Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai perbandingan ekspresi miRNA-143 pada serum dan sel eksfoliatif serviks serta hubungannya dengan ekspresi Bcl-2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat ekspresi miRNA-143 antara sampel serum dengan sampel sel eksfoliatif serta hubungannya dengan gen target Bcl-2. Data tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai informasi untuk pengembangan metode noninvasif untuk diagnosis awal kanker serviks. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel serum dan sampel sel eksfoliatif pada subyek normal dan subyek yang terdeteksi kanker serviks kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan qRT-PCR. Sampel pasien kanker serviks sebanyak 15 subyek dan 4 subyek normal digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai kuantitas relatif ekspresi miRNA-143 dan Bcl-2. Analisis tingkat ekspresi miRNA-143 pada sampel serum menunjukkan nilai rerata yang rendah pada subyek normal dibandingkan pasien kanker serviks. Tingkat ekspresi miRNA-143 pada sampel sel menunjukkan hasil berbeda, dengan semakin tinggi derajat keparahan kanker, didapatkan hasil nilai rerata miRNA-143 yang lebih rendah. Analisis distribusi sampel menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara tingkat ekspresi miRNA-143 pada sampel serum dengan sampel sel p < 0,05; Kruskall Wallis . Hubungan antara miRNA-143 dengan gen target Bcl-2 pada penelitian ini menunjukkan korelasi yang lemah dan tidak signifikan r = -0,101; p > 0.05; Pearson .

---

Research had been done on the comparison of miRNA 143 expression in serum and exfoliative cervix cells and its relationship with expression of Bcl 2. This study aims to determine differences in the expression levels of miRNA 143 between serum samples and cell exfoliative samples and its relationship with the target gene Bcl 2. Those data can be used as information for the development of non invasive method for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. The study was conducted by taking samples of serum and cell exfoliative samples in normal subjects and subjects with cervical cancer, then it is analyzed using qRT PCR. 15 samples of cervical cancer patients were obtained, and 4 normal subjects used to obtain the relative expression levels of miRNA 143 and Bcl 2. Analysis of the expression levels of miRNA 143 in the serum samples showed lower average value in normal subjects compared to patients with cervical cancer . MiRNA 143 expression levels in cell samples showed different results with the higher the degree of severity of the cancer, the average value of the miRNA 143 were lower. Analysis of the samples distribution showed that there are significant difference between the expression levels of miRNA 143 in the serum samples with the cell samples p 0.05, Pearson ."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kanker prostat adalah kanker yang paling umum pada pria. Kanker terjadi karena hilangnya kontrol atas proliferasi sel dan apoptosis sehingga sel berproliferasi terus menerus tanpa ada kematian sel. Apoptosis diregulasi oleh beberapa protein tertentu diantaranya protein keluarga Bcl-2 dan protein kanal. Perkembangan kanker prostat memerlukan transformasi dari sel epitel yang normal menjadi sel ganas yang kehilangan kemampuan untuk mengakumulasi zinc. Salah satu efek utama zinc adalah mencegah pertumbuhan sel kanker prostat dengan menginduksi apoptosis dengan memfasilitasi proses pembentukan pori Bax yang memulai apoptogenesis mitokondria. Selain keluarga Bcl-2, VDAC1 juga berperan penting dalam proses apoptosis. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan Bcl-2 mempunyai kaitan erat dengan VDAC1 terkait proses apoptosis dan protein pro-apoptotik Bax juga secara langsung berinteraksi dengan VDAC yang kemudian menginduksi keluarnya sitokrom c dari membran mitokondria.Tujuan: Mengevaluasi ekspresi mRNA dari gen mengkode keluarga protein Bcl-2 (Bax dan Bcl-2) dalam proses apoptogenesis pada galur sel kanker prostat yg diinduksi oleh zinc; Mengevaluasi ekspresi mRNA dari gen VDAC1 dalam proses apoptogenesis pada galur sel kanker prostat yang diinduksi oleh zinc; Menganalisis hubungan antara ekspresi VDAC1 dengan protein keluarga Bcl-2 pada apoptogenesis galur sel kanker prostat.Desain: Penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimental in vitro dan analisis statistikMetode: Untuk memperbanyak galur sel kanker prostat (PC3) dilakukan kultur sel, kemudian diberi perlakuan dengan tiga kelompok (kontrol, zinc 20 μM dan staurosporin 0,16 μM). Selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi RNA dan elektroforesis RNA untuk mengetahui keutuhan RNA. Terakhir dilakukan qRT PCR yang kemudian datanya dianalisis secara statistika.Hasil: Ekspresi Bax, Bcl-2 dan VDAC1 pada galur sel kanker prostat (PC-3) yang diberi perlakuan zinc mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan kontrol (tidak diberi perlakuan). Akan tetapi penurunan ekspresi tersebut tidak bernilai signifikan karena nilai p > 0,05 (nilai signifikansi Bax = 0,309; nilai signifikansi Bcl-2 = 0,236; nilai signifikansi VDAC1 = 0,437). VDAC1 mempunyai korelasi yang signifikan (p < 0,05) dengan Bax (p = 0,01) dibandingkan dengan Bcl-2 (p = 0,118).Kesimpulan: Terjadi perubahan ekspresi pada setiap gen (Bax, Bcl-2 dan VDAC1) pada galur sel kanker prostat yang diberi perlakuan zinc dengan yang tidak diberi perlakuan, akan tetapi tidak bernilai signifikan. VDAC1 mempunyai korelasi yang bermakna dengan Bax dan mempunyai korelasi yang tidak bermakna dengan Bcl-2.

ABSTRACT

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Cancer occurs due to loss control of cell proliferation and apoptosis thus continuously proliferating cells without cell death. Apoptosis is regulated by specific proteins including Bcl-2 family proteins and channel proteins. The development of prostate cancer requires the transformation of normal epithelial cells into malignant cells that lose the ability to accumulate zinc. One of the main effects of zinc is to prevent the growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis by facilitating the process of pore formation Bax that started apoptogenesis mitochondrial. In addition to Bcl-2 family, VDAC1 also plays an important role in the process of apoptosis. Some studies suggest Bcl-2 has close links with related VDAC1 apoptosis and pro-apoptotic protein Bax also directly interact with VDAC which then induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial membrane.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of mRNA of the gene encoding the Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) in the process apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line that is induced by zinc; Evaluate the mRNA expression of genes in the process VDAC1 apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line induced by zinc; Analyzing the relationship between the expression of VDAC1 with Bcl-2 family proteins in prostate cancer cell lines apoptogenesis.

Design: This study used an experimental in vitro and statistical analysis

Methods: To reproduce the prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) performed cell culture, then treated with three groups (control, zinc 20 μM and staurosporin 0,16 μM). Furthermore, the isolation of RNA and RNA electrophoresis to determine the integrity of the RNA. Recently performed qRT PCR and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results: The expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1 on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) were treated with zinc decreased than the control (untreated). However, a decrease in the expression of no significant value because the value of p > 0.05 (Bax significant value = 0.309; the value of the significance of Bcl-2 = 0.236; VDAC1 significant value = 0.437). VDAC1 has a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with Bax (p = 0.01) than Bcl-2 (p = 0.118).

Conclusion: There is a change in the expression of each gene (Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1) in prostate cancer cell lines that treated with zinc than untreated, but no significant value. VDAC1 has a significant correlation with Bax and had no significant correlation with Bcl-2.;Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Cancer occurs due to loss control of cell proliferation and apoptosis thus continuously proliferating cells without cell death. Apoptosis is regulated by specific proteins including Bcl-2 family proteins and channel proteins. The development of prostate cancer requires the transformation of normal epithelial cells into malignant cells that lose the ability to accumulate zinc. One of the main effects of zinc is to prevent the growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis by facilitating the process of pore formation Bax that started apoptogenesis mitochondrial. In addition to Bcl-2 family, VDAC1 also plays an important role in the process of apoptosis. Some studies suggest Bcl-2 has close links with related VDAC1 apoptosis and pro-apoptotic protein Bax also directly interact with VDAC which then induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial membrane.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of mRNA of the gene encoding the Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) in the process apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line that is induced by zinc; Evaluate the mRNA expression of genes in the process VDAC1 apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line induced by zinc; Analyzing the relationship between the expression of VDAC1 with Bcl-2 family proteins in prostate cancer cell lines apoptogenesis.

Design: This study used an experimental in vitro and statistical analysis

Methods: To reproduce the prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) performed cell culture, then treated with three groups (control, zinc 20 μM and staurosporin 0,16 μM). Furthermore, the isolation of RNA and RNA electrophoresis to determine the integrity of the RNA. Recently performed qRT PCR and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results: The expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1 on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) were treated with zinc decreased than the control (untreated). However, a decrease in the expression of no significant value because the value of p > 0.05 (Bax significant value = 0.309; the value of the significance of Bcl-2 = 0.236; VDAC1 significant value = 0.437). VDAC1 has a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with Bax (p = 0.01) than Bcl-2 (p = 0.118).

Conclusion: There is a change in the expression of each gene (Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1) in prostate cancer cell lines that treated with zinc than untreated, but no significant value. VDAC1 has a significant correlation with Bax and had no significant correlation with Bcl-2., Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Cancer occurs due to loss control of cell proliferation and apoptosis thus continuously proliferating cells without cell death. Apoptosis is regulated by specific proteins including Bcl-2 family proteins and channel proteins. The development of prostate cancer requires the transformation of normal epithelial cells into malignant cells that lose the ability to accumulate zinc. One of the main effects of zinc is to prevent the growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis by facilitating the process of pore formation Bax that started apoptogenesis mitochondrial. In addition to Bcl-2 family, VDAC1 also plays an important role in the process of apoptosis. Some studies suggest Bcl-2 has close links with related VDAC1 apoptosis and pro-apoptotic protein Bax also directly interact with VDAC which then induces the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial membrane.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of mRNA of the gene encoding the Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) in the process apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line that is induced by zinc; Evaluate the mRNA expression of genes in the process VDAC1 apoptogenesis on prostate cancer cell line induced by zinc; Analyzing the relationship between the expression of VDAC1 with Bcl-2 family proteins in prostate cancer cell lines apoptogenesis.

Design: This study used an experimental in vitro and statistical analysis

Methods: To reproduce the prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) performed cell culture, then treated with three groups (control, zinc 20 μM and staurosporin 0,16 μM). Furthermore, the isolation of RNA and RNA electrophoresis to determine the integrity of the RNA. Recently performed qRT PCR and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results: The expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1 on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) were treated with zinc decreased than the control (untreated). However, a decrease in the expression of no significant value because the value of p > 0.05 (Bax significant value = 0.309; the value of the significance of Bcl-2 = 0.236; VDAC1 significant value = 0.437). VDAC1 has a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with Bax (p = 0.01) than Bcl-2 (p = 0.118).

Conclusion: There is a change in the expression of each gene (Bax, Bcl-2 and VDAC1) in prostate cancer cell lines that treated with zinc than untreated, but no significant value. VDAC1 has a significant correlation with Bax and had no significant correlation with Bcl-2.]"

"ABSTRAKKarsinoma serviks menduduki tempat pertama keganasan di Indonesia lebih dari separuh penderita karsinoma serviks datang berobat dalam stadium lanjut sehingga hasil pengobatan tidak seperti yang diharapkan. Penentuan stadium karsinoma serviks didasarkan pada keadaan klinis dan hasil histopatologi meskipun begitu penentuan prognosis masih memperlihatkan kekurangan dan ketidaksesuain dengan keadaan pasien. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk mempertimbangkan pencarian pendekatan prognosis baru. MicroRNAs miRNAS adalah regulator yang penting pada ekspresi gen yang terlibat dalam banyak jalur intraselular yang penting sebagai gen supresor tumor atau onkogen. Disregulasi ekspresi miRNA telah ditemukan pada banyak keganasan manusia. Beberapa studi fokus pada miRNA sebagai biomarker untuk diagnosis kanker dan berhasil mendapatkan hasil yang menjanjikan. Tujuan memberikan gambaran ekspresi miRNA-21 pada sel dan serum sebagai marker prognosis. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan mengisolasi miRNA-21 dari sampel serum dan sel serviks pasien KSS dan menggunakan RT-PCR untuk menilai ekspresi miRNA-21. Hasil RT-PCR 15 sampel Stadium awal dan lanjut didapatkan ekspresi miRNA-21 pada serum pasien karsinoma serviks stadium awal dan lanjut lebih tinggi dari sampel normal. Stadium awal didapatkan nilai RQ lebih tinggi 3.84 1.02 10.40 kali dari serum normal dan stadium lanjut lebih tinggi 3.94 1.81 6.55 kali dari serum normal sedangkan pada sel didapatkan hasil pada stadium awal didapatkan nilai RQ 2.1 1.06 30.55 lebih tinggi dari sel normal. Pada stadium lanjut didapatkan nilai RQ 0.7 0.12 4.28 yang artinya nilai ekspresi miRNA-21 pada sel lebih rendah 1.42 kali dibanding dari sel normal. Pada penelitian ini miRNA-21 jaringan dengan miRNA serum tidak ada perbedaan bermakna untuk menentukan kanker serviks dengan p>0.05 dengan t-test 0.594 serta ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara miRNA 21 dengan PDCD4 dengan korelasi kuat p

---

ABSTRACTCervical carcinoma was first place in malignancy in Indonesia for more than half of cervical carcinoma patients visit for treatment in advanced stages those medical can rsquo t be expected. Staging of cervical carcinoma based on clinical features and histopathological results despite that prognosis was still showing deficiencies and non conformance with the patient 39 s condition. Therefore it was very important to consider finding a new approach to prognosis. MicroRNAs miRNAs were important regulators in the expression of genes involved in many intracellular pathways that were important as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been found in many human malignancies. Some studies focus on miRNA as a biomarker for the diagnosis of cancer and managed to get promising results. This study aims to provide an overview miRNA 21 expression in the cell and serum as a prognostic marker. This research method was done by isolating miRNA 21 serum samples from patients with SCC and cervical cells and using RT PCR to assess the expression of miRNA 21. Results for 15 samples Stadium early and late obtained miRNA 21 expression in the serum of patients with early stage cervical carcinoma and advanced higher than the normal sample. Early stage values obtained RQ higher 3.84 1 02 10 40 times the normal serum and advanced higher 3.94 1.81 6 55 times the normal serum while the cell was obtained at an early stage values obtained RQ 2.1 1 06 30.55 more higher than normal cells. At an advanced stage RQ values obtained 0.7 0 12 4 28 which means that the value of the expression of miRNA 21 in cells was lower than the 1 42 time of normal cells. In this study, miRNA 21 network with miRNA serum no significant difference to determine cervical cancer p 0.05 with t test 0.594 , and found a significant correlation between miRNA 21 with PDCD4 p"

"Pendahuluan: Sindrom Ovarium Polikistik SOPK merupakan gangguan endokrin tersering penyebab infertifilitas pada wanita usia reproduktif. Wanita-wanita dengan SOPK diketahui memiliki tingkat apoptosis yang rendah dibandingkan dengan wanita tanpa SOPK dan memiliki kadar Anti-Muellerian Hormone AMH yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan wanita tanpa SOPK. Akan tetapi, belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan kadar AMH dengan apoptosis yaitu adanya atresia folikel pada ovarium wanita penderita SOPKTujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar AMH yang tinggi dengan tingkat apoptosis sel granulosa yang terjadi pada pasien SOPK sehingga dapat diketahui salah satu patogenesis kelainan folikulogenesis pada pasien SOPKMetodologi: Studi cross sectional dengan mengambil sampel sel granulosa wanita SOPK dan tanpa SOPK atau kelainan ovarium yang mengikuti program Fertiisasi In Vitro FIV di Yasmin dan SMART-IVF, klinik dr. Sander B Jakarta. Jumlah sampel yaitu 40 sampel yang terdiri dari 20 wanita dengan SOPK dan 20 wanita tanpa SOPK. Tingkat apoptosis dievaluasi dengan mengukur ekspresi mRNA dari gen pengkode protein keluarga apoptotic Bcl2 Bax dan Bcl2 menggunakan metode kuantitatif absolut qPCR. Pengukuran kadar AMH di serum dilakukan dengan metode ELISA.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara kadar AMH wanita SOPK dan kontrol pABSTRACT Background Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PCOS is a common endocrine abnormality in causing infertility in reproductive aged women. Women with PCOS were reported have lower apoptosis rate compared to women without PCOS and have higher level Anti Muellerian Hormone compared to women without PCOS. However, there are no reported studies which directly study to know correlation between AMH level in serum and apoptosis result in follicle atresia in ovarium of PCOS patients.Objective To analysis correlation between serum AMH level and apoptosis in granulosa cell in PCOS pasien that may underlie the folliculogenesis abnormality in PCOS.Methods Cross sectional study of sample from granulose cells women with PCOS and without PCOS or with ovarian abnormalities that following Fertility In Vitro FIV program in Yasmine and SMART ndash IVF, dr. Sander B clinic, Jakarta. Sample number were 40 consisting 20 women with PCOS and 20 women without PCOS. Apoptosis level were evaluated with measuring mRNA expression from gene that of coding apoptotic Bcl2 family Bax and Bcl2 using quantitave absolute method qPCR. AMH level in serum were measured using ELISA method.Results There was a statistical significance difference AMH level between PCOS group and control group p"

"Tujuan: PD-L1 merupakan protein yang berperan dalam pengaturan respon imun terhadap tumor. Peningkatan ekspresi PD-L1 mengakibatkan antigen atau sel kanker dapat terhindar dari sistem imun. Hubungan ekspresi PD-L1 dengan penggunaan imunoterapi dan radioterapi secara bersamaan telah banyak dilakukan. Akan tetapi, saat ini masih belum diketahui hubungan antara ekspresi tersebut dengan toksisitas akut radiasi. Untuk itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara ekspresi PD-L1 dengan toksisitas akut selama radiasi dan 2 bulan paska radiasi. Metoda: 30 pasien kanker serviks lanjut local yang mendapatkan terapi radiasi di Departemen radioterapi RSCM. Pasien dilakukan biopsy 2 kali yaitu pra radiasi eksterna dan paska radiasi eksterna untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan ELISA & IHK PD-L1. Selama menjalani radiasi eksterna dan 2 bulan paska radiasi, pasien dievaluasi toksisitas akut dengan kirteria CTCAE versi 5. Hasil: Ekspresi PD-L1 pada kanker serviks lanjut lokal yang mendapatkan radiasi tidak memengaruhi pada toksisitas akut selama radiasi eksterna dan 2 bulan paska radiasi (p>0,05). Akan tetapi, IHK PD-L1 dengan intesitas ≥ 2 dan ELISA PD-L1 yang mengalami penurunan dari pra radiasi ke paska radiasi, menunjukkan ada kecenderungan memiliki toksisitas yang lebih rendah yaitu ≤ Grade 1. Kesimpulan: Ekspresi PD-L1 tidak menurunkan toksisitas akut radiasi selama radiasi dan 2 bulan paska terapi pada pasien kanker serviks stadium lanjut lokal. Akan tetapi, pada toksisitas akut 2 bulan paska terapi menunjukkan kecenderungan mendapatkan toksisitas radiasi yang lebih rendah pada pasien yang memiliki ekspresi PD-L1.

---

Objectives: PD-L1 is a protein that controls the immune response to tumors. Increased PD-L1 expression results in immune system not detecting cancer cells. There was a correlation between the expression of PD-L1 and the combined use of immunotherapy and radiotherapy. At this time, however, there is no established association between these expression and radiation acute toxicity. Methods: Totally 30 locally advanced cervical cancer patients receiving radiation therapy in the Department of Radiotherapy of RSCM. Biopsy was performed twice, pre-external radiation and post-external radiation for PD-L1 ELISA & IHC tests. The patient was evaluated for radiation of acute toxicity with CTCAE version 5 during external radiation and 2 months post-radiation. Results: The expression of PD-L1 in local advanced cervical cancer which received radiation did not affect acute toxicity during external radiation and 2 months post radiation (p > 0.05). However, PD-L1 CPI with intensity ≥ 2 and PD-L1 ELISA which decreased from pre-radiation to post-radiation, showed a tendency to have lower toxicity, namely ≤ Grade 1. Conclusion: PD-L1 expression in local advanced cervical cancer patients did not reduce the acute toxicity of radiation during external radiation and 2 months post-treatment. Nonetheless, 2 months post-therapy, acute toxicity showed a propensity to lower toxicity in patients with expression of PD-L1."

"Tujuan: PD-L1 merupakan protein yang berperan dalam pengaturan respon imun terhadap tumor. Peningkatan ekspresi PD-L1 mengakibatkan antigen atau sel kanker dapat terhindar dari sistem imun. Hubungan ekspresi PD-L1 dengan penggunaan imunoterapi dan radioterapi secara bersamaan telah banyak dilakukan. Akan tetapi, saat ini masih belum diketahui hubungan antara ekspresi tersebut dengan toksisitas akut radiasi. Untuk itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara ekspresi PD-L1 dengan toksisitas akut selama radiasi dan 2 bulan paska radiasi. Metoda: 30 pasien kanker serviks lanjut local yang mendapatkan terapi radiasi di Departemen radioterapi RSCM. Pasien dilakukan biopsy 2 kali yaitu pra radiasi eksterna dan paska radiasi eksterna untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan ELISA & IHK PD-L1. Selama menjalani radiasi eksterna dan 2 bulan paska radiasi, pasien dievaluasi toksisitas akut dengan kirteria CTCAE versi 5. Hasil: Ekspresi PD-L1 pada kanker serviks lanjut lokal yang mendapatkan radiasi tidak memengaruhi pada toksisitas akut selama radiasi eksterna dan 2 bulan paska radiasi (p>0,05). Akan tetapi, IHK PD-L1 dengan intesitas ≥ 2 dan ELISA PD-L1 yang mengalami penurunan dari pra radiasi ke paska radiasi, menunjukkan ada kecenderungan memiliki toksisitas yang lebih rendah yaitu ≤ Grade 1. Kesimpulan: Ekspresi PD-L1 tidak menurunkan toksisitas akut radiasi selama radiasi dan 2 bulan paska terapi pada pasien kanker serviks stadium lanjut lokal. Akan tetapi, pada toksisitas akut 2 bulan paska terapi menunjukkan kecenderungan mendapatkan toksisitas radiasi yang lebih rendah pada pasien yang memiliki ekspresi PD-L1.

---

Objectives: PD-L1 is a protein that controls the immune response to tumors. Increased PD-L1 expression results in immune system not detecting cancer cells. There was a correlation between the expression of PD-L1 and the combined use of immunotherapy and radiotherapy. At this time, however, there is no established association between these expression and radiation acute toxicity.

Methods: Totally 30 locally advanced cervical cancer patients receiving radiation therapy in the Department of Radiotherapy of RSCM. Biopsy was performed twice, pre-external radiation and post-external radiation for PD-L1 ELISA & IHC tests. The patient was evaluated for radiation of acute toxicity with CTCAE version 5 during external radiation and 2 months post-radiation.

Results: The expression of PD-L1 in local advanced cervical cancer which received radiation did not affect acute toxicity during external radiation and 2 months post radiation (p > 0.05). However, PD-L1 CPI with intensity ≥ 2 and PD-L1 ELISA which decreased from pre-radiation to post-radiation, showed a tendency to have lower toxicity, namely ≤ Grade 1. Conclusion: PD-L1 expression in local advanced cervical cancer patients did not reduce the acute toxicity of radiation during external radiation and 2 months post-treatment. Nonetheless, 2 months post-therapy, acute toxicity showed a propensity to lower toxicity in patients with expression of PD-L1."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Karsinoma urotelial kandung kemih merupakan kasus terbanyak di organ kandung kemih mencapai 90% kasus. Stadium dibedakan menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu non invasif jika belum menembus lapisan muskularis dan invasif jika sudah menembus lapisan muskularis. Kesintasan 5 tahun tergantung dari derajat keganasan dan stadium. Derajat keganasan rendah dan belum invasi muskuler dapat mencapai 90 %, tetapi angka rekurensi berkisar 40-60%. Derajat keganasan tinggi dan sudah invasi hanya berkisar 10-17%. Mitosis dan invasi limfovaskuler berhubungan dengan angka rekurensi tinggi. Namun masih terdapat kontroversial terhadap ekspresi Bcl-2 pada karsinoma urotelial kandung kemih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perbedaan ekspresi Bcl-2 dengan 4 faktor yang berhubungan dengan prognosis yaitu derajat keganasan, stadium, mitosis, dan invasi limfovaskuler.Bahan dan cara: Dilakukan penelitian deskriptif analitik secara potong lintang pada karsinoma urotelial kandung kemih tahun 2010-2014 di Departemen Patologi Anatomi FKUI/RSCM. Didapatkan 21 kasus derajat keganasan rendah dan 21 kasus derajat keganasan tinggi. Dilakukan pulasan Bcl-2 pada seluruh kasus dan dihitung persentasenya dan dilakukan skoring 0-3.Hasil: Usia terbanyak pada dekade 5 sebanyak 27 kasus. Didapatkan 4 kasus ditemukan invasi limfovaskuler. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hubungan antara mitosis dengan derajat keganasan(p:0,000)dengan koefisien korelasi 0,512 Penelitian ini mendapatkan hampir seluruh kasus mengekspresikan Bcl-2 (39 dari 42 kasus), 1 kasus tidak mengekspresikan dan 2 kasus mengekpresikan sedikit. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan antara ekspresi Bcl-2 dengan derajat keganasan (p:0,232), stadium(p:0,455), mitosis(p:0,835), dan invasi limfovaskuler(p:0,087).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi Bcl-2 dengan derajat keganasan, stadium, mitosis, dan invasi limfovaskuler.

---

ABSTRACT

Background: Urothelial carcinoma comprises of 90% of all cases in bladder. There are two groups which are non invasive depend on whether the tumor has reached muscularis mucosa. 5-Years survival rate depend on grading and staging. Low malignant grade and non invasive can reach 90% survival rate, with recurrence rate 40-60%. High malignant grade and invasive tumor has only10-17% survival rate. Mitosis and lymphovascular invasion are related with recurrency. However, there are some controvesi regarding Bcl-2 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate different expression of Bcl-2 with 4 related factors contributy to survival, which are degree of malignancy, stage, mitosis, and lymphovascular invasion.

Material and methods: A retrospective and cross sectional study of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was conducted in 2010-2014 in the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of medicine / RSCM. In this study found 21 cases of low grade and 21 cases of high high grade. Bcl-2 staining performed in all cases and percentages are calculated and made scoring 0-3.

Results: Most case is fifth decade as many as 27 cases. Obtained 4 cases found limfovaskuler invasion. This study obtains the relationship between mitosis with grade of tumor (p: 0.000). There were no differences between the expression of Bcl-2 with the degree of malignancy stage , mitosis and lymphovascular invasion.

Conclusions: There were no associated expression of Bcl-2 with the degree of malignancy, stage, mitosis, and invasion limfovaskuler."

"Latar belakang: Kanker serviks merupakan salah satu kanker yang paling banyak ditemui dengan angka kematian yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) merupakan salah satu biomarker yang berfungsi sebagai faktor prognosis pada kanker serviks. Data ekspresinya terkait berbagai karakteristik kanker serviks yang ditemui pada hasil pemeriksaan Ultrasonografi (USG) dan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) pada pasien kanker serviks di Indonesia masih terbatas.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat ekspresi VEGF, pemeriksaan USG, dan pemeriksaan MRI pada pasien kanker serviks.Metode: Studi diagnostik dengan metode cross-sectional dilakukan pada pasien kanker serviks yang datang ke RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan September 2021 hingga Agustus 2022. Pasien yang didiagnosis kanker serviks yang belum mendapatkan terapi apapun dilakukan biopsi serviks dan pemeriksaan USG dan MRI. Pasien yang tidak dilakukan pemeriksaan USG dan MRI serta biopsi dikeluarkan dari penelitian. Pemeriksaan VEGF dilakukan pada jaringan serviks dan diinterpretasikan menggunakan H-score. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan VEGF dan USG dibandingkan dengan hasil MRI.Hasil: Terdapat 65 subjek yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian (10 subjek stadium awal dan 55 subjek stadium lanjut). Tidak ada perbedaan ekspresi VEGF di antara pasien kanker serviks dihubungkan dengan stadium, tipe histologi, atau ukuran tumor yang berbeda. Ada interreliabilitas minimum antara pemeriksaan VEGF dan MRI. Ada interreliabilitas yang baik antara pemeriksaan USG dan MRI untuk menentukan stadium kanker, invasi parametrium, invasi kelenjar getah bening dan invasi mukosa vesika urinaria dan rektumKesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi VEGF pada pasien kanker serviks dengan karakteristik yang berbeda. Hasil pemeriksaan USG dan MRI sebanding dalam menentukan stadium klinis pada pasien kanker serviks.

---

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate worldwide. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a biomarker that functions as a prognostic factor in cervical cancer. Expression data related to various characteristics of cervical cancer found on the results of Ultrasonography (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examinations in cervical cancer patients in Indonesia are still limited.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between VEGF expression levels, ultrasound examination and MRI examination in cervical cancer patients.

Methods: A diagnostic study using the cross-sectional method was conducted on cervical cancer patients who came to Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022. Patients diagnosed with cervical cancer who had not received any therapy had cervical biopsies and ultrasound and MRI examinations. Patients who did not undergo ultrasound and MRI examinations and biopsies were excluded from the study. VEGF examination was performed on cervical tissue and interpreted using the H-score. The sensitivity and specificity of VEGF and ultrasound examinations were compared with MRI results.

Results: There were 65 subjects enrolled in the study (10 early-stage subjects and 55 advanced-stage subjects). There were no differences in VEGF expression among cervical cancer patients associated with different stages, histological types, or tumor sizes. There is minimal interreliability between VEGF and MRI examinations. There is good interreliability between ultrasound and MRI examinations for determining the stage of cancer, parametrial invasion, lymph node invasion and mucosal invasion of the bladder and rectum.

Conclusions: There are no differences in VEGF expression in cervical cancer patients with different characteristics. The results of ultrasound and MRI examinations are comparable in determining clinical staging in cervical cancer patients."

"Latar Belakang: Potensi lunasin dari ekstrak kedelai telah banyak diketahui memberikan manfaat dalam terapi kanker melalui efek antipoliferatifnya. Bcl-2 merupakan protein antiapoptosis yang ekspresinya meningkat pada kanker payudara dan dapat mencegah kejadian apoptosis dari sel kanker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kedelai kaya lunasin terhadap ekspresi protein Bcl-2 sel kanker payudara tikus yang diinduksi DMBA. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan bahan biologi tersimpan dari jaringan kanker payudara tikus jenis Sprague-Dawley (SD) yang telah diberi perlakuan dalam 5 kelompok percobaan dan dipulas dengan pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Identifikasi ekspresi Bcl-2 dilakukan dengan aplikasi ImageJ dan dikuantifikasi menggunakan metode H-score untuk dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil: Hasil H-score setiap kelompok secara berurutan dari tertinggi adalah kontrol negatif (171,61%), lunasin kuratif (156,28%), kontrol positif (147,92%), adjuvan (142,12%), dan kelompok normal (127,22%). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada uji perbandingan tiap dua kelompok kecuali pada kelompok normal-adjuvan, kontrol positif-adjuvan, kontrol positif-kuratif, serta adjuvan-kuratif. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak kedelai kaya lunasin mampu menunrunkan ekspresi protein Bcl-2 sel kanker payudara payudara tikus yang diinduksi DMBA. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara kelompok lunasin dengan tamoksifen. Kelompok adjuvan lebih efektif dalam menurunkan ekspresi Bcl-2 dengan hasil yang tidak berbeda secara statistik dengan kelompok normal.

---

Background: The potential of lunasin from soybean extract has been widely known to provide benefits in cancer therapy through its antiproliferative effect. Bcl-2 is an antiapoptotic protein whose expression increases in breast cancer and can prevent apoptosis in cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administration of lunasin-rich soybean extract on the expression of Bcl-2 protein in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer cells. 

Methods: The study used stored biological material from breast cancer tissue of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that had been treated in 5 experimental groups and stained immunohistochemically. Identification of Bcl-2 expression was carried out using ImageJ application and quantified using the H-score method for statistical analysis. 

Results: The results of the H-scores of each group sequentially from the highest were negative control (171.61%), curative lunasin (156.28%), positive control (147.92%), adjuvant (142.12%), and group normal (127.22%). There were significant differences in the comparison test of each of the two groups except for the normaladjuvant, positive-adjuvant control, positive-curative control, and adjuvant-curative group. 

Conclusion: The administration of lunasin-rich soybean extract was able to reduce the expression of Bcl-2 protein in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer cells. There was no statistically significant difference between the lunasin and tamoxifen groups. The adjuvant group was more effective in reducing Bcl-2 expression with results that were not statistically different from the normal group."

"Pada awalnya imunologi dianggap tidak memiliki peran dalam penyakit kanker, namunberbagai penelitian saat ini telah membuktikan bahwa sel imun tubuh dapat menghambatperkembangan sel kanker. Sel imun yang diketahui berperan dalam mematikan sel tumoradalah sel limfosit T sitotoksik CD4+ dan CD8+.Reseptor PD-1 atau programmed death 1 ligand (CD279) sebagai molekul yang bersifatmensupresi proses imunologi dihasilkan pada membran plasma sel T dan jika berikatandengan PD-L1 akan menekan respon imun, ekspresi berlebihan dari PD-L1 akanmenekan respons dari sel imun terutama sel limfosit T.Saat ini rasio neutrofil-limfosit (NLR) darah dikenal sebagai salah satu petanda untukprognosis maupun prediktor dalam terapi kanker. Peningkatan jumlah neutrofil di darahperifer merupakan petanda dari inflamasi kronik yang menunjukkan gangguan dariimunitas seluler, sedangkan jumlah limfosit darah menunjukkan respons dari sel Tsitotoksik yang baik.Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara NLR pra radiasidengan PD-L1 ELISA pasca radiasi (p=0.010) sehingga NLR pra radiasi dapat digunakansebagai prediktor untuk PD-L1 ELISA pasca radiasi. Tidak ditemukan hubungansignifikan antara PD-L1 intratumoral ELISA dengan sebukan limfosit stromal tumor,namun terdapat kecenderungan hubungan negatif antara PD-L1 intratumoral ELISAdengan sebukan limfosit stromal tumor pasca radiasi.

---

Decades ago immunology was not considered to have role in cancer, but various studieshave now proven that immune cells can inhibit the development of cancer cells. Immunecells that are known to play a role in killing tumor cells are CD4 + and CD8 + cytotoxicT cells.PD-1 receptor or programmed death 1 ligand (CD279) as a molecule that suppresses theimmunological process produced on the T cell plasma membrane and it binds to PD-L1will suppress the immune response, thus excessive expression of PD-L1 will suppressthe response of immune cells especially T cell lymphocytesRecently the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is known as one of the markers for theprognosis and predictor of cancer therapy. An increase in the number of neutrophils inperipheral blood is a sign of chronic inflammation which shows a disruption of cellularimmunity, whereas the number of blood lymphocytes shows a response from normalcytotoxic T cells.This study showed that there was a significant correlation between pre-EBRT NLR andpost EBRT PD-L1 ELISA (p = 0.010) so that pre-EBRT NLR could be used as a predictorfor post EBRT PD-L1 ELISA. No significant relationship was found betweenintratumoral PD-L1 ELISA with a tumor stromal lymphocyte, but there was a trend ofnegative relationship between intratumoral PD-L1 ELISA with a post-radiation tumorstromal lymphocyte"