degree of temperature and pressure variations, we obtained an optimum SWCNT diameter of 8-12 Å . At the optimum diameter maximum adsorption capacity, we achieved 1.75 wt% at 233 K and an operating pressure of 10 MPa."

"Olahraga merupakan aktivator stimulus simpatis yang dapat mempengaruhi sekresi saliva sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan viskositas dan konsentrasi protein saliva, salah satunya Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh S. mutans-binding salivary protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm Streptococcus gordonii. Metode: Pemilihan subjek pelari dan nonpelari ditetapkan berdasarkan metode subjektif melalui riwayat lari dan metode objektif melalui pengukuran VO2max. S. mutans-binding salivary protein didapatkan melalui interaksi protein saliva pelari dan nonpelari dengan bakteri S. mutans. Uji pertumbuhan biofilm bakteri S. gordonii ATCC 10558T dilakukan dengan pewarnaan crystal violet. Data yang didapat kemudian dianalisis dengan uji statistik menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA. Hasil: Pertumbuhan biofilm S. gordonii pada S. mutans-binding salivary protein pelari meningkat tetapi tidak signifikan p>0.05 baik pada waktu 3 jam maupun 24 jam. Pertumbuhan biofilm S. gordonii pada S. mutans-binding salivary protein nonpelari tidak signifikan p>0.05 pada waktu 3 jam kemudian meningkat signifikan p 0.05 pada waktu 24 jam. Kesimpulan: S. mutans-binding salivary protein dari subjek pelari tidak memiliki pengaruh dalam menghambat pertumbuhan biofilm S. gordonii, sedangkan protein saliva dari subjek nonpelari efektif memfasilitasi pada fase maturasi.

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Physical exercise is a strong activator of sympathetic stimuli which may affect salivary secretion by increasing viscosity and concentration of salivary protein, including Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein. Salivary protein may act as antimicrobial agent or may facilitate the growth of biofilm.

Objective: to analyze the impact of S. mutans binding salivary protein from runners and from non runners to biofilm growth of S. gordonii.

Methods: Runners and non runners were selected based on running history and VO2max test. S. mutans binding salivary protein was obtained through the interaction of runners and non runners salivary protein with S. mutans. Biofilm growth assay of S. gordonii ATCC 10558T was conducted using crystal violet staining. The data obtained was statistically tested using One way ANOVA test.

Results: Biofilm growth of S. gordonii in runners group is insignificantly increased p 0.05 either in three hour or twenty four hour incubation. Meanwhile, biofilm growth of S. gordonii in non runners group is significantly increased after twenty four hour incubation p 0.05 .

Conclusion: S. mutans binding salivary protein from runners has no inhibition effect on biofilm growth of S. gordonii, while that from non runners facilitates biofilm growth of S. gordonii at maturation phase. "