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"In 2000 a cephalometric survey has been done on both genders of Javanese, Bataks and Chinese students at the University of Indonesia (UI), the Indonesian Christian University (UKI) and the Christian University of Jakarta (UKRIDA) with the aim to detect their cephalometric characteristics patterns and the degree of their secular changes with their ancestors. Cephalometric parameters were measured as follows: the maximal head length (glabellaopisthocranion), the maximal head breadth (euryon-euryon), the minimal forehead breadth (frontotemporalefrontotemporale), the morphological facial height (suborbitale-gnathion), the bizygomatic breadth (zygion-zygion) and the bi-gonion breadth (gonion gonion). In addition measurements were done on facial soft tissue factors such as the nasal height (suborbitale-subnasale) the nasal breadth (alare-alare), the ear length (superaurale-subaurale) and the ear breadth (preaurale-postaurale). The results were treated statistically using t test to obtain the degree of significance. It was determined that some cephalometric characteristics have undergone secular changes but both genders of Bataks, Javanese and Chinese students seemed to depict their retainment of their respective ancestors cephalometric characteristics, consequently their cephalometric characteristic differences were still detectable."

"Setiap kelompok masyarakat, institusi, atau komunitas tentunya memilikikebudayaannya masing-masing. Kebudayaan ini meliputi berbagai perangkatnilai, norma, kebiasaan, dan tata cara yang dijadikan pedoman oleh anggotanyadalam berperilaku. SMAN 70 Jakarta sebagai sebuah sekolah juga memilikiperangkat nilai, norma, kebiasaan, dan tata cara berperilaku yang terwujud dalamberbagai bentuk peraturan. Hanya saja, dalam kalangan siswa, peraturan yangmereka kenal tidak hanya peraturan resmi dari pihak sekolah, namun terdapat pulaaturan-aturan informal yang mengatur dan mempengaruhi keseharian merekadalam pergaulan di sekolah.Atruran main ini hadir dan terwujud dalam interaksi sosial yang dilakukandalam pergaulan keseharian siswa. Meskipun seringkali bertentangan denganaturan formal dari sekolah yang disadari siswa harus dipatuhi, namun merekatidak dapat meninggalkan praktik aturan main yang sudah berlangsung bertahuntahudari angkatan siswa sebelumnya.Penelitian skripsi ini menggunakan metodekualitatif dan fokus membahas mengenai ragam aturan main yang berlaku diSMAN 70 serta operasionalisasi peraturan tersebut di dalam keseharian siswa."

"Penelitian ini menggambarkan Pelaksanaan Program BSM bagi siswa-siswa tidak mampu di MAN 19 Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi, menggunakan metode penelitian pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisa berdasarkan pedoman petunjuk teknis pelaksanaan program BSM yang diterbitkan oleh Dirjen Pendidikan Islam Kementerian Agama RI 2015. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa pelaksanaan program belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan petunjuk teknis program. Peneliti menyarankan agar dibuat sejumlah perbaikan pada program BSM yang ada agar program dapat lebih baik lagi dan lebih bermanfaat kedepannya

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This Research describes the Implementation of the BSM (Poor Students Aid) for financially underprivileged students in MAN 19 Jakarta. This Research is an evaluation study using qualitative approach of research method with analysis technique based on the guiding principles of technical implementation of BSM which published by Dirjen Pendis Kemenag RI 2015. From the Results of the Research is Noted that the Implementation of the Program is not yet Fully in Accordance of technical guidelines. The Researcher suggests to create a number of improvements to the existing BSM Program in order to be better and more useful in the future."

"ABSTRAKINTRODUCTION: Diabetes has become a major public health concern with an estimated 180million cases worldwide. Nutritional changes are one of the key aspects in the management oftype 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have suggested an association between vegetariandiets and improvements in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, however the relationshipis not well established. The aim of this report is to perform a critical appraisal to analyze whetherplant-based diet reduces the HbA1c level compared to conventional diet.METHODS: A comprehensive computer-based literature search was performed on June 20, 2016using PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. All abstracts and titles from the initialsearch results were screened, reviewed, and appraised using critical appraisal worksheets byCenter of Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford.RESULTS: One systematic review and two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusioncriteria and were considered eligible for this case report. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,HbA1c reduction was significantly greater in the plant-based group compared to conventionaldiet group in participants who did not change medications after 22 weeks of follow up (P=0.01).Similarly, there was also a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c level in the plant-based groupafter 72 weeks (P=0.03). Furthermore, consumption of plant-based diet was associated with asignificant reduction in HbA1c (P=0.001).CONCLUSION: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c reduction was greater in patientswith plant-based diet compared to patients with conventional diet. Further research should beconducted with larger sample size and fasting blood glucose as the main outcome."

"Program Bantuan Siswa Miskin (BSM) mulai diterapkan tahun 2008 hingga 2014, sebelum akhirnya dikembangkan dalam Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) hingga saat ini. Program ini menggunakan skema transfer bersyarat untuk siswa dari rumah tangga miskin dan rentan miskin pada jenjang dasar, menengah, dan perguruan tinggi. Berbagai literatur menemukan bahwa program ini mampu meningkatkan angka partisipasi sekolah, pencapaian siswa, serta pengeluaran biaya pendidikan di level rumah tangga. Namun, saat ini belum terdapat penelitian yang mengukur dampak program BSM terhadap pengeluaran biaya pendidikan pada level individu atau siswa berdasarkan jenjang sekolah di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data pooled cross-section yang diperoleh dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2000, 2007, dan 2014, penelitian ini menguji pengaruh program pada ketiga jenjang pendidikan yaitu SD/sederajat, SMP/sederajat, dan SMA/sederajat serta karakteristik siswa, rumah tangga, dan sekolah sebagai variabel bebas. Melalui perpaduan metode Propensity Score Matching (PSM) dan regresi, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa program BSM memiliki pengaruh pada pengeluaran biaya pendidikan siswa di jenjang SMA/sederajat lebih tinggi sebesar 8,5 persen. Namun, program ini tidak berpengaruh pada siswa di jenjang SD/sederajat dan SMP/sederajat. Dari hasil estimasi tersebut, penelitian ini melihat perbandingan rata-rata pengeluaran biaya pendidikan antara penerima dan nonpenerima BSM, serta nilai manfaat yang diterima. Hasilnya, siswa SMA/sederajat menggunakan hampir separuh nilai transfer untuk keperluan pendidikan. Sementara itu, program BSM terhadap pengeluaran biaya pendidikan pada SD/sederajat dan SMP/sederajat tidak dapat diukur dikarenakan hasil estimasi regresi yang tidak signifikan.

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The Cash Transfers for Poor Students Program (Bantuan Siswa Miskin/BSM) was implemented from 2008 to 2014, before finally being refined in the Smart Indonesia Program (Program Indonesia Pintar/PIP) until now. This program used a conditional transfer scheme for students from poor and vulnerable households at the elementary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Various literatures have found that this program was able to increase school participation rates, student achievement, and education expenditure at the household level. However, there is currently no research that measures the impact of the BSM program on education expenditure at the individual or student level based on school level in Indonesia. Using pooled cross-sectional data obtained from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2000, 2007 and 2014, this study examines the effect of BSM program on three levels of education or equivalent, namely elementary, junior high school, and high school with the characteristics of students, households, and schools as independent variables. By combining Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and regression methods, this study found that the BSM program had a 8,5 percent positive association on student education expenditure in the high school. However, BSM program did not have an effect on students at the elementary and junior high school level. From the results of these estimates, this study examines the effect of the BSM program on the average education expenditure by its recipients. As a result, BSM students in high school allocated nearly half of the benefit values for educational needs. However, the effects of BSM program on elementary and junior high school students cannot be measured due to insignificant estimation results of regression."