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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang analisis korelasi antara lembaga keuangan mikro dengan pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Kemiskinan yang terus melanda Indonesia diduga karena kurangnya akses penduduk terhadap jasa institusi keuangan. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan data panel tahunan 2011-2015 tiap-tiap provinsi di Indonesia untuk menelusuri hubungan antara kemiskinan di Indonesia dengan keberadaan lembaga keuangan mikro sebagai institusi keuangan yang dapat menjangkau seluruh wilayah di Indonesia. Lembaga keuangan mikro dinilai dapat memberikan dampak tidak langsung terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, variabel Usaha Kecil Menengah UKM disertakan dalam analisis korelasi. Regresi yang dilakukan menggunakan metode random effect pada dua model ekonomi yang berbeda. Hasil yang diperoleh menyatakan bahwa terbukti adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara keberadaan lembaga keuangan mikro dengan jumlah UKM. Serta, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara jumlah UKM dengan pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Maka, melalui penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat dikatakan bahwa Lembaga Keuangan Mikro memengaruhi pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia secara signifikan melalui keberadaan UKM.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis will analyze the correlation between microfinance institution and poverty alleviation in Indonesia. Indonesian poverty. Poverty continues to hit Indonesia allegedly due to lack of access to services of resident financial institutions. This study will use the yearly panel data 2011 2015 of each provinces in Indonesia to discover the relationship between poverty in Indonesia with the presence of microfinance institutions as financial institutions that able to reach all areas in Indonesia. Microfinance Institutions MFI are believed to give indirect impact on poverty in Indonesia. Therefore, the variable of Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs are included in the correlation analysis as the link from MFI to poverty. The regressions are done using random effect on two different economic models. The results stated that there is a significant correlation between the existence of microfinance institutions and the number of SMEs. As well as, there is a significant correlation between the number of SMEs and the alleviation of poverty in Indonesia. In conclusion, it is proven that the Microfinance Institutions affect poverty reduction in Indonesia significantly through the presence of SMEs."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kenyataan yang ada bahwa angka kemiskinan di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, Padahal jumlah Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM) yang dapat membantu dalam pengentasan angka kemiskinan sudah cukup banyak. Hal ini membuat penulis tertarik untuk menganalisis hubungan antara Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM) / Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) dan kontribusi Usaha Kecil (UK) / Micro Enterprises Units (MEUs) dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Secara khusus, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh rasio akses, rasio kredit, persentase nasabah, ROA, persentase rentabilitas, dan rasio tabungan berpengaruh terhadap kontribusi usaha kecil (UK) dalam pengentasan kemiskinan penduduk di Indonesia yang dinyatakan dengan percentage of population below the poverty line (%PBPL) .Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional (correlational research) yang menggunakan variabel terikat %PBPL di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian ini berasal dari 4 (empat) jenis LKM yaitu : Koperasi Simpan Pinjam, Unit Simpan Pinjam, Unit Simpan Pinjam KOPTA dan USP Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) seluruh Indonesia selama periode tahun 2000 dan 2001. Metode Analisis yang digunakan adalah metode Ordinary Least Squares dan Pooled Least Squares dengan pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS 10. Untuk mendapatkan perbedaan yang nyata antara propinsi-propinsi yang ada di Indonesia dalam hal kekayaan sumber daya alam (SDA), kekayaan sumber daya manusia (SDM), letak geografis yang relatif terisolasi dan kelompok propinsi lainnya maka digunakan 3 (tiga) dummy kriteria propinsi.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah : (1). analisis secara individual terhadap efektifitas pelayanan UK (rasio aksesbilitas, rasio kredit, persentase nasabah), Internal performace-LKM (return on asset, rentabilitas dan rasio tabungan) serta dummy propinsi (DI, D2 dan D3) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia (%PBPL) pada signifikansi level 5%, kecuali faktor rasio tabungan, D1, D2, dan D3, (2) analisis pengaruh secara serentak pada model 2(a) dan 2(b) terhadap efektifitas pelayanan UK, Internal performance -LKM, serta dummy propinsi bersama-¬sama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia (%PBPL) pada signifikansi level 5%, (3). variabel yang dominan adalah R_Akses, R_Kredit, P_Nsb, ROA, dan R_Rent. Faktor R_Akses dan R Kredit adalah indikator efektifitas pelayanan terhadap UK yang berpengaruh positif terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Faktor nasabah berpengaruh negatif terhadap efektifitas pelayanan UK, karena LKM yang hanya mengejar banyaknya nasabah akan menjadi usaha yang kontra-produktif terhadap keberhasilan pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia.

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There is a wide range of poverty incidence in Indonesia. The poverty rate for self-employed micro enterprises units (MEUs) is contrary to the facts in which many MFIs in Indonesia have programs to reduce percentage of population below the poverty line (%PBPL). This research is aimed to analyze the relationship between the MFIs and contribution of micro enterprises units (MEUs) in order to reduce %PBPL in Indonesia. This study have two purposes; first, to know how the influences of effectiveness of MFIs'services to micro enterprise (accessibility ratio, credit ratio, percentage of clients) and internal performance of MFIs (ROA, return on self capital and savings ratio) in order to reducing poverty, and second, to know how well MFIs contribute to reduce poverty.

This research is a correlation research in which %PBPL constitute a dependent variable. The Independent variables consist of accessibility ratio, credit ratio, client?s ratio, ROA, return of self capital and deposit ratio. These researches are used samples from 4 MFIs categories of savings and loan cooperatives (KSP & LISP) in Indonesia. The methods of analysis which are in the research used are ordinary least square and polled least square with SPSS 10 software. The dummy variables (3 categories by province) are used to get differentiation of the MFIs `s origin (rich in natural resource, rich in human resource and isolated Geographic's province).

In the conclusion of this research it can be proved that : (1). accessibility ratio, credit ratio, percentage of clients, ROA, and return on self capital have significantly individual impacts to reducing % PBPL when 5 independents are based on individual analysis of predictors in the models in significant level 5%, (2) effectiveness of MFIs' services, internal performance and dummy by province have significantly simultaneous impacts to reducing % PBPL when based on equation models 2 (a) and 2 (b) in significant level 5%, and (3) percentage of clients has negative impacts to poverty when accessibility ratio and credit ratio have positive impacts to poverty in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKTugas karya akhir ini membahas lembaga keuangan mikro dan kaitannya dalam praktek pembangunan sosial. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah kajian dari beberapa literatur dan data sekunder lainnya, baik dalam konteks global maupun Indonesia. Untuk memperdalam kajian, tulisan ini mengambil contoh kasus lembaga keuangan mikro Koperasi Kasih dan UKM Center FEB UI untuk melihat program dan pendekatan apa yang digunakan. Hasil kajian tugas karya akhir ini menyimpulkan bahwa lembaga keuangan mikro yang menggunakan pendekatan terintegrasi dan poverty reduction driven termasuk sebagai praktek pembangunan sosial.

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ABSTRACTThis paper discusses microfinance institutions and their implementation in social development practices. This paper is a study of some literature and other secondary data, both in the global and Indonesia context. To deepen the study, this paper takes the case of the microfinance institutions of Koperasi Kasih and UKM Center FEB UI to see what programs and approaches are they use. The results of this study conclude that microfinance institutions that using integrated and poverty reduction driven approaches are included as social development practices."

"Dengan memfokuskan korupsi pada level provinsi, thesis ini memeriksa apakah korupsi oleh pemerintah daerah aka mempengaruhi tingkat kemiskinan. Panel data dengan pendekatan “fixed effect” diimplementasikan pada data level provinsi dari tahun 2007 sampai dengan 2010. Dengan menggunakan temuan audit, hasil regresi menunjukan bahwa korupsi pemerintah daerah memiliki korelasi positif dengan kejadian kemiskinan. Jika provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia mengurangi korupsi, ini akan berkontribusi pada semakin banyak orang keluar dari kemiskinan. Hasil penelitian ini menekankan pada pentingnya penyempurnaan intitusi seperti pemberantasan korupsi dalam kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan. Kebijakan anti korupsi sangat dibutuhkan agar program-program pengentasan kemiskinan lebih effisien.

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Focusing on the provincial corruption level, this thesis examines whether local government corruption influences the regional poverty rate. In this paper, a fixed approach panel data method is implemented to a provincial level data set from 2007 to 2010. Using audit findings as measurement of provincial corruption level, the results show that local government corruption has positive correlation with poverty incident. If provinces in Indonesia reduce their corruption level, it contributes more people moving out of poverty. This study highlight the important of institutional improvement i.e. the corruption eradication effort in the poverty reduction policy. Thus, anti-corruption policies are necessary for anti-poverty programs to be efficient."

"[ABSTRACTA number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective. The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level., A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.]"

"Penelitian di negara berkembang yang menghubungkan produksi perikanan budidaya dengan pengentasan kemiskinan. Namun, hanya sedikit dari penelitian tersebut menyelidiki hubungan antara perikanan budidaya dengan tiga indikator kemiskinan yaitu; persentasi penduduk miskin, indeks kedalaman kemiskinan dan indeks keparahan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang hubungan produksi perikanan budidaya dengan pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Secara khusus, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisa seberapa besar dampak produksi perikanan budidaya dalam pengurangan kemiskinan lewat tiga indikator kemiskinan tersebut di atas. Berkaitan dengan metodologi, penelitian ini menggunakan fixed effect dan random effect model untuk mengestimasi hubungan antara produksi perikanan budidaya dengan ketiga indikator kemiskinan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi perikanan budidaya memiliki dampak positif dalam pengurangan kemiskinan berdasarkan tiga indikator kemiskinan yang digunakan tersebut. Namun, kekuatan sector ini dalam menekan angka kemiskinan berdasarkan ketiga indikator tersebut terlihat lemah. Dengan membandingkan hasil estimasi tingkat provinsi dan tingkat kabupaten/kota, dampak peningkatan produksi perikanan budidaya dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan hanaya kuat di tingkat provinsi. Dengan mengambil koefisien produksi pada masing-masing indikator kemiskinan, sector ini memberikan pengaruh yang positif dalam mengurangi persentase orang miskin dan indeks kedalaman kemiskinan pada tingkat provinsi. Sementara pada tingkat kabupaten/kota, peningkatan hasil produksi perikanan budidaya hanya membengaruhi persentase orang miskin.

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There are number of studies in developing countries which are connecting aquaculture production and poverty reduction. However, only few of them have been conducted to investigate the relationship between aquaculture and poverty though three indicators namely, percentage of poor people, poverty gap and poverty severity.

This paper aims to answer a question regarding relationship between aquaculture production and poverty reduction in Indonesia. Specifically, the paper is intended to analyze how big the impact of aquaculture production to reduce poverty in Indonesia through three indicators of poverty, namely, percentage of poor people, poverty gap and poverty severity. In term of methodology, the research applies fixed effect and random effect model to estimate the relationship between of them. Results show that aquaculture production has positive impact in reducing poverty based on three indicators of poverty namely, percentage of poor people, poverty gap and poverty severity. However, power of this sector seems to be weak.

By comparing provincial level results and districts and municipalities results, increasing in aquaculture production is only stronger in level of provinces. Taking the coefficient of the production to each poverty indicators, this sector affects reducing poverty in percentage of poor people and poverty gap in provincial level. Meanwhile, the production only affects poverty at percentage of poor people in districts and municipalities level."

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Saat ini, pemerintah terutama di Negara berkembang memiliki perhatian pada pengembangan lembaga keuangan mikro, yang diharapkan dapat mencapai keuangan inklusif dan pengentasan kemiskinan. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, lembaga keuangan mikro dianjurkan untuk dapat menghasilkan keuntungan yang stabil dan berkelanjutan secara keuangan, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari faktor-faktor penentu keberlanjutan secara keuangan lembaga keuangan mikro di Indonesia. Studi penelitian menggunakan data dari MIX Market untuk menganalisa lembaga keuangan mikro di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 12 tahun. Metode yang digunakan ialah analisis kuantitatif dengan regresi linear berganda data panel tidak lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lembaga keuangan mikro perlu menetapkan tingkat suku bunga yang cukup, menyalurkan pinjaman per nasabah pada tingkat tertentu, serta meningkatkan profitabilitas lembaga untuk mencapai keberlanjutan secara keuangan. Variabel dummy seperti peringkat dari lembaga juga berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan keberlanjutan secara keuangan lembaga keuangan mikro.

 

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Nowadays governments pay a great attention to develop Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) with the belief that they able to achieve financial inclusion and poverty alleviation. To achieve those goals, MFIs should become steady profitable and financially sustainable, therefore, the objective of this study is to identify determinant factors which drive financial sustainability of MFIs in Indonesia. Data on Indonesian MFIs was collected from Microfinance Information Exchange database to analyze MFIs during twelve fiscal years. The method used in this study is quantitative analysis with unbalanced panel data regression. The main results suggest that MFIs should apply sufficient interest rate, provide loan per client at a certain level, and increase profit in order to reach financial sustainability. The dummy variables, consist of MFI rating also significantly increase MFIs financial sustainability.

 

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"Konstruksi perempuan ideal Indonesia mdash;yang dilekatkan dengan sosok ibu, kerap menyulitkan posisi para perempuan tanpa suami, terutama bagi para janda. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi tersebut menyebabkan para janda mdash;terutama yang berada di akar rumput mdash;harus berhadapan dengan masalah kemiskinan. Merespons hal tersebut, dibentuk lembaga pemberdayaan bernama Pemberdayaan Perempuan Kepala Keluarga Pekka. Capaian hasil pemberdayaan menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda-beda, ada daerah yang mampu berkembang dengan baik, namun ada pula daerah yang menunjukkan peningkatan kesejahteraan yang kurang signifikan, seperti di Kabupaten Cianjur.Berangkat dari hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana lembaga Pekka berperan dalam memberdayakan perempuan kepala keluarga di akar rumput dan hambatan-hambatan seperti apa yang harus dihadapi. Karena secara khusus membahas studi kasus di Kabupaten Cianjur, maka penting untuk memahami bagaimana perempuan kepala keluarga memaknai konstruksi perempuan ideal dalam kondisi sosial budaya di Kabupaten Cianjur, bagaimana Pekka merespos pemaknaan tersebut, dan apa pengaruhnya terhadap proses kerja lembaga Pekka. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk memahami kompleksitas dan penyebab aktual kemiskinan yang dialami para perempuan kepala keluarga di Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan cultural studies.Temuan data lapangan menunjukkan bahwa lembaga Pekka memosisikan diri sebagai wali bagi para perempuan yang diberdayakan. Hal tersebut membuat lembaga Pekka berada dalam posisi problematis, karena menimbulkan hambatan bagi proses pemberdayaan yang mereka jalankan. Lebih lanjut, hasil temuan data lapangan juga menunjukkan ada hambatan yang datang dari luar lembaga Pekka, yaitu dari budaya dan pemerintah. Pemerintah yang menjalankan asas negara kesejahteraan dan penerapan budaya sunda yang berbasis ajaran Islam telah mereduksi agensi para perempuan tersebut dan membuat para perempuan kepala keluarga di Kabupaten Cianjur menjadi individu yang pasif. Kesimpulannya, kemiskinan yang terjadi di Kabupaten Cianjur merupakan akibat dari perampasan kapabilitas dan pengabaian keberfungsian para perempuan dalam masyarakat.

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The construction of ideal women in Indonesia mdash symbolized through the figure mother , often puts husbandless women in difficult positions, especially for janda. Previous research has shown that this construction caused janda to live in poverty, especially those who live at the grassroots. A Women Headed Household Empowerment Institution Lembaga Pekka or Pekka was formed to respond to this problem. The outcome of empowerment programs show different results, there are well developed regions, but some regions still show insignificant welfare improvement, such as in Cianjur Regency.From those facts, the researcher will analyze Pekka lsquo s role in empowering female household heads on grassroots level and what obstacles they have to face. Because it specifically analyzes case studies in Cianjur Regency, it is important to understand how the women define the construction of ideal women in the socio cultural condition in Cianjur Regency, how Pekka responds to that, and how it impacts Women Headed Household Empowerment Institution. The purpose of this research is to understand the complexity and actual causes of poverty experienced by the female household heads in Cianjur Regency. This research applies qualitative methods with Cultural Studies approach.The results show that Pekka has placed itself as a trustee for those empowered women. It puts Pekka in a problematic position, because the trustee position may hinder the empowerment process. Furthermore, the results also show that some obstacles come from external culture and the government. The government, with the principle of welfare state and Sundanese culture that based itself on Islamic teachings, has reduced the women 39 s agency and made female household heads in Cianjur Regency become passive individuals. In conclusion, poverty in Cianjur Regency is caused by capability deprivation and neglect functioning of women in society."

"Studi ini ingin melihat bagaimana pengaruh modal sosial terhadap probabilitas rumah tangga menjadi miskin di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode probit pada data Indonesia Family Life Survey IFLS wave 5 tahun 2014, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa modal sosial bridging, yang diwakili oleh partisipasi rumah tangga pada arisan, koperasi, ataupun simpan pinjam desa dalam 12 bulan terakhir, signifikan mengurangi probabilitas rumah tangga menjadi miskin. Selain itu dengan metode ordinary least square OLS ditemukan pula bahwa modal sosial berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap pengeluaran rumah tangga. faktor lain, seperti: sosial demografi, modal manusia, modal fisik, dan modal finansial yang signifikan mempengaruhi probabilitas rumah tangga menjadi miskin. Akan tetapi, ditemukan bahwa modal sosial bonding berupa bantuan dari kerabat terdekat tidak signifikan mempengaruhi probabilitas rumah tangga menjadi miskin.

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This study attempts to learn how social capital affects the households probability of being poor in Indonesia. By using probit method and utilizing the data of Indonesia Family Life Survey IFLS wave 5, this study discovered that social capital bridging, which is participation household in arisan, cooperation, and local microcredit for the last 12 months, statistically and significantly lower the household's probability of being poor. In addition, by using OLS method, this study confirms that social capital significantly increase household's per capita expenditure. Furthermore, this study reavealed that other factors such as social demographic, human capital, physical capital, and financial capital statistically and significantly affect the household's probability of falling into poverty. However, social capital bonding, which is realized by assistances of their closest relatives, does not statistically and significantly affect the the household's probability of becoming poor."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini meneliti tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan rumah tangga nasabah LKM dengan sampel 100 orang nasabah LKM-KKI. Ada 7 variabel bebas yang diuji yang menjadi faktor pengaruh kesejahteraan rumah tangga nasabah LKM, di mana 6 variabel yang mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pendapatan per kapita rumah tangga nasabah LKM-KKI, adalah penghasilan suami dan lainnya, lama pendidikan, jumlah tanggungan, jumlah pinjaman, aplikasi 2 pelatihan, dan aplikasi 3 pelatihan. Sedangkan 1 variabel lain, yaitu usia nasabah pengaruhnya tidak signifikan terhadap pendapatan per kapita rumah tangga nasabah LKM-KKI. Dari 7 variabel bebas yang menjadi faktor pengaruh kesejahteraan rumah tangga nasabah LKM, terdapat 6 variabel yang mempunyai pengaruh positif dengan pendapatan per kapita rumah tangga nasabah LKM-KKI, yaitu penghasilan suami dan lainnya, usia nasabah dan lama pendidikan nasabah, jumlah pinjaman, aplikasi 2 pelatihan, dan aplikasi 3 pelatihan. Sedangkan 1 variabel lain, yaitu jumlah tanggungan rumah tangga nasabah merupakan faktor yang mempunyai pengaruh negatif terhadap pendapatan per kapita rumah tangga nasabah.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigates the factors that influence the welfare of household customers of MFI with a sample of 100 KKI MFI clients. There are seven independent variables were tested which factors influence household welfare MFI clients, in which 6 variables that have a significant influence on per capita income households MFI clients KKI, is the husband 39 s income and other, length of education, size of the household, amount of the loan, 2 applications of training, and 3 training applications. While one another variable, namely the age of the customer is not significant infuence on the income per capita household KKI MFI clients. Of the seven independent variables which factors influence household welfare MFI clients, there are six variables that have a positive influence with a per capita income households MFI clients KKI, the husband 39 s income and other, age of the customer, length of education, amount of the loan, the application of 2 training, and 3 training applications. While one another variable, the number of dependents of household customers is another factor that has a negative influence on household income per capita of the client. "