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"Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) leaves contain flavone derivatives that exhibit anti-hyperglycemic effects. This study aims to determine the effect of starfruit leaves in reducing glucose absorption in intestinal epithelial cells of mice.Methods: This study was done by performing perfusion on the small intestines of mice. The mice that were used in this study were divided into four groups. The control group was given glucose solution without infused starfruit leaves whereas, the remaining 3 groups were given 3 mmol (540 mg/dL) glucose solution with infused starfruit leaves of varying concentrations; 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Samples were collected at 0, 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th minute. The sample was tested for glucose levels using spectrophotometry.Results: Test of significance showed a significant difference between the control group and the test group with p < 0.05.Conclusions: Starfruit leaves have a reduction effect towards glucose absorption in the small intestines in Wistar strains where the group using 600 mg/kg of infusedstarfruit leaves have the most significant effect as compared to other groups."

"Background: Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) leaves contain flavone derivatives that exhibit anti-hyperglycemiceffects. This study aims to determine the effect of starfruit leaves in reducing glucose absorption in intestinal epithelialcells of mice. Methods: This study was done by performing perfusion on the small intestines of mice. The mice thatwere used in this study were divided into four groups. The control group was given glucose solution without infusedstarfruit leaves whereas, the remaining 3 groups were given 3 mmol (540 mg/dL) glucose solution with infused starfruitleaves of varying concentrations; 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Samples were collected at 0, 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th minute.The sample was tested for glucose levels using spectrophotometry. Results: Test of significance showed a significantdifference between the control group and the test group with p < 0.05. Conclusions: Starfruit leaves have a reductioneffect towards glucose absorption in the small intestines in Wistar strains where the group using 600 mg/kg of infusedstarfruit leaves have the most significant effect as compared to other groups."

"Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan kelainan metabolik yang terjadi karena penurunan sensitifitas insulin. Latihan fisik mempunyai peranan penting dalam manajemen diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan rentang gerak sendi aktif terhadap kadar glukosa darah penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang menggunakan desain one group pretest-posttest dengan jumlah sampel 37 orang yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada ruang perawatan penyakit dalam RSUD Pasar Minggu. Responden diberikan intervensi latihan rentang gerak sendi aktif selama 30 menit yang dilakukan 2 jam setelah makan yang diperkirakan antara jam 09.00-10.00 WIB. Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu responden dilakukan sebelum dan segera setelah latihan rentang gerak sendi aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan rentang gerak sendi aktif yang signifikan terhadap kadar glukosa darah sewaktu penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2 antara sebelum dan setelah latihan (p=0,000; α 0,05). Namun, disarankan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh latihan ini dengan meningkatkan frekuensi latihan dan mempertimbangkan jenis pengobatan diabetes responden.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that occurs due to decreased insulin sensitivity. Physical exercise plays an important role in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a decreases blood glucose levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of active range of motion exercises on the blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research is an experimental study used the one group pretest-posttest design. Thirty seven respondents were selected using consecutive sampling technique in general ward in Pasar Minggu Hospital. Respondents were given 30-minute active range of motion exercise which were carried out 2 hours after meals which were estimated between 09.00-10.00 WIB. Blood glucose level was measured before and immediately after active range of motion exercise. The results showed that active range of motion exercises had a significant effect in reducing blood glucose levels of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus between before and after exercise (p = 0,000; α 0,05). However, it is recommended to evaluate the effect of this exercise by increasing the frequency of exercise and considering the type of diabetes treatment respondents."

"Latar Belakang: IBD saat ini merupakan epidemi global. Prevalensi IBD di Indonesia adalah 1,16% hingga 26,5%. Mucin-1 melindungi permukaan epitel usus besar. Namun inflamasi menyebabkan terjadinya overekspresi Mucin-1 dan berkontribusi pada progresi kanker. Lunasin dari kedelai telah terbukti dapat mengurangi inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah Lunasin dapat menurunkan kadar Mucin-1. Metode: Hewan coba yang digunakan adalah mencit Swiss Webster, jantan, usia 12 minggu, BB 25 g yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu Normal, Negatif (Terinduksi DSS 2%), Kelompok Perlakuan 1 dan 2 merupakan kelompok yang diinduksi DSS dan diberi terapi Lunasin 12,5 mg atau 25 mg/hari. Setelah 6 minggu perlakuan, mencit dimatikan dan jaringan usus besarnya diambil. Pewarnaan imunohistokimia akan memberikan coklat kekuningan untuk Mucin-1. Kemudian pewarnaan ini akan difoto menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan program Indomikromme. Setelah itu, kadar Mucin-1 akan dianalisis menggunakan plugin profiler IHC ImageJ. ‘ Hasil: Uji ANOVA p<0,05. Tes post hoc kelompok normal dengan tiga kelompok lainnya nilai p<0.05. Kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kelompok perlakuan 1 menunjukkan nilai p=0.168 dibanding pada kelompok perlakuan 2 dengan nilai p=0.045. Kelompok perlakuan 1 dan 2 memperlihatkan nilai p=0.872. Kesimpulan: Lunasin dosis menurunkan konsentrasi dan kuantitas Mucin-1 pada sel epitel kolon Crypts of Lieberkühn , namun tidak terlalu berpengaruh pada dosis yang diberikan.

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Background: IBD is a global epidemic. Indonesia has a 1.16-26% IBD prevalence. IBD can cause colorectal cancer. Mucin-1 protects the large intestine epithelium. However, inflammation overexpresses Mucin-1, which promotes malignancy. Soybean rich-lunasin decreases colitis. This study measures Mucin-1 levels to see if Lunasin reduces colon Mucin-1. Methods: Swiss Webster mice, 12 weeks old, 25 g, were utilised as experimental animals and separated into four groups: Normal, Negative (2 % DSS-induced), Treatment Groups 1 and 2, induced by DSS and administered Lunasin, 12.5 mg or 25 mg/day respectively. The lege artist method uses mice with large intestinal tissue on glass slides. Mucin-1 positive, H&E-stained slides are yellowish-brown. Next, we will photograph the staining with a light microscope and Indomicromme. Next, the IHC ImageJ plugin profiler will check Mucin-1 levels. Result: This study used unpaired numerical comparison. Normality, ANOVA, and post hoc tests were used on the four groups. Shapiro-Wilk normality test p>0.05. P<0.05 in ANOVA. The post hoc test compared the standard group to the other three groups with a p<0.05. The negative group's p-value for treatment group 1 was 0.168, whereas group 2's was 0.045. p=0.872 for treatment groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: Lunasin dose lowered Mucin-1 expression in Crypts of Lieberkühn colonic epithelial cells but did not significantly affect the dose."

"Green tea contains catechins that have inhibitory effects on amylase, sucrase, and sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) which result in lowering of postprandial blood glucose (PBG). This beneficial effect has been widely demonstrated using the usual dose (UD) of green tea preparation. Our study was aimed to explore futher lowering of PBG using high dose (HD) of green in healthy adolescents. 24 subjects received 100 mL infusion of either 0.67 or 3.33 grams of green tea with test meal. Fasting, PBG at 30, 60, 120 minutes were measured. Subjects were cross-overed after wash out. PBG and its incremental area under the curve (IAUC) difference between groups were analyzed with paired T-test. Cathecin contents of tea were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The PBG of HD group was lower compared to UD (at 60 minutes =113.70+-13.20 vs 124.16 +-8.17 mg/dL, p=0.005; at 120 minutes =88.95 +-6.13 vs 105.25 +-13.85 mg/dL, p < 0.001). The IAUC of HD was also found to be lower compared to UD (2022.0 vs 3411.9 min.mg/dL, p <0.001). Additional benefit of lowering PBG can be achieved by using higher dose of green tea. This study recommends preparing higher dose of green tea drinks for better control of PBG. "

"Infeksi parasit usus merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan terbesar di dunia. Masalah infeksi cacing soil transmitted helminth dan protozoa paling banyak terjadi pada anak usia sekolah. Infeksi parasit usus ini erat kaitannya dengan kebiasaan penggunaan tempat buang air besar. Kebiasaan buang air besar yang tidak pada tempatnya dapat menyebabkan kontaminasi tanah maupun air disekitarnya, sehingga meningkatkan kejadian infeksi parasit usus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi parasit usus pada anak-anak di TPA Bantargebang, Bekasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode cross-sectional pada 139 anak usia 0-13 tahun yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Data yang diambil dari responden berupa data primer melalui pengisian kuisioner dan pemeriksaan feses.Kemudian data diolah menggunakan spss 11.5 for windows. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah infeksi parasit usus dan kebiasaan tempat buang air besar yang dianalisis dengan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian didapat angka infeksi parasit usus pada anakanak di TPA Bantargebang sebesar 74,1%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara penggunaan tempat buang air besar dengan infeksi parasit usus (P>0,05).

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Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the biggest health problem in the world. The soil transmitted helminth and intestinal protozoa infections most common in schoolage children. Intestinal parasitic infection is closely related with toilet usage behavior. Defecation at the wrong places can lead to contamination of the surrounding soil and water, thereby increasing the incidence of intestinal parasitic infection. The aim of this study to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in children at landfill Bantargebang. This study was conducted with a crosssectional method on 139 children aged 0-13 years were taken by consecutive sampling. Data taken from respondent was primary data through questionnaire and stool examination.

Then the data was processed using spss 11.5 for windows. Variable in this study are the intestinal parasitic infection and the toilet usage behavior. This data was analyzed by chi-square test. The result show the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children at landfill Bantargebang is 74,1%. The result also showed no significant association between toilet usage and intestinal parasitic infection (P>0,05)."

"[Infeksi parasit usus dapat mengganggu tumbuh kembang anak danmempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensiinfeksi parasit usus pada anak sekolah dasar di Bekasi pada tahun 2012 danhubungannya dengan tingkat pengetahuan tentang perilaku hidup bersih sehat(PHBS). Penelitian cross sectional ini dilakukan di sekolah dasar negri (SDN) danmadrasah ibtidaiyah (MI) di Bekasi. Data diambil pada bulan April 2012 denganmenggunakan kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan mengenai PHBS dan pemeriksaanfeses secara langsung. Semua murid yang hadir dijadikan subyek penelitian(metode total sampling). Dari 130 sampel feses, 64,6% positif terinfeksi parasitusus yaitu B.hominis (43,1%), E. coli (3,1%), G. lamblia (3,1%), H. nana (2,3%),B. hominis dan E. coli (3,1%), B. hominis dan G. lamblia (8,5%), B. hominis dan T.trichiura (0,8%), B. hominis, E. coli, T. trichiura dan H. nana (0,8%). Hanya 3responden (2,3%) yang memiliki pengetahuan baik mengenai PHBS sedangkan 72responden (55,4%) berpengetahuan sedang dan 55 responden (42,3%) memilikipengetahuan kurang. Uji chi square menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p=0,043)sehingga disimpulkan infeksi parasit usus berhubungan dengan tingkatpengetahuan PHBS., Intestinal parasitic infection can interfere children’s growth and developmentwhich will affect their quality of life. The purpose of this research is to find out theprevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among primary school children in Bekasiin 2012 and its association with knowledge level about clean and healthy livingbehaviour (PHBS). This cross sectional study is conducted in national primaryschool (SDN) and Islamic primary school in Bekasi (MI). Data is obtained on April2012 by using questionnaire consisted of questions about PHBS and direct stoolexamination. All present students are involved (total sampling method). Out of 130stool samples, 64,6% samples are positively infected by intestinal parasite asfollows: B.hominis (43,1%), E. coli (3,1%), G. lamblia (3,1%), H. nana (2,3%), B.hominis and E. coli (3,1%), B. hominis and G. lamblia (8,5%), B. hominis and T.trichiura (0,8%), B. hominis, E. coli, T. trichiura and H. nana (0,8%). Only 3respondents (2,3%) have high PHBS knowledge while 72 respondents (55,4%)have medium PHBS knowledge and 55 respondents (42,3%) have low PHBSknowledge. Chi square test shows significant difference (p=0,043) therefore it issummarized that intestinal parasitic infection relates with level of PHBS knowledge.]"

"Objective: Cancer is a disease that gets serious attention in the medical world. This is due to the ever increasing number of patients and there has been no effective way to treat. Cancer cells have telomerase activity is relatively high compared to normal cells, so the cancer cells have the ability to continue to proliferate. Cancer cells undergo uncontrolled mitosis and have high telomerase activity compared to cells normal. Telomerase is an enzyme responsible for telomere length, a segment of DNA that is the tip of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. Telomeres are associated with the process of aging and carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of telomerase in some cells such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, and lung cancer. Methods: The research method is experimental studies in several cancer cell cultures in the form of cell line. Cancer cells used were: HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF7 and T47D (breast cancer), WiDr (lung cancer), and Raji (lymphoma) with culture medium RPMI, DMEM, and M199. Vero cells is used (fibroblast cells) as a control (normal cells). Expression of telomerase enzyme was measured by the Immunohystochemistry (IHC) method. Results: The results showed that the cancer cells have activity/higher telomerase expression were highly significant (p<0.01) compared to normal cells (Vero cells). Similarly, the expression of telomerase in HeLa versus WiDr, WiDr versus T47D, T47D versus Raji, and Raji versus MCF7 also showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01). Telomerase expression between cancer cells that showed significant difference (HeLa cells versus Raji cells; HeLa cells versus MCF7 cell; T47D cells versus MCF7 cells) (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the group of HeLa cells versus T47D, WiDr versus Raji cells, and WiDr versus MCF7. Conclusions: It was concluded, that the cancer cells have telomerase expression of specific and different from each other, depending on the type of cell. T47D breast cancer cells have telomerase expression of the highest, followed by cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Lung cancer cells (WiDr) with cell lymphoma (Raji) has almost the same expression and both have lower expression.;"

"Latar belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan bentuk kanker yang paling sering ditemukan pada wanita. Jamur putih (Tremella fuciformis) menjadi kandidat agen terapi kimia karena memiliki berbagai kandungan fitokimia yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan agen sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui komponen senyawa fitokimia, aktivitas antioksidan, serta aktivitas sitotoksik Tremella fuciformis sebagai inhibitor sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Metode: Maserasi dan ekstraksi Tremella fuciformis dilakukan menggunakan pelarut polar, semipolar, dan nonpolar (etanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana). Komponen fitokimia ekstrak Tremella fuciformis dianalisis melalui uji fitokimia, analisis kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid, serta kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Evaluasi aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak Tremella fuciformis dilakukan dengan menggunakan DPPH dan evaluasi aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel MCF-7 dilakukan dengan metode MTT. Hasil: Ekstrak etanol dan etil asetat Tremella fuciformis mengandung flavonoid dan triterpenoid, sedangkan ekstrak n-heksana mengandung glikosida dan triterpenoid. Kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid ditemukan lebih tinggi pada ekstrak etil asetat dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol. Uji KLT menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima komponen senyawa pada ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksana, serta tiga komponen senyawa pada ekstrak etanol. Aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat aktif ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etil asetat (IC50 = 44,64 µg/mL) dan aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etanol (IC50 = 367,87 µg/mL). Ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksana menghasilkan efek sitotoksik moderat terhadap sel MCF-7 dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 39,04 µg/ml dan 43,2 µg/ml, sedangkan ekstrak etanol menghasilkan efek sitotoksik yang lemah dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 154,87 µg/ml. Simpulan: Ekstrak Tremella fuciformis berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen terapi mutakhir dalam tata laksana kanker payudara.

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer found in women. White fungus (Tremella fuciformis) is a candidate for the therapeutic agent because it contains various phytochemical components that potentially become antioxidants and cytotoxic agents against cancer cells.

Aim: To determine the phytochemical components, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic activity of Tremella fuciformis against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Methods: Maceration and extraction of Tremella fuciformis were done using polar, semipolar, and nonpolar solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane). The phytochemical components were analyzed through phytochemical tests, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The evaluation of antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH while the evaluation of cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells was carried out using the MTT method.

Result: The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Tremella fuciformis contained flavonoids and triterpenoids, while the n-hexane extract contained glycosides and triterpenoids. The TLC test showed that there were five compounds in the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, and three compounds in the ethanol extract. Highly active antioxidant activity was shown in the ethyl acetate extract (IC50 = 44.64 g/mL) and weak activity was shown in the ethanol extract (IC50 = 367.87 g/mL). The ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract had moderate cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 39.04 g/ml and 43.2 g/ml, respectively). In addition, the ethanol extract had a weak cytotoxic effect (IC50 = 154.87 g/ml.)

Conclusion: Tremella fuciformis has the potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic agent in the management of breast cancer."