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ABSTRACTBasic Geological Mapping, 5th Edition is an essential basic guide to field techniques in mapping geology. Now completely revised and updated the book retains the concise clarity which has made it an indispensable instant reference in its previous editions. It provides the reader with all the necessary practical information and techniques that they will need while carrying out work in the field, covering a wide spectrum of different conditions, needs and types of countries. This edition covers new developments in technology including Google Earth and the use of GPS. This is an ideal field guide to geological mapping for 2nd/​3rd year undergraduates of Geology, Hydrogeology and Geological Engineering."

"Wilayah Indonesia memiliki jajaran pegunungan berapi yang berpotensi besar menghasilkan sumber energi panas bumi. Salah satu wilayah yang memiliki sumber energi panas bumi yaitu terletak di Gunung Api Lawu. Energi panas bumi di Gunung Lawu hingga saat ini belum dilakukan eksplorasi dan ekploitasi secara maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui persebaran wilayah potensi panas bumi di Gunung Lawu serta mengkaji hubungan antara wilayah potensi panas bumi dengan kondisi kelurusan dan satuan litologinya. Metode yang dipakai adalah metode deteksi suhu tanah dengan saluran termal serta hillshading. Eksplorasi wilayah potensi panas bumi pada tahap awal dapat ditentukan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh dengan Citra Landsat 8 untuk mendeteksi panas radiasi yang ditimbulkan oleh energi panas bumi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan wilayah sebaran panas bumi di Gunung Lawu yang dominan terletak di sisi lereng sebelah selatan dan barat. Persebaran wilayah potensi panas bumi tersebut berasosiasi dengan keberadaan kelurusan yang rapat serta satuan litologi berupa lava aliran dan piroklastik

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Indonesia has the ring of fire that potentially produce geothermal energy. Mount Lawu is one of the biggest geothermal resources area in Java. At this research, geothermal potential areas is carried out using remote sensing technology based on Landsat 8 to detect the heat radiation of geothermal resources. This research aims to know the distribution of geothermal potential area and also study about the correlation between geothermal potential area with lineament and lithology unit. The method was used in this researh is detection heat anomalies using thermal infrared band and hillshading methods to interpret lineament. The heat anomalies distribution had been overlayed with lineament density and lithology unit to understand the spatial correlation. The result showed that distribution of geothermal potential areas at Mount Lawu spread at south west side of the slope. The distribution of geothermal potential area is associated with the existence of lineament density and lithology units such as lava flow and pyroclastic."

"Infrastruktur kabel bawah laut yang terletak pada permukaan dasar laut dapat terekspos oleh bencana geologis, tercatat beberapa kejadian gempa bumi menyebabkan putus atau rusaknya jaringan kabel bawah laut. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada identifikasi zona lemah geologis dengan mengidentifikasi keberadaan struktur patahan dan zona kemiringan lereng yang curam. Anomali gravitasi didapat dari data gravitasi satelit TOPEX kemudian dilakukan analisis derivatif seperti First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) dan Second Horizontal Derivative (SVD) sehingga letak dan jenis struktur patahan dapat teridentifikasi. Data Batimetri GEBCO digunakan dalam memetakan kemiringan lereng yang curam yang diketahui sebagai parameter control terjadinya longsor bawah laut. Integrasi terpadu dari peta turunan anomali gravitasi yang mengidentifikasi keberadaan struktur patahan, peta kecuraman lereng, ditambah dengan data penunjang peta sebaran gempa bumi BMKG dapat memetakan zona lemah geologis yang berpotensi menjadi letak terjadinya bencana geologis bawah laut. Peta integrasi terpadu dapat dijadikan referensi dalam perencanaan pemasangan lintasan kabel bawah laut dalam upaya mitigasi.

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Submarine cable infrastructure located on the surface of the seabed can be exposed to geological disasters, it is recorded that several earthquakes caused the break or damage of the submarine cable network. This study focuses on identifying geological weak zones by identifying the presence of fault structures and zones of steep slopes. Gravitational anomalies are obtained from the TOPEX satellite gravity data and then analyzed with First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) and Second Horizontal Derivative (SVD) method, so that the location and type of fault structure can be identified. GEBCO bathymetry data is used to map the steepness of the slopes, which are known as control parameters for the occurrence of submarine landslides. An integration of anomaly gravity derivative map that identifies the presence of fault structures, slope steepness maps, and supported with BMKG earthquake distribution map can be identified a geological weak zones that had the potential to be the location of submarine geological disasters. The integrated map can be used as a mitigation efforts reference for submarine cable lines installation plan."

"Estimation of land subsidence induced by groundwater extraction has been observed by some researcher using field instrumentation as well as a spatial mapping technique. Among the six Asian cities (Bangkok, Jakarta, Manila, Osaka, Seoul, Taipei and Tokyo), the rate of land subsidence in Jakarta is higher in the period 1900-2010 from the previous study. In order to improve appropriate monitoring system and the comprehensive result for subsidence measurement, tools for subsidence awareness-raising to government and society are needed. This paper aims to study a benchmark and sustainable countermeasure analysis of land subsidence induced by ground water extraction in urban areas of Jakarta city, using continuous monitoring system and integrated data management system. Measuring of land subsidence using field monitoring such as extensometer, leveling survey (GPS geodetic) and observation wells, was conducted in some location in North Jakarta from 1990 to 2016. The result from visual observation reached an average land subsidence rate 1.65 cm/year, while GPS geodetic measurement range from 0-12 cm/year. Monitoring from seven extensometer sensors installed in different borehole elevation reached subsidence 0.66 cm in average. Meanwhile, groundwater surface level ranged at 0.6 meters until 44 meters from surface and the deepest is in Bintaro - South Tangerang area. Data analysis conducted with computer simulation to investigate the inter-connection between land subsidence and groundwater extraction. Obviously, land subsidence has a strong associated with groundwater extraction. Integrated data management systems, including data sharing are needed to improve appropriate monitoring system of land subsidence in Jakarta. "

"Objek penelitian berada di lapangan Tangkuban Parahu yang diduga memiliki potensi cadangan panasbumi. Sedikitnya informasi dan penelitian mengenai lapangan panasbumi Tangkuban Parahu menjadikan salah satu problem eksplorasi panasbumi di daerah ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan studi pemetaan struktur geologi dengan cara mengintegrasikan data penginderaan jauh menggunakan data LiDAR' dan bawah permukaan dari data Magnetotellurik. Struktur geologi yang mengontrol sistem geothermal di Gunung Tangkuban Parahu kemungkinan didominasi oleh struktur lokal yang berasal dari struktur vulkanik dan tektonik berarah relatif barat-timur serta struktur kaldera kemungkinan berperan sebagai pembatas keberadaan sistem geothermal Tangkuban Parahu terutama di sisi selatan dan barat. Manifestasi yang ada di daerah penelitian berupa fumarole di Kawah Domas dan Kawah Ratu. Serta manifestasi berupa hot spring di area Kancah, Ciater, Batugede, Jabong, Batukapur dan Ciracas. Sehingga temperatur reservoir diperkirakan berada pada temperatur 240 ndash; 250oC. Hasil inversi 3D data MT menunjukan adanya pola updome di sekitar kompleks kawah Tangkuban Parahu. Pola resistivitas seperti ini kemungkinan berasosiasi dengan zona upflow. Sementara outflow dari sistem geothermal mengarah ke Kancah dan Ciater. Zona rekomendasi untuk 3 sumur pemboran ditentukan dengan memperhitungkan beberapa aspek yaitu adanya keberadaan zona patahan, temperatur tinggi, zona tidak asam dan berada di elevasi rendah.

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The object of research is in Tangkuban Parahu field that is suspected to have the potential of geothermal reserves. The lack of information and research on the Tangkuban Parahu geothermal field is one of the problems of geothermal exploration in this area. The purpose of this research is to study the mapping of geological structures by integrating remote sensing data using LiDAR and subsurface data from MT data. The geological structure that controls the geothermal system in Mount Tangkuban Parahu may be dominated by local structures originating from volcanic structures and tectonic trends relative to the West East and caldera structures likely to act as a barrier to the existence of Tangkuban Parahu geothermal system especially on the south and western sides. Manifestations that exist in the research area in the form of fumarole Kawah Domas and Kawah Ratu. And manifestations of hot spring in the area Kancah, Ciater, Batugede, Jabong, Batukapur and Ciracas. So the reservoir temperature is estimated to be at a temperature of 240 250oC. The inversion result of 3D MT data shows the updome pattern around Tangkuban Parahu crater complex. This resistivity pattern is probably associated with an upflow zone. While the outflow of the geothermal system leads to Kancah and Ciater. The recommendation zone for 3 drilling wells is determined by taking into account several aspects, namely the presence of fault zones, high temperatures, non acidic zones and at low elevations."

"Wilayah Panas Bumi “X” merupakan bagian dari Busur Banda bagian Vulkanik Dalam. Busur Banda ini merupakan hasil dari subduksi antara Lempeng Indo-Australia dengan Lempeng Eurasia sehingga menghasilkan zona vulkanik yang menguntungkan terbentuknya sistem panas bumi. Identifikasi struktur geologi penting untuk memetakan zona permeabilitas tinggi di Wilayah Panas Bumi “X”, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Identifikasi struktur geologi pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode gravitasi dan pemetaan kelurusan berdasarkan Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Data anomali Bouguer lengkap dipisahkan menjadi anomali residual dan anomali regionalnya menggunakan filter Moving Average (MVA). Berdasarkan analisis spektrum, kedalaman rata-rata dari zona anomali gravitasi regional adalah 49,44 km, sedangkan kedalaman zona anomali gravitasi residual rata-rata adalah 3,612 km. Berdasarkan pemetaan kelurusan berdasarkan DEM, teridentifikasi kelurusan struktur geologi yang sebagian besar menunjukkan orientasi timur laut-barat daya. Hal ini cocok dengan sesar yang teridentifikasi dari data anomali residual berdasarkan analisis derivatif yang sebagian besar menunjukkan orientasi yang hampir sama. Orientasi ini juga cocok dengan sesar yang dilaporkan pada peta geologi yang menunjukkan orientasi yang mirip. Selain itu, pemetaan kelurusan berdasarkan DEM mampu menunjukkan keterkaitan antara keberadaan mata air panas dengan zona yang memiliki nilai Fault and Fracture Density (FFD) tinggi serta keterkaitan antara zona FFD sedang hingga tinggi dengan keberadaan sesar yang dilaporkan oleh peta geologi. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan informasi mengenai zona permeabilitas tinggi yang berpotensi untuk diteliti lebih lanjut.

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The "X" Geothermal Area is part of the Inner Banda Volcanic Arc. This Banda Arc is the result of subduction between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, creating a favorable volcanic zone for the formation of geothermal systems. The identification of geological structures is crucial for mapping high-permeability zones in the "X" Geothermal Area, East Nusa Tenggara. In this study, the identification of geological structures was conducted using gravity methods and lineament mapping based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The complete Bouguer anomaly data was separated into residual and regional anomalies using a Moving Average (MVA) filter. Based on spectrum analysis, the average depth of the regional gravity anomaly zone was found to be 49.44 km, while the average depth of the residual gravity anomaly zone was 3.612 km. Based on lineament mapping from DEM, geological structures were identified predominantly showing a northeast-southwest orientation. This is consistent with the identified faults from the residual anomaly data through derivative analysis, which also exhibited a similar orientation. This orientation is also in agreement with reported faults on the geological map showing a similar orientation. Furthermore, lineament mapping from DEM was able to indicate the correlation between the presence of hot springs and zones characterized by high Fault and Fracture Density (FFD) values, as well as the correlation between moderate to high FFD zones and the reported faults on the geological map. This research also provides information regarding high-permeability zones that have the potential for further investigation."

"Tulehu terletak di bagian Timur pulau Ambon, Maluku. Tulehu merupakan daerah dengan prospek panasbumi yang tinggi. Suhu reservoir dari sistem tersebut diperkirakan mencapai lebih atau sama dengan 230oC. Sudah cukup banyak penelitian yang dilakukan disini untuk mengetahui kondisi geologi, geokimia, dan geofisika, sehingga datanya dapat dijadikan data pendukung pada penelitian ini. Interpretasi geologi tidak lepas dari interpretasi dan analisis struktur geologi dan litologi atau kelompok batuan yang menyusunnya. Penelitian ini akan menggambarkan kondisi geologi daerah Tulehu berdasarkan interpretasi remote sensing dan data hasil observasi lapangan yang sudah dilakukan berupa data struktur dan satuan litologi, selanjutnya akan dipadukan dengan data geokimia dan geofisika untuk membuat model konseptual geotermal WKP Tulehu, penentuan sistem geotermal, delineasi area prospek, hingga rekomendasi titik pemboran. Daerah penelitian berada pada daerah Suli, Tial, Tulehu, dan Waai, Kecamatan Salahutu, Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini diawali dengan interpretasi data remote sensing berupa citra Landsat 8, dan DEM yang diproses menggunakan software ArcGIS 10.2.1, untuk mendapatkan peta geologi tentatif. Peta tersebut kemudia digabungkan dengan data geologi untuk mendapatkan peta geologi yang lebih komprehensif sehingga dihasilkan bahwa sesar Banda dan sesar Huwe merupakan sesar normal yang membuat graben dengan area gunung Eriwakang yang mengalami depresi, satuan litologi penyusunnya terdiri atas tujuh satuan yang dibagi berdasarkan genesa dan satuan vulkanostratigrafi. Peta geologi yang lebih komprehensif dengan semua analisisnya kemudian digabungkan dengan data geokimia dan geofisika untuk mendapatkan gambaran model konseptual geotermal sehingga diketahui sistem geotermal WKP Tulehu merupakan system high enthalpy, liquid-dominated system. Berdasarkan hasil analisis WKP Tulehu memiliki luas area prospek sekitar 3,4 Km2 dan potensi geotermal sebesar 17-34 MW.

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Tulehu is located in the eastern part of the island of Ambon, Maluku. Tulehu is an area with high geothermal prospects. The reservoir temperature of the system is estimated to be more or equal to 230oC. There has been quite a lot of research conducted here to determine geological, geochemical, and geophysical conditions, so that the data can be used as supporting data in this study. Geological interpretation cannot be separated from the interpretation and analysis of the geological and lithological structures or rock groups that compose them. This study will describe the geological conditions of the Tulehu area based on remote sensing interpretation and field observation data that have been carried out in the form of structural data and lithological units, which will then be combined with geochemical and geophysical data to create a geothermal conceptual model for the WKP Tulehu, determination of the geothermal system, delineation of the prospect area, up to the drilling point recommendation. The research area is in the Suli, Tial, Tulehu, and Waai areas, Salahutu District, Maluku Province. This research begins with the interpretation of remote sensing data in the form of Landsat 8 imagery, and DEM processed using ArcGIS 10.2.1 software, to obtain a tentative geological map. The map is then combined with geological data to obtain a more comprehensive geological map so that the Banda fault and the Huwe fault are normal faults that make the graben with the depressed mount Eriwakang area, the constituent lithology unit consists of seven units divided by genesis and volcanostratigraphic units. A more comprehensive geological map with all the analysis is then combined with geochemical and geophysical data to get a conceptual description of the geothermal model so that it is known that the WKP Tulehu geothermal system is a high enthalpy, liquid-dominated system. Based on the analysis, the WKP Tulehu has a prospect area of about 3.4 km2 and a geothermal potential of 17-34 MW."