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"ABSTRACTLatar belakang Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa status gingivitis dari anak-anak sekolah berusia 12 tahun yang tinggal di Jakarta dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status gingivitis mereka. Metode Ini adalah studi cross sectional. Anak-anak sekolah usia 12 tahun yang tinggal di Jakarta direkrut melalui probabilitas klaster multistage yang proporsional dengan ukuran random sampling dan 24 dari 1346 SMP negeri dan swasta di Jakarta dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Status gingivitis dicatat menggunakan indeks CPI berdasarkan standar Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. Kuesioner yang diisi sendiri diberikan kepada orang tua untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang latar belakang dan perilaku yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan mulut anak-anak mereka. Hasil 481 anak berpartisipasi dalam penelitian dan hanya tiga anak yang memiliki gusi sehat tanpa gusi berdarah dan tidak ada kalkulus. Prevalensi gusi berdarah adalah 99,4, dan prevalensi kalkulus adalah 83,8. Status gingivitis tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kebiasaan menyikat gigi dan kehadiran gigi. Kesimpulan Kondisi gingivitis dari sebagian besar anak-anak sekolah berusia 12 tahun yang tinggal di Jakarta adalah miskin. Oleh karena itu, strategi untuk mempromosikan kesehatan mulut dan mencegah penyakit gingivitis sangat diperlukan.

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ABSTRACTBackground This study aims to examine the gingivitis status of 12 year old school children living in Jakarta and the factors affecting their gingivitis status. Methods This was a cross sectional study. 12 year old school children living in Jakarta were recruited through a multistage cluster probability proportional to size random sampling and 24 from 1346 public and private Junior High Schools in Jakarta were included in the study. Gingivitis status was recorded using the CPI index based on the World Health Organization standards. A self completed questionnaire was given to the parents to collect information on the background and oral health related behaviors of their children. Results 481 children participated the study and only three childs who had healthy gums no bleeding gums and no calculus . The prevalence of bleeding gums was 99,4 , and the prevalence of calculus was 83,8 . Gingivitis status was not significantly related to tooth brushing habit and dental attendance. Conclusion The gingivitis condition of most of the 12 year old school children living in Jakarta was poor. Therefore, strategies to promote oral health and prevent gingivitis disease is urgently required. "

"Permasalahan gizi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor dan Indonesia masih belum sepenuhnya mencapai target MDGs mengenai gizi ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dan pola makan dengan status gizi, dimana data didapat dari pengambilan langsung dan data sekunder dari penelitian utama tentang efek suplementasi multipel terhadap kadar hemoglobin anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 26.32% subjek tergolong status gizi tidak normal (sangat kurus, kurus, dan gemuk; berdasarkan indeks BB/TB). Sebaran karakteristik subjek berdasarkan faktor sosiodemografi adalah sebagai berikut: 65.79% berusia 6-36 bulan; 50.53% adalah perempuan; 67.89% memiliki ayah dengan pekerjaan nonformal; 74.74% memiliki ayah dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah; 60.53% memiliki ibu dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah; 76.84% memiliki keluarga dengan status ekonomi dibawah garis kemiskinan; dan 66.84% tinggal di rumah dengan bentuk keluarga inti. Selain itu didapatkan 64.21% memiliki pola makan tidak baik. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis yang dilakukan dengan Uji Chi Square tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara semua variabel faktor sosiodemografi dan pola makan dengan status gizi (p>0.05).

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Nutritional problem in Indonesia is affected by multifactorial causes and Indonesia is still not fully achieve the MDGs targets on this point. This research was determined to confirm the association between sociodemographic factors and dietary habit to nutritional status in children aged six to sixty months old using the primary (direct interview) and secondary data from a primary research which studied the effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level in children. The result shows that prevalence of bad nutritional status was 26.32% (including underweight and overweight). Characteristics of subjects by sociodemographic factors namely: 65.79% aged 6-36 months old; 50.53% were female; 67.89% had father with informal jobs; 74.74% had father with intermediate education; 60.53% had mother with intermediate education; 76.84% had family that below the poverty line; and 66.84% classified as small family. Then, characteristic of subjects by dietary habit was 64.21% had bad dietary habit. Based on analysis using Chi Square test, there were no significant association between all sociodemographic factors and dietary habit to nutritional status (p>0.05)."

"Status gizi merupakan salah satu aspek penting kesehatan dan kesejahteraan seseorang. Sayangnya, di Indonesia, status gizi terutama pada anak masih banyak memiliki masalah. Secara umum, status gizi memiliki hubungan dengan faktor internal, misalnya usia, kondisi fisik, dan infeksi; dan faktor eksternal seperti faktor-faktor sosiodemografi. Selain faktor-faktor di atas, status gizi juga berhubungan dengan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan status gizi dengan faktor-faktor sosiodemografi, yaitu usia, pekerjaan orang tua, pendidikan orang tua, status ekonomi, dan besar keluarga, juga dengan perkembangan anak usia 6 sampai 60 bulan di Posyandu Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Setelah pengambilan data berupa pengukuran status antropometri dan pengisian kuesioner, hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan p-value > 0,05 yang menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara status gizi dengan faktor-faktor sosiodemografi dan perkembangan anak.

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Nutritional status is one of the most important aspects of one?s health and welfare. Unfortunately, nutritional status especially among Indonesian children still faces many problems. In general, nutritional status is related to internal factors, such as age, physical condition, and infection; and external factors such as sociodemographic factors. Other than factors stated above, nutritional status is also closely related to children's development.

This research aims to seek for the relation between nutritional status with sociodemographic factors namely age, parents occupation, parents educational background, economic status, and family structures, also with development status on children aged 6 to 60 months old at Posyandu Kampung Melayu, East Jakarta. Data is taken through antropometry measurement and questionnaire filling, and then analyzed in bivariate which shows results of p-value > 0,05. This means that there is no statistically relevant relation between nutritional status with sociodemographic factors and children's developement."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan status karies gigi dan jaringan periodontal menurut jenis kelamin pada anak usia 5 dan 12 tahun di Jabodetabek. 390 anak usia 5 tahun dan 458 anak usia 12 tahun dengan proporsi jenis kelamin seimbang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Status karies diukur dengan indeks dmf-t/DMF-T dan pufa/PUFA, status periodontal diukur dengan indeks modifikasi Loe and Silness. Hasil menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada indeks dmf-t, pufa, dan indeks plak antara laki-laki dan perempuan usia 5 tahun; terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada indeks DMF-T, PUFA, indeks plak, dan indeks gingiva antara laki-laki dan perempuan usia 12 tahun.

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This research objective is to know the differences of dental caries and periodontal status by gender among 5 and 12 years-old children in Jabodetabek. A total of 390 5 year-old and 458 12-year-old children with balanced proportion between genders participated in the research. Caries status measured by dmf-t/DMF-T and pufa/PUFA index, periodontal status measured by Loe and Silness modified index. The results show that there are no significant differences in dmf-t, pufa, and plaque index between boys and girls ages 5 year-old; there are significant differences in DMF-T, PUFA, Plaque, and Gingival Index between boys and girls ages 12 yearold."

"[Demam merupakan suatu reaksi fisiologis yang menandakan gejala penyakit yang sering dikeluhkan orangtua atas kondisi anaknya. Peningkatan suhu anak seringkali menyebabkan rasa gelisah tidak tenang pada orang tua sehingga memicu orang tua untuk memberikan antipiretik yang tidak sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dengan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku ibu tentang pemberian antipiretik pada anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional yang menggunakan data primer berupa pengisian kuesioner dan data sekunder dari penelitian utama berjudul ?Longitudinal study on the effect of multiple micro-nutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level of 8 to 22 month old Indonesian children?.Hasil penelitian adalah 76,8% tergolong ke tingkat pengetahuan cukup, 70,5% tergolong ke dalam sikap yang buruk/tidak sesuai, dan 96,8% tergolong ke dalam perilaku yang baik/sesuai. Dari uji hipotesis Chi-Square, diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna (p<0.05) antara tingkat pendidikan (p= 0,043) dan status ekonomi (p=0,016) dengan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang pemberian antipiretik. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia, pekerjaan ibu, bentuk keluarga dengan tingkat pengetahuan ibu. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna pula antara usia, pekerjaan ibu, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi, bentuk keluarga dengan sikap dan perilaku ibu tentang pemberian antipiretik (p>0.05).;Fever is a physiological sign of disease that is often complained by parents when it happens to their children. This elevation of body temperature causes parents to worry, leading them to give their children unsuitable antipyretics. This research aims to seek for the relation between sociodemographic factors with mothers‟ knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding administration of antipyretics in children. Thisis a cross-sectional research that uses primary data taken from questionnaire filling and secondary data from the main research titled ?Longitudinal study on the effect of multiple micro-nutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level of 8 to 22 month old Indonesian children.? The result shows that 76,8% of subjects is categorized average in terms of knowledge, 70.5% of subjects is categorized poor in terms of attitude, and 96,8% of subjects is categorized as good in terms of behavior. Chi-square test results in p<0,05 for the relation between mothers‟ knowledge with education (p = 0,043) and economic status (p = 0,016), which means there is a statistically relevant relation between mothers‟ knowledge and the two variables. The test also results in p>0,05 for the analysis of the relation between age, occupation and family structure with mothers‟ knowledge; as well as the relation between age, occupation, education, economic status and family structure with mothers‟ attitude and behavior regarding antipyretic administration. This result means that there is no statistically relevant relation between the respective variables with mothers‟ knowledge, attitude, and behavior., Fever is a physiological sign of disease that is often complained by parents when it happens to their children. This elevation of body temperature causes parents to worry, leading them to give their children unsuitable antipyretics. This research aims to seek for the relation between sociodemographic factors with mothers‟ knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding administration of antipyretics in children. Thisis a cross-sectional research that uses primary data taken from questionnaire filling and secondary data from the main research titled “Longitudinal study on the effect of multiple micro-nutrient supplementation on haemoglobin level of 8 to 22 month old Indonesian children.” The result shows that 76,8% of subjects is categorized average in terms of knowledge, 70.5% of subjects is categorized poor in terms of attitude, and 96,8% of subjects is categorized as good in terms of behavior. Chi-square test results in p<0,05 for the relation between mothers‟ knowledge with education (p = 0,043) and economic status (p = 0,016), which means there is a statistically relevant relation between mothers‟ knowledge and the two variables. The test also results in p>0,05 for the analysis of the relation between age, occupation and family structure with mothers‟ knowledge; as well as the relation between age, occupation, education, economic status and family structure with mothers‟ attitude and behavior regarding antipyretic administration. This result means that there is no statistically relevant relation between the respective variables with mothers‟ knowledge, attitude, and behavior.]"

"Dehidrasi pada atlet dapat menyebabkan penurunan performa fisik dan mental pada atlet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan status hidrasi pada atlet berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada atlet berusia 10-19 tahun dengan desain studi cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 37,1% responden mengalami dehidrasi. Terdapat perbedaan status hidrasi yang signifikan berdasarkan jenis kelamin (OR = 6,1; 95% CI 1,93-19,08), asupan air (p-value= 0,004), jenis minuman yang dikonsumsi selama latihan (OR = 3,11; 95%CI 1,125-8,604), dan luas permukaan tubuh (p-value= 0,044). Oleh sebab itu, memperhatikan asupan air selama latihan bagi atlet perlu dilakukan terutama bagi atlet laki-laki yang memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk mengalami dehidrasi.

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Dehydration in athletes led to decrease their physical and mental performance. The aim of this study was to determine differences in hydration status of athletes based on the factors related to dehydration. This study conducted on athletes aged 10-19 with cross sectional study design. The results showed 37% of respondents dehydrated. There was the significant differences in hydration status by sex (OR = 6,1; 95% CI 1,93-19,08), fluid intake (p-value= 0,004), types of beverages that consumed during exercise (OR = 3,11; 95%CI 1,125-8,604), and body surface area (p-value= 0,044). Thus ensuring adequate fluids intake as needed during exercise is important especially for male athletes that have greater probabilities to experience dehydration."

"Masalah gizi di Indonesia masih menjadi masalah utama yang menghambat laju pembangunan nasional dan pencapaian target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Masalah gizi adalah masalah yang kompleks dan memiliki dimensi yang luas karena penyebabnya multifaktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dengan status gizi pada anak usia lima sampai tujuh tahun. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional-analitik menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian utama mengenai pengaruh susu pertumbuhan terhadap efisiensi, onset dan kualitas tidur, serta konsolidasi memori dan kewaspadaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi gizi kurang adalah 15,6% sedangkan prevalensi pendek adalah 11,5%. Karakteristik anak berdasarkan faktor sosiodemografi adalah sebagai berikut: 56,6% berusia 5-6 tahun; 51,6% adalah perempuan; 50,8% memiliki ayah dengan pekerjaan formal; 95,9% memiliki ibu dengan pekerjaan informal; 65,6% memiliki ayah dengan pendidikan menengah-tinggi; 50,8% memiliki ibu dengan pendidikan rendah; 58,2% berada di bawah garis kemiskinan; 58,2% tergolong keluarga kecil; dan 61,5% adalah bukan anak pertama. Dari uji hipotesis Fisher, diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status ekonomi dengan indeks TB/U (p=0,041). Sementara itu, tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan orang tua, pendidikan orang tua, besar keluarga, dan urutan anak dengan status gizi (p>0,05).

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Nutritional problem in Indonesia remained a major problem which inhibited the pace of national development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Nutritional problem was a complex issue and had a broad dimension due to its multifactorial causes. This study was determined to confirm the association between sociodemographic factors and nutritional status in children aged five to seven. This study was an analytical-observational using secondary data from a primary research which studied the effect of growing up milk on sleep efficiency, onset, and quality, as well as on memory consolidation and alertness. Prevalence of underweight was 15,6% and stunted was 11,5%.

Characteristics of subjects by sociodemographic factors were as follows: 56,6% aged 5-6 years old; 51,6% were female; 50,8% had father with formal job; 95.9% had mother with informal jobs; 65.6% had father with intermediate-high education; 50.8% had mother with low education; 58.2% were below the poverty line; 58, 2% classified as small family, and 61.5% were not the first child. By performing Fisher test: there was significant association between economic status and H/A index (p=0,041). There were no significant association between age, gender, parent?s occupation, parent?s educational level, family size, and birth order and nutritional status (p>0,05)."

"Skripsi ini membahas perbedaan perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi anak usia ±12 tahun antara kelas unggulan dan reguler di MTsN Pagedangan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan jenis penelitian cross sectional study dengan jumlah responden 100 orang. Hasil penelitian yaitu terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada perilaku (p=0,036), pengetahuan (p=0,015) dan tindakan (p=0,001) pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi antara kelas unggulan dan kelas reguler. Namun pada aspek sikap (p=0,613) dan status karies gigi (DMFT) (p=0,606) tidak terlihat perbedaan bermakna. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kelas unggulan memiliki perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi yang lebih baik daripada kelas reguler.

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The focus of this study is the differences between dental healthcare behavior of children aged 12-year-olds between unggulan and reguler classes in MTsN Pagedangan. This research is an analytical research with cross sectional study by the number of respondents are 100 students. Research results are there is significant difference of dental healthcare behavior (p=0,036), at the level of knowledge (p=0,015) and action (p=0,001) between unggulan and reguler classes, but there is no significant difference on the attitude aspect (p=0,613) and dental caries status (DMF-T) (p=0,606). The conclusion is unggulan class has a better dental healthcare behavior than reguler class."

"Perkembangan anak di Indonesia masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yang belum terselesaikan. Padahal, perkembangan anak yang optimal menentukan kualitas sumber daya manusia nantinya. Faktor yang memengaruhi perkembangan seorang anak dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi yang terdiri dari usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan orang tua, status ekonomi, dan besar keluarga dengan perkembangan anak usia 6 sampai 36 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi anak dengan perkembangan meragukan adalah 40% sedangkan perkembangan menyimpang sebesar 4,8%. Karakteristik anak berdasarkan faktor sosiodemografi adalah sebagai berikut: 44,8% berusia 6-18 bulan; 48% adalah perempuan; 28,8% memiliki ayah dengan pekerjaan formal; 93,6% memiliki ibu dengan pekerjaan informal; 71,2% memiliki ayah dengan pendidikan menengah ? tinggi; 34,4% memiliki ibu dengan pendidikan rendah; 77,6% berada di atas garis kemiskinan; dan 32% tergolong keluraga extended. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan ayah dan status ekonomi memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (p-value < 0,05) dengan perkembangan anak. Faktor sosiodemografi lainnya tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (p-value > 0,05).

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Child development remains one of many unsolved health problems in Indonesia. Eventually, optimal child development determines the quality of human resources in one country. Factors that influence the child development can be divided into two, genetic and environment. This research aims to look for the association between sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, parents? occupation, parents? educational background, economic status, and family structures with development on children aged 6 to 36 months old.

Results show prevalence of doubted development was 40% and deviated development was 4,8%. Characteristics of subjects by sociodemographic factors were as follows: 44,8% aged 6-18 months old; 48% were female; 28,8% had father with formal job; 93,6% had mother with informal job; 71,2% had father with intermediate ? high education; 34,4% had mother with low education; 77,6% were below the poverty line; and 32% classified as extended family. Bivariate analysis test shows father?s educational background and economic status have statistically relevant relation with child development. Other sociodemographic factors show no statistically relevant relation with child development."

"Anak-anak usia sekolah cenderung mengonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak dan rendah serat termasuk sayur. Rendahnya konsumsi sayur pada periode ini dalam jangka pendek dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel, lemahnya imunitas tubuh, ISPA, dan masalah pencernaan sedangkan dampak jangka panjangnya dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena penyakit kronis seperti penyakit jantung koroner, COPD, stroke, kardiovaskular, dan kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan proporsi konsumsi sayur anak usia 10-11 tahun berdasarkan food neophobia dan faktor lainnya di SDN Polisi 1 Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 142 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner serta formulir food record 2x24 jam oleh responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya 18,3% responden yang mengonsumsi sayur setiap hari dan rata-rata konsumsi sayur responden hanya 33,75 gram per hari. Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan proporsi konsumsi sayur yang bermakna berdasarkan faktor kesukaan, keyakinan diri, hambatan, dan preferensi sayur. Edukasi mengenai pentingnya konsumsi sayur perlu diberikan kepada anak usia sekolah serta orang tuanya untuk mencapai anjuran konsumsi sayur yang direkomendasikan.

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School aged children tend to eat high-fat and low fiber foods, also low vegetable intake. Low vegetable consumption in this period cause cell damage, low imunity system, URI, and inflammatory bowel disease, besides long term effect can cause heart disease, COPD, stroke, CVD, and cancer. The study aims to determine the proportional differences of vegetable consumption in 10-11 years old children based on food neophobia and the other factos at Polisi 1 Public Elementary School in Bogor City. This quantitative study uses cross sectional design with 142 respondents. Data were collected through self-registered questionnaire and 2x24 hours food record form and analysed using chi-square test. The result showed that there were only 18,3% respondents who eat vegetables daily and only 33,75 gram vegetables consumed each day. Statistical analysis also showed a significant vegetable consumption differences based on liking, self efficacy, perceived barrier, and vegetable preferences. Nutrition education is needed for school aged children and their parents to reach daily vegetable recommendation intake."