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"Tujuan. Menganalisis efek aplikasi NSF dan PPF terhadap remineralisasi dentin melalui uji kristalinitas.Metode. Dentin blok dibagi dalam sembilan kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol positif dan negatif dan tujuh kelompok perlakuan. Kontrol negatif merupakan dentin normal dan kontrol positif merupakan dentin yang didemineralisasi. Kelompok perlakuan diaplikasikan NSF dan PPF dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Karakteristik kristal dari seluruh dentin blok diuji oleh X-Ray Diffraction XRD.Hasil. Gambaran XRD memperlihatkan senyawa apatit, senyawa kalsium, dan senyawa logam dalam kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol positif.Kesimpulan. NSF dan PPF efektif terhadap remineralisasi dentin.

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To analyze the effects of NSF and PPF application to dentin remineralization by crystallinity test.

Method. Dentin blocks were allocated to nine groups, control groups positive and negative and seven treatment groups. Control negative is sound dentin and control positive is demineralized dentin. The treatment groups were applied of NSF and PPF with different concentration. The crystal characteristics of dentin blocks were investigated by X Ray Diffraction XRD.

Result. XRD revealed precipitates of apatite compounds, calcium compounds, and metal compounds in treatment groups higher than in control positive group.

Conclusion. NSF and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization. "

"Latar Belakang: Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) dan Propolis Fluoride (PPF) merupakan varnish yang memiliki sifat antibakteri dan dapat mencegah demineralisasi dan memicu remineralisasi Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekerasan dentin setelah aplikasi varnish SDF dan PPF selama 30 hari dan 60 hari. Metode: Enam spesimen dentin gigi premolar dengan ukuran 4x4x2 mm diaplikasikan varnish SDF (38%) dan PPF (10%) kemudian setiap spesimen direndam dalam tube berisi aquadem lalu dikocok dengan kecepatan 45 rpm selama 30 menit setiap hari. Dan dilakukan uji kekerasan menggunakan Vickers microhardness tester setelah 30 dan 60 hari. Hasil: Nilai kekerasan dentin setelah 30 hari aplikasi SDF ialah 67 ± 2,83 VHN dan PPF ialah 61,00 ± 2,44 VHN. Sedangkan nilai kekerasan dentin setelah 60 hari aplikasi SDF ialah 69,00 ± 2,82 VHN dan PPF ialah 73,25 ± 1,71 VHN. Kesimpulan: Varnish SDF dan PPF efektif meningkatkan kekerasan dentin.

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Background: Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Propolis Fluoride (PPF) had antibacterial properties on silver and propolis contents. The fluoride content present in both varnishes could inhibit demineralization and promote remineralization Objective: This study analyzed the dentin microhardness after 30 and 60 days application of Sodium diamine fluoride (SDF) and propolis fluoride (PPF). Methods: Six dentin blocks were allocated and divided into control groups and treatment groups with SDF (38%) and PPF (10%). Each dentin block in the treatment group received a topical application of various fluoridebased varnishes and was submerged in aquadem and shaken for 30 minutes at 45 rpm every day. The dentin hardness was analyzed by a Vickers microhardness tester. Results: Dentin microhardness after 30 days application of SDF varnish was 67 ± 2,83 VHN and PPF varnish was 61,00 ± 2,44 VHN. While, Dentin microhardness after 60 days application of SDF varnish was 69,00 ± 2,82 VHN and PPF varnish was 73,25 ± 1,71 VHN Conclusion: SDF and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization and increase dentin microhardness."

"Latar belakang: Silver Diamine Fluoride dan Laser CO2 merupakan alternatif perawatan yang dapat dipilih untuk menangani hipersensivitas denton.Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan Silver Diamine Fluoride dan Laser CO2 dalam menurunkan skor hipersensitivitas dentin. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain single blind, split-mouth randomized controlled trial yang melibatkan 16 subjek dengan keluhan gigi sensitif dan memiliki minimal dua gigi yang positif terhadap uji evaporatif atau uji thermal. Subjek akan diaplikasikan Silver Diamine Fluoride dan Laser CO2. Pengukuran hipersensitivitas dentin dilakukan dengan stimulus evaporatif dan termal dan DIAGNOdent pasca aplikasi, 7 hari dan 14 hari setelah aplikasi. Hasil: Terjadi penurunan skor Hipersensitivitas dan DIAGNOdent yang berbeda bermakna terhadap data baseline segera pasca aplikasi, 7 hari dan 14 hari pasca aplikasi p=0,000 untuk stimulus evaporatif, termal dan DIAGNOdent . Tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride dan aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride dan Laser CO2 pada setiap pengukuran. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan Silver Diamine Fluoride dan Laser CO2 efektif dalam menurunkan skor hipersensitivitas dentin.

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Background: Silver Diamine fluoride and CO2 Laser are a new alternative treatment for dentin hypersensitivity.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride and CO2 Laser in reducing dentin hypersensitivity score.

Methods: The study used a single blind, split mouth design randomized controlled trial involving 16 subjects with symptoms of sensitive teeth and have at least two hypersensitive teeth which are positive to evaporative or thermal test. The subject teeth surface will be applied Silver diamine fluoride and CO2 Laser will be applied to the subject teeth surface.

Results: This clinical study demonstrated that the application of Silver Diamine Fluoride and CO2 Laser reduce dentin hypersensitivity significantly in each measurement p 0,000 for evaporative and thermal stimulus. But there is no statistically significant differences between the two application.

Conclusion: The usage of Silver Diamine Fluoride and CO2 Laser are effective to reduce the degree of dentin hypersensitivity. "

"Latar Belakang: Karies merupakan penyakit kronik tidak menular yang umum terjadi pada manusia. Dibutuhkan suatu bahan varnish yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai agen antibakteri dan agen remineralisasi dengan efek samping yang minimal untuk menghentikan proses karies dentin. Tujuan: Menganalisis potensi remineralisasi bahan varnish mengandung fluor: SDF, NSF, dan PPF pada dentin demineralisasi. Metode: Dentin disc dari gigi manusia dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif dan kelompok perlakuan SDF Ag 25,4 F- 4,48 , NSF Ag 1,4 F- 2,26 , NSF Ag 1,9 F- 2,26 , PPF Propolis 6,67 F- 1,19 , dan PPF Propolis 10 F- 1,19 . Dentin disc kelompok kontrol positif dan kelompok perlakuan dilakukan demineralisasi dengan larutan demineralisasi pH 4.4 selama 96 jam. Masing-masing dentin disc kelompok perlakuan diaplikasikan bahan varnish berbasis fluor. Dentin disc ini kemudian dilakukan pH-Cycling dengan larutan demineralisasi pH 5 dan larutan remineralisasi pH 7 selama 8 hari. Jumlah ion kalsium pada permukaan dentin disc dievaluasi dengan menggunakan alat Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy EDX. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan jumlah ion kalsium secara signifikan pada perlakuan NSF Ag 1,4 F- 2,26 dan PPF Propolis 10 F- 1,19 dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan jumlah ion kalsium pada perlakuan SDF Ag 25,4 F- 4,48 , NSF Ag 1,9 F- 2,26 , PPF Propolis 6,67 F- 1,19 dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif. Kesimpulan: Bahan varnish mengandung fluor NSF Ag 1,4 F- 2,26 dan PPF Propolis 10 F- 1,19 berpotensi sebagai agen remineralisasi pada permukaan karies dentin.

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Backgorund: Dental caries are the most common non communicable chronic diseases in human beings. Fluoride based varnishes which can act as antibacterial and remineralisation agents with minimal side effect are needed to arrest dentine caries.

Aim: To analize remineralizing potency of fluoride based varnishes SDF, NSF, and PPF on demineralized dentine.

Methods: Human dentin discs were divided into control groups negative and positive control and treatment groups SDF Ag 25,4 F 4,48 , NSF Ag 1,4 F 2,26 , NSF Ag 1,9 F 2,26 , PPF Propolis 6,67 F 1,19 , and PPF Propolis 10 F 1,19 . The dentine discs of control positive and treatment group were demineralized using demineralization solution pH 4,4 for 96 hours. Each dentine disc in treatment group received topical application of fluoride based varnish. They were subjected to pH cycling using demineralization solution pH 5 and remineralization solution pH 7 for 8 days. The quantity of calcium ion on dentine discs surface were detected using Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy EDX.

Results: The quantity of calcium ion on NSF Ag 1,4 F 2,26 and PPF Propolis 10 F 1,19 have increased significantly compared to positive control. There are insignificant difference of calcium ion quantity between SDF Ag 25,4 F 4,48 , NSF Ag 1,9 F 2,26 , PPF Propolis Propolis 6,67 F 1,19 F 1,19 compared to positive control.

Conclusion: Fluoride based varnishes NSF Ag 1,4 F 2,26 and Ag 1,9 F 2,26 have potency as remineralizing agent on the surface of dentine caries."

"Latar belakang : S. mutans merupakan patogen utama penyebab karies. NSF diketahui memiliki sifat antibakterial. Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh NSF dalam menghambat virulensi dan pembentukkan biofilm S. mutans. Metode : Suspensi bakteri S. mutans dalam media BHI yang diperkaya sukrosa 0.2 dipaparkan NSF diinkubasi selama 20 jam. Persen inhibisi biofilm dinilai menggunakan uji crystal violet. Hasil : Nilai KHM NSF adalah 2.66 dan nilai KBM 4.16 . NSF mampu menghambat pembentukkan biofilm S. mutans. Kesimpulan : NSF mampu menghambat virulensi dan pembentukkan biofilm S. mutans.

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Background: S. mutans are the primary pathogens that cause caries. NSF known to have antimicrobial properties.

Aim: To analyze the effect of NSF in inhibiting virulence and biofilm formation of S. mutans.

Methods: Bacterial suspension of S. mutans in BHI medium enriched 0.2 sucrose exposed with NSF incubated for 20 hours. Percent inhibition of biofilm was assessed using crystal violet test.

Result: NSF MIC value is 2.66 and MBC value is 4.16 . NSF is able to inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans.

Conclusion: NSF is able to inhibit virulence and biofilm formation of S.mutans. "

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektifitas SDF dalam menghambataktivitas karies gigi sulung serta melihat hubungan keadaan intraoral dengankeefektifitasan SDF dalam menghambat aktivitas karies gigi sulung pada anak. 115anak karies dentin aktif pada anak 2,5-6 tahun diaplikasikan SDF, selanjutnyadievaluasi setelah 3 dan 10 bulan dan keadaan intraoral diperiksa. Evaluasi setelah 10bulan menunjukkan 69,7% permukaan karies aktif menjadi terhenti. Uji statistikmenunjukkan karies aktif yang diaplikasikan SDF memiliki peluang 9.9 kali menjaditerhenti setelah 3 bulan, dan 6.4 kali setelah 10 bulan. Serta terdapat korelasi negatifbermakna secara statistik antara pulpitis dan skor pufa dengan keberhasilanintervensi SDF.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of SDF ininhibiting dental caries activity on primary teeth and find the relationship betweenintraoral situation with effectiveness of SDF in inhibiting childhood caries activity.115 children 2,5-6 years were applicated SDF on teeth that have active dentin caries,and then evaluated after 3 and 10 months. Intraoral state was examined. Evaluationafter 10 months showed 69.7% surface active caries to be arrested. The statistical testshowed that the active caries applied SDF have chance 9.9 times becoming arrestedafter 3 months, and 6.4 times after 10 months. There is a negative correlationstatistical significance of pulpitis and PUFA index with SDF intervention success."

"Latar Belakang: Nano Silver Fluoride NSF memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans bakteri penyebab karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh NSF terhadap viabilitas S.mutans dalam berbagai fase pembentukan biofilm. Metode: Biofilm S.mutans diinkubasi selama 4 jam fase adhesi, 12 jam fase akumulasi aktif dan 24 jam fase maturasi pada suhu 37 C. Ketiga model biofilm dipapar NSF dengan konsentrasi Ag 0,4 F- 2,26, Ag 0,9 F- 2,26, Ag 1,4 F- 2,26, Ag 1,9 F- 2,26 selama 1 jam. Persentase viabilitas dinilai dengan menggunakan MTT assay. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna p>0,05 antara viabilitas biofilm pada fase adhesi, fase akumulasi aktif, ataupun fase maturasi. Kesimpulan: NSF mampu menurunkan viabilitas biofilm S.mutans dalam berbagai fase pembentukan.

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Background: Nano Silver Fluoride NSF has antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans that cause dental caries.

Objective: To analyze the effect of NSF on the viability of S.mutans in various phases of biofilm formation.

Methods: S.mutans biofilm was incubated for 4 hours adherence phase, 12 hours active accumulation phase and 24 hours maturation phase at 37 C then exposed by NSF at concentration Ag 0,4 F 2,26, Ag 0,9 F 2,26, Ag 1,4 F 2,26, Ag 1,9 F 2,26 for 1 hour. The percentage of viability was tested with MTT assay.

Result: Biofilm viability of S.mutans in various phases showed no significant difference p 0,05.

Conclusion: NSF can reduce the viability of S.mutans in various phases of biofilm formation."

"Tujuan: Diketahuinya perbandingan efektiftas aplikasi silver diamine fluoride dengan propolis fluoride dalam menghambat karies gigi sulung. Metode: 224 anak usia 4-5 tahun dengan karies dentin aktif dialokasikan secara random pada satu diantara 3 kelompok perlakuan untuk pengobatan lesi karies dentin gigi sulung: Kelompok 1- Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride, Kelompok 2- Aplikasi Propolis Fluoride, dan Kelompok 3- Kontrol. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 7 hari, 1 bulan dan 3 bulan untuk menilai banyaknya lesi karies yang menjadi terhenti. Hasil: Setelah 3 bulan, 163 (72,8%) anak menyelesaikan penelitian. Persentase karies yang menjadi terhenti adalah 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% untuk Kelompok 1, Kelompok 2 dan Kelompok 3. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride atau Propolis Fluoride efektif menghambat lesi karies gigi sulung. Silver Diamine Fluoride lebih efektif dalam menghambat lesi karies dibanding Propolis Fluoride, tetapi Propolis Fluoride memiliki keunggulan tidak membuat perubahan warna gigi menjadi hitam.

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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution and topical application of propolis fluoride in arresting active dentine caries in primary teeth.

Methods: A total of 224 children, aged 3-4 years, were randomly allocated to one of three groups for treatment of carious dentine cavities in their primary teeth: group 1- application of SDF, group 2 ? application of Propolis Fluoride, group 3 ? control. Follow-up examinations were carried out 7 days, 1 month and 3 months to assess whether the treated caries lesions had become arrested.

Results: After 3 months follow up, 163 (72,8%) children remained in the study. The caries arrest rates were 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% for group 1, group 2 and group 3.

Conclusion: Application of SDF solution or Propolis Fluoride solution can arrest active dentine caries. Topical application of SDF is more effective than Propolis Fluoride in inhibiting caries lesions progression, but Propolis Fluoride has the advantage that the arrested caries lesion will not turn black in colour like SDF."

"Karies merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi mulut yang paling tinggi pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di Indonesia. Mengobati karies sejak dini dapat menghilangkan rasa sakit dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak. SDF merupakan salah satu perawatan karies pada gigi sulung. 59 anak usia 3-5 tahun di Serpong diaplikasikan SDF pada permukaan gigi sulung yang karies dan di evaluasi setelah 3 bulan. Ibu subjek diberikan kuisioner pengukuran kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi SDF. Setelah dioleskan SDF, 89,36% karies terhenti. Kualitas hidup 59 subjek meningkat setelah aplikasi SDF (p < 0,05). SDF efektif dalam menghentikan karies gigi sulung dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak.

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Caries is the highest oral health problem in children aged 3-5 yeard old in Indonesia. Early caries treatment can heal tootache and increase quality of life. SDF is one of caries treatment for primary teeth. 59 children aged 3-5 years old were applied SDF and evaluated 3 months later. Mothers are given quality of life questionairre before and after SDF application. After SDF application, 89,36% caries are arrested. Quality of life of the subjects are increased after SDF application (p<0,05). SDF is effective in treating primary teeth caries and increase children quality of life."

"Latar Belakang: Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya tentang fluoride varnish< (FV) telah dilakukan dengan menambahkan bahan herbal untuk meningkatkan sifat antibakteri dan efektivitas pelepasan ion fluor. Dalam hal ini, produk FV dengan tambahan bahan herbal belum diketahui efek remineralisasi dan peningkatan kekerasan mikro pada gigi manusia yang didemineralisasi secara in vitro. Tujuan: Menganalisis potensi remineralisasi dan peningkatan kekerasan mikro enamel gigi setelah aplikasi hasil fabrikasi FV dengan tambahan bahan herbal. Metode: Ekstrak daun konsentrasi 0,1 mg/L dibuat dengan metode pemanasan konveksi pada suhu 40oC dan FV diaduk pada suhu 90oC serta kecepatan pengadukan sebesar 280 rpm. Spesimen gigi direndam dalam larutan demineralisasi yang mengandung trisodium fosfat, kalsium klor, dan asam asetat dengan pH 4,6 selama 4 hari. Setelah itu, spesimen diaplikasikan FV sesuai dengan masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Hasil: FVRR (Fluoride Varnish Ruku-Ruku) dan FVSM (Fluoride Varnish Sirih Merah) memiliki jumlah kumulatif dan persentase pelepasan ion fluor yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan CWV. Analisis CLSM memperlihatkan adanya pengurangan lesi demineralisasi pada FVRR dan FVSM. Peningkatan kekerasan enamel kelompok FVRR dan FVSM lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok CWV dan kontrol negatif. Kesimpulan: Potensi remineralisasi dan peningkatan kekerasan mikro enamel gigi setelah aplikasi FVRR dan FVSM lebih baik dibandingkan dengan CWV. 

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Background: Several previous studies on fluoride varnish (FV) have been carried out by adding herbal ingredients to increase the antibacterial properties and effectiveness of fluoride ion release. In this case, FV with the addition of herbal ingredients have not been known to have the effect for remineralization and restoration enamel microhardness on demineralized human teeth. 

Aim: To analyze the potential for remineralization and restoration enamel microhardness after the application of FV with the addition of herbal ingredients. 

Methods: Leaves extract concentration of 0.1 mg/L was prepared by convection heating method at 40oC and FV was stirred at 90oC with a stirring speed of 280 rpm. The tooth specimens were immersed in a demineralized solution containing trisodium phosphate, calcium chlorine and acetic acid with a pH of 4.6 for 4 days. Then, the specimens were applied FV according to each treatment group. 

Results: HBV (Holy Basil Varnish) and RBV (Red Betel Varnish) had higher cumulative amount and percentage of fluoride ion release compared to CWV. CLSM showed reduced demineralizing area in HBV and RBV. The increase in enamel hardness in the HBV and RBV groups was higher than CWV and negative control groups. 

Conclusion: The potential for remineralization and restoration enamel microhardness after application of HBV and RBV is better than CWV."