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"ABSTRACTA good justification for gallium nitride on silicon is a potential for optoelectronic integrated circuits, and its low cost has stimulated the growth of GaN on large size wafers. The application interest for GaN/Si is power electronics. This current work focuses on characterization optical, electro-optical, and microstructural and simulation design of GaN/Si channel waveguide. For the characterization of GaN microstructure, we use SEM, TEM, AFM, and XRD to observe layer thickness, material structure, material roughness, and crystalline quality of materials. Using the guided wave prism coupling technique, we have fully established the index dispersion and, thickness of GaN at room temperature, as well as its surface roughness based on AFM characterization. Futhermore, the thermal dependence of GaN at ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices are determined to be at 1.227 10-5/ K and 1.77 10-5/ K, respectively. The thermal dependence of GaN shows better value than GaAs at the wavelength range of 0.4 - 1.5 m. It has a slightly low-temperature dependence. Results demonstrate that excellent waveguide properties of GaN on silicon with an optical propagation loss of GaN/Si at 633 nm is 2.58 dB/cm, which is higher than the propagation loss of GaN/sapphire at around 1.34 dB/cm. The roughness of GaN/Sapphire and GaN/Si samples have been identified at the range 1.6 - 5.2 nm and 9.6 - 13 nm, respectively. The birefringence of GaN/Si is negative within the range of -0.16 x10-2 to -6.06x10-2. This negative value means that the polarization of the wave is parallel to the optical axis. Electrooptic constants r13 = 1.01 pm/V and r33 = 1.67 pm/V are higher than those obtained for III-V GaAs semiconductors. We compared the results on Si with those on sapphire. Based on a numerical simulation using OptiBPM, the design result has single mode output with 1 m thickness layer of SiO2 at the planar waveguide design, while the channel waveguide design has 1 m thickness layer of GaN. The simulated result that the maximum power output approximately 50- 58 at the plannar and rib waveguide design.

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ABSTRAKA good justification for gallium nitride on silicon is a potential for optoelectronic integrated circuits, and its low cost has stimulated the growth of GaN on large size wafers. The application interest for GaN Si is power electronics. This current work focuses on characterization optical, electro optical, and microstructural and simulation design of GaN Si channel waveguide. For the characterization of GaN microstructure, we use SEM, TEM, AFM, and XRD to observe layer thickness, material structure, material roughness, and crystalline quality of materials. Using the guided wave prism coupling technique, we have fully established the index dispersion and, thickness of GaN at room temperature, as well as its surface roughness based on AFM characterization. Futhermore, the thermal dependence of GaN at ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices are determined to be at 1.227 10 5 K and 1.77 10 5 K, respectively. The thermal dependence of GaN shows better value than GaAs at the wavelength range of 0.4 1.5 m. It has a slightly low temperature dependence. Results demonstrate that excellent waveguide properties of GaN on silicon with an optical propagation loss of GaN Si at 633 nm is 2.58 dB cm, which is higher than the propagation loss of GaN sapphire at around 1.34 dB cm. The roughness of GaN Sapphire and GaN Si samples have been identified at the range 1.6 5.2 nm and 9.6 13 nm, respectively. The birefringence of GaN Si is negative within the range of 0.16 x10 2 to 6.06x10 2. This negative value means that the polarization of the wave is parallel to the optical axis. Electrooptic constants r13 1.01 pm V and r33 1.67 pm V are higher than those obtained for III V GaAs semiconductors. We compared the results on Si with those on sapphire. Based on a numerical simulation using OptiBPM, the design result has single mode output with 1 m thickness layer of SiO2 at the planar waveguide design, while the channel waveguide design has 1 m thickness layer of GaN. The simulated result that the maximum power output approximately 50 58 at the plannar and rib waveguide design."

"ABSTRAKKemajuan teknologi telah mendorong pengembangan material dasar semikonduktor. Beberapa dekade terakhir material Galium Nitrida telah menarik para peneliti untuk dikembangkan karena memiliki beberapa kelebihan, antara lain stabil terhadap suhu yang tinggi, memiliki tingkat penumbuhan epitaksi yang tinggi, konsumsi daya yang rendah dan memiliki celah pita langsung yang tinggi. Hingga saat ini, penelitian terkait pemanfaatan material GaN sebagai divais fotonik aktif telah banyak dilakukan, seperti LED, dioda laser dan detektor. Namun riset material GaN pada divais fotonik pasif, yakni divais berbasis pandu gelombang hingga kini masih sangat minim ditekuni oleh para peneliti. Termotivasi oleh hal tersebut, pada skripsi ini dilakukan desain 1 x 2 optical power divider baik dengan memanfaatkan pandu gelombang linier paralel maupun kombinasi pandu gelombang linier paralel dengan struktur S-bend. Terdapat dua konfigurasi pandu gelombang linier paralel yang didesain, yaitu dua pandu gelombang (directional coupler) dan tiga pandu gelombang (three-guide coupler); keduanya memanfaatkan fenomena coupled mode. Optimasi desain dilakukan dengan metode Finite Difference Beam Propagation Method (FD-BPM). Parameter yang dioptimasi adalah lebar dan tebal pandu gelombang, coupling gap, coupling length dan lebar struktur S-bend. Desain ini dioptimasi untuk beroperasi pada panjang gelombang telekomunikasi, yaitu 1,55 μm.Dari hasil optimasi ditunjukkan bahwa lebar dan tebal terbaik untuk memperoleh propagasi single mode masing-masing adalah sebesar 5 μm. Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil optimasi lebar dan tebal pandu gelombang, ditentukan desain 1 x 2 optical power divider dengan konfigurasi dua dan tiga pandu gelombang linier paralel. Untuk konfigurasi dengan dua pandu gelombang linier paralel didapatkan hasil terbaik dengan coupling gap 7 μm dan coupling length 700 μm; sedangkan dengan konfigurasi tiga pandu gelombang linier paralel didapatkan hasil terbaik dengan coupling gap 7 μm dan coupling length 1000 μm.Dari hasil optimasi 1 x 2 optical power divider berbasis pandu gelombang linier, dilakukan optimasi desain berbasis kombinasi pandu gelombang linier paralel dan struktur S-bend. Dari hasil optimasi dan perbandingan diperoleh bahwa desain 1 x 2 optical power divider berbasis kombinasi pandu gelombang linier dan S-bend yang terbaik adalah dengan konfigurasi tiga pandu gelombang linier paralel dengan coupling gap 7 μm, coupling length 1000 μm; ukuran lebar dan tebal S-bend berturut-turut sebesar 5 μm dan lebar 6 μm. 1 x 2 optical power divider hasil desain ini mampu beroperasi menghasilkan daya keluaran relatif sebesar 93,192 % dengan coupling ratio mendekati ideal 50:50, excess loss 0,3062 dB dan power imbalance mendekati 0 dB.

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ABSTRACT

Technological advancements have encouraged the development of semiconductor materials. In the past few decades, Gallium Nitride material has attracted many researchers due to its advantages, such as high-temperature stability, high epitaxial growth rates, low power consumption, and high direct bandgap.

Until now, studies related to the use of GaN material as active photonic devices have been carried out, such as LEDs, laser diodes and detectors. However, research on GaN material on passive photonic devices, namely waveguide-based devices, has been very little.

This condition motivated us to design 1 x 2 optical power divider using both parallel linear waveguides and parallel linear waveguide combinations with the S-bend structure. Two parallel linear waveguide configurations were designed, namely two waveguides (directional coupler) and three waveguides (three-guide coupler); both of them make use of the coupled mode phenomena. Design optimization was conducted using the Finite Difference Beam Propagation Method (FD-BPM) method. The waveguide parameters optimized were width and thickness, coupling gap, coupling length and width of the S-bend structure. This design was optimized to operate at telecommunications wavelengths, 1.55 μm.

The results showed that the best width and thickness for each single-mode propagation were 5 μm. Furthermore, based on the results of the optimization of the width and thickness of the waveguide, the design of 1 x 2 optical power divider was optimized with two and three parallel linear waveguide configurations. For a configuration with two linear waveguides, the best results were achieved with coupling gap 7 μm and coupling length 700 μm; whereas with the configuration of three parallel linear waveguides, the best results obtained with a coupling gap 7 μm and coupling length 1000 μm.

Next based on the optimization 1 x 2 optical power divider using linear waveguides, design optimization was conducted for a combination of parallel linear waveguides and S-bend structures. The results showed that the best design of 1 x 2 optical power divider was achieved by using three parallel linear waveguides and S-bend structures with coupling gap 7 μm, coupling length 1000 μm; the width and thickness of S-bend were 5 μm and 6 µm wide respectively. The proposed design gave the relative output power of 93.192% with an almost ideal coupling ratio 50:50; excess loss of 0.3062 dB and power imbalance close to 0 dB.

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"[ABSTRAK

Penggunaan gelombang mikro dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini mengalami peningkatan yang sangat pesat seiring berkembangnya teknologi komunikasi dan informasi. Hal ini menimbulkan masalah baru yakni terjadinya polusi gelombang mikro. Untuk mengimbangi dampak negatif polusi interferensi gelombang elektromagnetik, para peneliti mencoba mengembangkan material penyerap gelombang elektromagnetik. Salah satu material yang menjadi kandidat potensial untuk aplikasi penyerap gelombang mikro adalah material berbasis lantanum manganat. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari rekayasa struktur material berbasis lantanum manganat dengan sistem La0,67Ba0,33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 (x = 0; 0,02; 0,04 dan 0,06). Fasa tunggal senyawa La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 berhasil dibuat melalui proses pemaduan mekanik menggunakan prekusor-prekusor La2O3, MnCO3, BaCO3, TiO2, dan NiO dengan tingkat kemurnian tinggi. Selanjutnya serbuk hasil pemaduan mekanik menjalani perlakuan pemanasan pada suhu 1200oC selama 10 jam. Material yang telah dipanaskan kemudian dihaluskan kembali selama 20 jam. Hasil refinement pola difraksi sinar X menunjukkan bahwa senyawa La0,67Ba0,33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 memiliki strukstur kristal monoklinik untuk seluruh variasi x. Kurva histerisis sampel menunjukkan bahwa material ini termasuk magnet lunak. Hasil evaluasi distribusi ukuran partikel material dengan komposisi terbaik yakni La0,67Ba0,33Mn0,06Ni0,03Ti0,03O3 adalah 82,4 nm. Hasil pengujian sifat serapan gelombang mikro pada rentang 8-12,4 GHz menunjukkan material mampu mereduksi gelombang mikro hingga 94 % pada frekuensi 11,4 GHz. Dengan demikian senyawa La0,67Ba0,33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 dapat dijadikan sebagai material penyerap gelombang mikro.;

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ABSTRACT

In recent years, application of microwaves has been increased along with the development of communication and information technology and highly produces electromagnetic wave interference. To solve this problem, scientist tries to develop a new material that could absorb electromagnetic waves. One of potential candidates for absorbing materials is lanthanum manganese-based system. In this research, La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) compound were studied as a microwaves absorber materials. Single phase of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 were successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying method. The mixture of all precursors were first mechanically milled for 20 hours and then sintered at a temperature of 1200oC for 10 h in which a fully crystalline material is ensured. The sintered materials were then re-milled for 20 hours to obtain powder-based nanoparticle. X-ray diffraction refinement shows that the samples have monoclinic structure at all x compositions. The hysteresis curve evaluation showed that the sample materials is soft magnetic. The best composition of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 with x = 0.06 has been evaluated. The compound has 82.4 nm particle size distributions and it is able to absorb up to 94% microwaves at 11.4 GHz. The study concluded the material of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 have a good potential to be a candidate of microwaves absorbing materials.

;In recent years, application of microwaves has been increased along with the development of communication and information technology and highly produces electromagnetic wave interference. To solve this problem, scientist tries to develop a new material that could absorb electromagnetic waves. One of potential candidates for absorbing materials is lanthanum manganese-based system. In this research, La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) compound were studied as a microwaves absorber materials. Single phase of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 were successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying method. The mixture of all precursors were first mechanically milled for 20 hours and then sintered at a temperature of 1200oC for 10 h in which a fully crystalline material is ensured. The sintered materials were then re-milled for 20 hours to obtain powder-based nanoparticle. X-ray diffraction refinement shows that the samples have monoclinic structure at all x compositions. The hysteresis curve evaluation showed that the sample materials is soft magnetic. The best composition of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 with x = 0.06 has been evaluated. The compound has 82.4 nm particle size distributions and it is able to absorb up to 94% microwaves at 11.4 GHz. The study concluded the material of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 have a good potential to be a candidate of microwaves absorbing materials.

, In recent years, application of microwaves has been increased along with the development of communication and information technology and highly produces electromagnetic wave interference. To solve this problem, scientist tries to develop a new material that could absorb electromagnetic waves. One of potential candidates for absorbing materials is lanthanum manganese-based system. In this research, La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) compound were studied as a microwaves absorber materials. Single phase of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 were successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying method. The mixture of all precursors were first mechanically milled for 20 hours and then sintered at a temperature of 1200oC for 10 h in which a fully crystalline material is ensured. The sintered materials were then re-milled for 20 hours to obtain powder-based nanoparticle. X-ray diffraction refinement shows that the samples have monoclinic structure at all x compositions. The hysteresis curve evaluation showed that the sample materials is soft magnetic. The best composition of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 with x = 0.06 has been evaluated. The compound has 82.4 nm particle size distributions and it is able to absorb up to 94% microwaves at 11.4 GHz. The study concluded the material of La0.67Ba0.33Mn1-xNix/2Tix/2O3 have a good potential to be a candidate of microwaves absorbing materials.

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"Penelitian ini membahas tentang realisasi hasil multimaterial scaffold yang menggunakan bahan dua buah Polimer PLA (Polylactic acid) yang belum diketahui mekanikal propertinya, dengan variasi volume tertentu dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan sifat dan struktur mekanikal yang sesuai sebagai scaffold yang akan di aplikasikan dalam bone block. Variasi pengujian dilakukan dengan memberikan perbedaan volume PLA dan PLA ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan mechanical properties multimaterial scaffold yang akan dibentuk. Variasi parameter tersebut akan menghasilkan scaffold dengan porositas dan nilai elastic modulus (Em) yang di dapat melalui uji tekan (compressive test). Fabrikasi yang dilakukan menggunakan FDM (Fuse Deposition Modelling) tricolour dibantu dengan CAD software dalam proses perancangannya. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, single material scaffold dan multi material scaffold memiliki porositas berkisar 25-75%. Dan modulus elastisitas yang didapat dari pengujian tekan pada single material scaffold menujukkan untuk scaffold PLA a sebesar 62,02 Mpa dan scaffold PLA b sebesar 31,01 Mpa. Dan untuk multimaterial scaffold didapat modulus elastisitas dari 48 – 59 Mpa.

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This study discusses the realization of multi scaffold material using two polymer material PLA (Poly(lactic) acid) is not known mechanical properties, with a variation of a certain volume in order to obtain mechanical properties and structure suitable as a scaffold that will be applied in the bone block. Variations testing is done by giving the difference volume PLA α and β PLA aims to compare the mechanical properties multi material scaffold to be formed. Variations of these parameters will result in scaffold porosity and elastic modulus value (Em) in the can through the pressure test (compressive test). Fabrication is carried out using FDM (Fuse Deposition Modeling) tricolor aided by CAD software in the design process. Based on the research conducted, single and multi material scaffold material scaffold material has a porosity ranging from 25-75%. And modulus of elasticity are obtained from the test tap on single scaffold material for PLA scaffold shows amounted to 62.02 Mpa and a PLA scaffold b amounted to 31.01 Mpa. And for multi material obtained scaffold modulus of elasticity of 48-59 Mpa."

"Infeksi saluran kemih terkait kateter (catheter related urinary tract infections/CRUTI) adalah infeksi yang didapat ketika menjalani perawatan di rumah sakit yang dapat memperburuk resistensi antibakteri dan menjadi penyebab utama dari masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Dalam studi ini, bentonit digunakan sebagai matriks pendukung nanopartikel perak, AgNP-NaAlg disintesis menggunakan green method yang mana NaAlg bertindak sebagai agen pereduksi dan penstabil AgNP menghasilkan nanokomposit Bentonit/AgNP-NaAlg yang aktivitas bakterinya dipelajari. Keberhasilan AgNP-NaAlg didukung dengan karakterisasi menggunakan UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, PSA, dan SEM-EDS. Hasil PSA diperoleh ukuran partikel 91.28 nm yang memiliki distribusi partikel paling baik dan stabil dengan konsentrasi AgNO3 0.06% dan nanokomposit Bentonit/AgNP-NaAlg menggunakan FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, AAS, TGA dan hasil TEM diperoleh ukuran rata-rata partikel AgNp sekitar 16.332 nm. Bentonit dapat menurunkan ukuran partikel, meningkatkan stabilitas termal diamati dengan TGA, juga meningkatkan kapasitas retention dan menurunnya kapasitas release maksimumnya. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri pada AgNP-NaAlg dan nanokomposit Bentonit/AgNP-NaAlg dengan metode difusi cakram diperoleh hasil zona hambat yang baik dan efektivitas yang kuat terhadap terhadap bakteri gram positif (Staphylococcus aureus) dan gram negatif (Escherichia coli). Jadi, AgNP dengan green method berbasis biopolimer yang dikombinasikan dengan bentonit dapat dikembangkan sebagai material nano menunjukkan efek sinergis sebagai aplikasi antibakteri yang potensial di masa depan.

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Catheter-related urinary tract infections (CRUTI) are hospital-acquired infections that can worsen antibacterial resistance and become a major cause of public health problems. In this study, bentonite was used as a supporting matrix for silver nanoparticles, AgNP-NaAlg was synthesized using a green method in which NaAlg acted as a reducing and stabilizing agent for AgNP to produce Bentonite / AgNP-NaAlg nanocomposites whose bacterial activity was studied. The success of AgNP-NaAlg was supported by characterization using an UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, PSA, and SEM-EDS. The PSA results obtained a particle size of 91.28 nm which had the best and most stable particle distribution with a concentration of 0.06% AgNO3 and Bentonite / AgNP-NaAlg nanocomposites using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM, AAS, TGA and TEM results obtained mean particle size AgNP is approximately 16,332 nm. Bentonite can decrease the particle size, increase the thermal stability observed with TGA, also increase its retention capacity and decrease its maximum release capacity. The results of the antibacterial activity tests on AgNP-NaAlg and Bentonite / AgNP-NaAlg nanocomposites using the disk diffusion method obtained good inhibition zone results and strong effectiveness against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Thus, AgNP with the biopolymer-based green method combined with bentonite can be developed as a nanomaterial showing a synergistic effect as a potential antibacterial application in the future."

"Kebutuhan energi dunia meningkat seiring peningkatan populasi manusia. Dengan semakin berkurangnya sumberdaya tak terbarukan, manusia mulai mencari sumber energi alternatif yang terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satu sumber energi yang dipilih ialah energi matahari dengan menggunakan sel fotovoltaik/surya. Salah satu sel jenis sel surya ialah sel surya lapis tipis (thin film solar cell/TFSC). Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembuatan senyawa penyerap CuFeS₂ (CFS) dengan metode ball milling. Dari hasil yang diperoleh, data XRD menunjukkan pembentukan senyawa CuFeS₂ tidak efisien jika hanya menggunakan proses ball milling sehingga diperlukan proses anil. Hasil XRD setelah di anil menunjukkan perbedaan drastis. Dan dari hasil UV-Vis diperoleh waktu optimal penggilingan selama lima jam dan komposisi optimal yaitu komposisi 113 dengan unsur sulfur berlebih. Hasil dari pengujian UV-Vis menunjukkan keunggulan sampel dengan komposisi 113 dengan E_g langsung dan tidak-langsung berturut-turut sebesar 1.895 eV dan 1.206 eV. Hasil tersebut memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan yaitu sebesar 0.1 eV untuk E_g langsung dan tidak-langsung dari hasil yang diperoleh dari sampel dengan komposisi 112.

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The world energy demand is increasing as the human population increase. With the decline in non-renewable resources, people are starting to look for renewable energy sources that are renewable and environmentally friendly. One of the energy sources chosen is solar energy using photovoltaic / solar cells. One type of solar cell is the thin layer solar cell (TFSC). This research focuses on the manufacture of the CuFeS₂ (CFS) absorbent compounds using the ball milling method. From the results obtained, XRD data shows that CuFeS₂ compounds are not efficient if they only use the ball milling process so that an annealing process is needed. The XRD results after annealing showed a drastic difference. And from the UV-Vis results, the optimal grinding time was obtained for five hours and the optimal composition was composition 113 with excess sulfur elements. The results from the UV-Vis test showed the superiority of the sample with a composition of 113 with direct and indirect E_g of 1,895 eV and 1,206 eV, respectively. These results have a significant difference of 0.1 eV for direct and indirect E_g from the results obtained from a sample with a composition of 112."

"Sintesis nanozeolit telah dilakukan dengan teknik seeding, dimana seed merupakan zeolit Y dengan tetraetilortosilikat (TEOS) sebagai sumber silika dan aluminium isopropoksida Al[((CH3)2CHO)]3 sebagai sumber aluminium dan tetrametilammonium hidroksida (TMAOH) sebagai molekul pengarah struktur. Proses kristalisasi dilakukan dengan teknik refluks pada suhu 100oC selama 192 jam. Kondisi optimum untuk pertumbuhan kristal zeolit adalah pada pH 9 dengan lama pertumbuhan kristal FAU selama 18 jam pada suhu 100oC dengan volume seed 10 mL dalam 20 mL larutan koloid FAU. Nanozeolit hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, SEM-EDS, FTIR dan BET. Pola XRD menunjukkan nanozeolit memiliki struktur zeolit Y, yang diperkuat dengan rasio Si/Al sebesar 1,84 dari karakterisasi dengan EDS. Pencitraan dengan SEM menunjukkan bahwa kristal zeolit tumbuh saling bertumpuk membentuk agregat dengan ukuran 2 µm. Analisis dengan metode BET menunjukkan luas permukaan spesifik zeolit, diameter pori rata-rata dan volume pori berturut-turut adalah 521,682 m2/g, 10,667 Å, dan 0,2783 cc/g. Untuk pemisahan gas, telah dilakukan sintesis membran nanozeolit pada suatu kasa baja stainless dengan teknik redispersi. Membran selanjutnya diuji untuk aplikasi pemisahan gas metanol-etanol sebagai gas model dan dideteksi menggunakan GC-FID. Pengamatan awal menunjukkan bahwa gas etanol dapat tertahan oleh membran.

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AbstractNanozeolit synthesis was conducted by seeding method, in which the seed is a zeolite Y with tetraethyil orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source and aluminium isopropoxide Al[((CH3)2CHO)]3 as a source of aluminum and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) as the structure directing agent. Crystallization process carried out by using reflux at a temperature of 100oC for 192 hours. The optimum conditions for crystal growth of zeolite crystals at pH 9 with FAU-term growth for 18 hours at a temperature of 100oC with seed volume 10 mL in 20 mL of colloid solution FAU. Nanozeolite synthesis products were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDS, FTIR and BET. XRD pattern shows nanozeolite has the structure of zeolite Y, which is reinforced with Si/Al ratio of 1.84 from the characterization by EDS. SEM imaging showed that the zeolite crystals grow over one another to form aggregates with a size of 2 µm. The analysis by the BET method shows specific surface area of zeolite, average pore diameter and pore volume are 521.682 m2/g, 10.667 Å and 0.2783 cc/g, respectively. For gas separation, synthesis membrane of nanozeolite has been done in a stainless steel mesh by redispersion method. Membranes were then tested for gas separation applications of methanol-ethanol as a gas model and detected using GC-FID. Initial observations indicate that ethanol gas can be restrained by the membrane. "

"[ABSTRAKAnalisa rock physics dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang hubunganantara properti fisis batuan dengan respon gelombang seismik yang menjalarmelaluinya. Tesis ini merupakan sebuah studi kasus pada lapangan Rote, yangmembahas tentang pengaplikasian rock physics sebelum melakukan karakterisasireservoar dengan metode inversi simultan untuk mendapatkan informasi sebaranlitologi dan fluida. Hasil pemodelan AVO menunjukan bahwa nilai gradienamplitudo dari reservoar dengan saturasi hidrokarbon gas lebih tinggi daripadareservoar dengan saturasi minyak. Analisa sensitivitas pada data sumurmenunjukan bahwa atribut impedansi akustik dan terutama VP/VS dapatdigunakan untuk identifikasi litologi, sedangkan identifikasi fluida sulit dilakukankarena separasi yang minim. Hasil inversi atribut VP/VS kemudian digunakanuntuk mendeliniasikan persebaran reservoar (nilai VP/VS rendah).

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ABSTRACTRock physics analysis is performed in aim to describe the relationship betweenrock physical property and seismic wave response which travels through it. Thisthesis is a case study done in Rote field, which discuss the application of rockphysics prior to characterizing the reservoir with simultaneous inversion to obtainlithology distribution as well as fluid prediction. AVO modeling results showsthat the amplitude gradient of the gas saturated reservoir yields higher valuescompared to the brine saturated reservoir. Sensitivity analysis at wells shows thatthe acoustic impedance and mainly VP/VS are useful attributes to be used inidentifying lithologies, meanwhile fluid discrimination is difficult to be performedas the separation is minimal. The VPVS ratio attribute was then used to delineatereservoir distribution., Rock physics analysis is performed in aim to describe the relationship betweenrock physical property and seismic wave response which travels through it. Thisthesis is a case study done in Rote field, which discuss the application of rockphysics prior to characterizing the reservoir with simultaneous inversion to obtainlithology distribution as well as fluid prediction. AVO modeling results showsthat the amplitude gradient of the gas saturated reservoir yields higher valuescompared to the brine saturated reservoir. Sensitivity analysis at wells shows thatthe acoustic impedance and mainly VP/VS are useful attributes to be used inidentifying lithologies, meanwhile fluid discrimination is difficult to be performedas the separation is minimal. The VPVS ratio attribute was then used to delineatereservoir distribution.]"