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"ABSTRAKTUJUAN : Mengetahui insiden metastasis kanker ovarium epitelial yang dilakukan pembedahan primer pada kelenjar getah bening pelvik, paraaorta dan pelvik/paraaorta di RSCM periode Januari 2009 Desember 2015. LATAR BELAKANG : Tatalaksana mengenai limfedenektomi pada kanker ovarium masih merupakan kontroversi. Adanya kekurangan data penelitian prosfektif ataupun RCT tentang patologi antomi merupakan penyebab kontroversi tatalaksana limfedentomi. Namun sampai saat ini sejak 1998 FIGO mengatakan bahwa limfedenektomi pelvik dan paraaorta merupakaan bagian terintegrasi yang tidak dapat dipisahkan pada surgical staging kanker ovarium. Namun penelitian mengenai limfedenektomi masih terbatas, sampai saat belum menemukan adanya publikasi penelitian insiden metastasis kanker ovarium epitelial pada kelenjar getah bening di RSCM. METODE Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang, data diambil dari rekam medis, dari data kanker register didapatkan 1584 daftar rekam medik, namun didapatkan 401 pasien kanker ovarium, dan 306 yang ekslusi, didapatkan 55 data yang masuk kriteria inklusi. HASIL Dari 55 sampel yang dilakukan pembedahan primer pada kanker ovarium tipe epitel. Penyebaran kelenjar getah bening pada kanker epitel ovarium yang dilakukan pembedahan primer pada KGB paraaorta adalah 20 , pelvik 9.1 dan pelvik/paraaorta 23,6 . KESIMPULAN : 1. Insiden metastasis KGB kanker epitel ovarium pada paraaorta sebanyak 20 , pelvik 9,1 dan pada pelvik/paraaorta 23,6 di RSCM dari tahun 2009-2015.. 2. Semakin tinggi stadium, maka semakin tinggi keterlibatan KGB pelvik dan paraaorta . 3. Pada subtipe serosum lebih banyak menyebabkan keterlibatan pada KGB pelvik dan paraaorta . 4. Semakin buruk derajat differensiasinya, maka semakin tinggi keterlibatan pada KGB paraaorta . 5. Pada stadium I subtipe musinosum derajat difensiasi baik dengan keterlibatan pada KGB yang minimal sehingga dapat lebih selektif dalam mempertimbangkan risk dan benefit dari limfedenektomi

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ABSTRACTAIM To evaluate the incidence of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer underwent primary surgery in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from Januari 2009 to December 2015. BACKGROUND The definitive objective of lymphadenectomy in ovarian cancer is still controversial due to the lack of prospective research or randomized controlled trial. Since 1998, FIGO has stated that pelvic and paraaorta lymphadenectomy are part of ovarian cancer surgical staging. But, there is still limited research and still not published the incidence of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer underwent primary surgery in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. METHODS This research is cross sectional from medical records, the INASGO cancer registry. A hundred fifty four medical records were included but we found only 401 ovarian cancer, 306 data were excluded and 55 data were included. RESULTS From 55 epithelial ovarian cancer patients underwent the primary surgery, there are 20 metastasis to paraortic lymph node, 9,1 metastasis to pelvic lymph node, and 23,6 metastasis to both. CONCLUSION 1. Lymph node metastases incident of ovarian epithelial cancer in paraorta amounts 20 , pelvic 9.1 and pelvic or paraortic 23.6 2. Higher the stadium, the lymph node involvements will be higher as well pelvic and paraortic 3. In serous subtype, there is more incidents of lymph node involvements pelvic and paraaortic 4. If the differentiation type is worse, there will be higher rate of pelvic and paraaortic lymph node involvement. 5. In stadium 1 of mucinous subtype with well differentation has minimal lymph node involvement so we can be more selective in considering the risk and benefit of lymphadenectomy. The suggestion is the advanced research needs to be done prospectively by increase the number of samples for finding the metastatic factors to lymph node more accurately. "

"Latar belakang: Kanker ovarium menyumbang 152.000 kematian di seluruh dunia setiap tahun. Apendik merupakan organ intraperitoneal yang rentan terhadap metastasis oleh kanker epitel ovarium. Penentuan keterlibatan apendik merupakan salah satu penentu surgical staging. Surgical staging yang optimal merupakan sebuah kunci untuk tatalaksana setelah operasi serta memperoleh prognosis yang baik, serta peningkatan respon tatalaksana kemoterapi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat keterlibatan apendiks pada pasien-pasien dengan kanker epitel ovarium di RSCM yang menjalani pembedahan primer.Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi metastasis kanker epitelial ovarium ke apendiks yang dilakukan pembedahan primer di RSCM Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang menggunakan data rekam medis pasien kanker ovarium epitelial yang menjalani pembedahan primer dan apendiktomi pada bulan juli 2009-juli 2019 di RSCM Jakarta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dan dilakukan pengambilan data secara acakHasil: Didapatkan 80 subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Dari 80 subjek penelitian, dengan rerata usia 48 tahun. Sebanyak 43 subjek (53,8%) sebagai stadium I, 7 subjek (8,8%) sebagai stadium II, 30 subjek (37,5%) stadium III, dan tidak terdapat stadium IV (0%). Dari 80 subjek yang menjalani apendiktomi, didapatkan 8 subjek (10%) anak sebar ke apendiks, 19 subjek (23,8 %) apendisitis kronis, 53 subjek (66,3%) tidak terdapat anak sebar. Dari 8 subjek yang terdapat anak sebar ke apendik dengan temuan histologi 4 musinosum, 2 serosum, 2 endometroid. Sebanyak enam dari delapan subjek terdiagnosis pada stadium klinis stadium III dan dua lainnya pada stadium klinis satu. Dua subjek yang terdiagnosis dari stadium klinis satu memiliki temuan histologi musinosum.Kesimpulan: Terdapat 10 persen pasien kanker epitelial ovarium yang dilakukan pembedahan primer di RSCM memiliki metastasis ke apendiks yang terbagi atas jenis musinosum, serosum, dan endometrioid. Oleh karena itu, apendektomi dapat dipertimbangkan dilakukan pada pembedahan baik stadium awal maupun stadium lanjut.

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Background: Around 152,000 women were death every year because of ovarian cancer. Appendix is an intraperitoneal organ which prone to ovarian epithelial cancer metastasis. Appendix involvement is one of surgical staging scoring. Optimal surgical staging is one of key point to determine post operation treatment, accurate prognosis, and better chemotherapy response. This research was done to see appendix involvement from primary surgery in ovarian epithelial cancer at RSCM Aim: To determine prevalence of metastasis to the appendix from primary surgery in ovarian epithelial cancer at RSCM Method: This cross sectional study used ovarian epithelial cancer patient medical record which primary surgery and appendectomy were conducted on July 2009-July 2019 at RSCM. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were counted and consecutive random sampling were used. Result: Eighty subjects which were taken from inclusion and exclusion criteria has average age on 48 years old. Out of 80, 43 subjects (53.8%) were defined as stadium I patient, 7 subjects (8.8%) as stadium II, 30 subjects (37.5%) as stadium III, and none of them as stadium IV. Appendectomy were done and eight subjects (10%) has metastasis to the appendix. On the other hand, 19 subjects (23.8%) have chronic appendicitis and 53 subjects (66.3%) doesn't have metastasis to the appendix. From eight subjects which has appendix involvement, four were defined have mucinous histology, two serous, and two endometrioid. Six out of eight were diagnosed at clinical stadium III and two were diagnosed at stadium I. These two stadium I subjects has mucinous histology. Conclusion: There are 10 percent appendix metastases from primary surgery in ovarian epithelial cancer at RSCM which consist of mucinous, serous, and endometrioid histological types. Based on this research, appendectomy can be considered done on surgery whether in early or late stadium."

"Latar belakang: Kanker ovarium menyumbang 152.000 kematian di seluruh duniasetiap tahun. Apendik merupakan organ intraperitoneal yang rentan terhadapmetastasis oleh kanker epitel ovarium. Penentuan keterlibatan apendik merupakansalah satu penentu surgical staging. Surgical staging yang optimal merupakansebuah kunci untuk tatalaksana setelah operasi serta memperoleh prognosis yangbaik, serta peningkatan respon tatalaksana kemoterapi. Oleh karena itu, penelitianini dilakukan untuk melihat keterlibatan apendiks pada pasien-pasien dengankanker epitel ovarium di RSCM yang menjalani pembedahan primer.Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi metastasis kanker epitelial ovarium ke apendiksyang dilakukan pembedahan primer di RSCMMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang menggunakan data rekammedis pasien kanker ovarium epitelial yang menjalani pembedahan primer danapendiktomi pada bulan juli 2009-juli 2019 di RSCM Jakarta yang memenuhikriteria inklusi, dan dilakukan pengambilan data secara acakHasil: Didapatkan 80 subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi daneksklusi. Dari 80 subjek penelitian, dengan rerata usia 48 tahun. Sebanyak 43subjek (53,8%) sebagai stadium I, 7 subjek (8,8%) sebagai stadium II, 30 subjek(37,5%) stadium III, dan tidak terdapat stadium IV (0%). Dari 80 subjek yangmenjalani apendiktomi, didapatkan 8 subjek (10%) anak sebar ke apendiks, 19subjek (23,8 %) apendisitis kronis, 53 subjek (66,3%) tidak terdapat anak sebar.Dari 8 subjek yang terdapat anak sebar ke apendik dengan temuan histologi 4musinosum, 2 serosum, 2 endometroid. Sebanyak enam dari delapan subjekterdiagnosis pada stadium klinis stadium III dan dua lainnya pada stadium klinissatu. Dua subjek yang terdiagnosis dari stadium klinis satu memiliki temuanhistologi musinosum.Kesimpulan: Terdapat 10 persen pasien kanker epitelial ovarium yang dilakukanpembedahan primer di RSCM memiliki metastasis ke apendiks yang terbagi atasjenis musinosum, serosum, dan endometrioid. Oleh karena itu, apendektomi dapatdipertimbangkan dilakukan pada pembedahan baik stadium awal maupun stadiumlanjut.

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Background: Around 152,000 women were death every year because of ovariancancer. Appendix is an intraperitoneal organ which prone to ovarian epithelialcancer metastasis. Appendix involvement is one of surgical staging scoring.Optimal surgical staging is one of key point to determine post operation treatment,accurate prognosis, and better chemotherapy response. This research was done tosee appendix involvement from primary surgery in ovarian epithelial cancer atRSCMAim: To determine prevalence of metastasis to the appendix from primary surgeryin ovarian epithelial cancer at RSCMMethod: This cross sectional study used ovarian epithelial cancer patient medicalrecord which primary surgery and appendectomy were conducted on July 2009-July 2019 at RSCM. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were counted and consecutiverandom sampling were used.Result: Eighty subjects which were taken from inclusion and exclusion criteria hasaverage age on 48 years old. Out of 80, 43 subjects (53.8%) were defined as stadiumI patient, 7 subjects (8.8%) as stadium II, 30 subjects (37.5%) as stadium III, andnone of them as stadium IV. Appendectomy were done and eight subjects (10%)has metastasis to the appendix. On the other hand, 19 subjects (23.8%) have chronicappendicitis and 53 subjects (66.3%) doesnt have metastasis to the appendix. Fromeight subjects which has appendix involvement, four were defined have mucinoushistology, two serous, and two endometrioid. Six out of eight were diagnosed atclinical stadium III and two were diagnosed at stadium I. These two stadium Isubjects has mucinous histology.Conclusion: There are 10 percent appendix metastases from primary surgery inovarian epithelial cancer at RSCM which consist of mucinous, serous, andendometrioid histological types. Based on this research, appendectomy can beconsidered done on surgery whether in early or late stadium."

"ABSTRAKLATAR BELAKANG: kanker serviks adalah keganasan ginekologi terbanya kedua pada perempuan yang menjadi salah satu masalah utama karena insidensnya yang tinggi dan penyebab kematian utama pada negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics FIGO merevisi terakhir pada tahun 2009, stadium IIA dibagi berdasarkan ukuran tumornya yaitu IIA1 Ukuran lesi primer le;4cm dan IIA2 Ukuran lesi primer >4cm . Revisi ini dilakukan setelah dilakukan analisis pada data, literature dan kasus pada stadium IB yang sudah direvisi sebelumnya pada tahun 1995. Menarik untuk diteliti, apakah perubahan penetapan stadium memperbaiki prognosis atau adakah perbedaan prognosis kanker serviks stadium IIA1 dengan stadium IIA2 secara tidak langsung dengan melihat faktor metastasis kelenjar getah bening. Seperti kita ketahui faktor prognosis yang dominan pada kanker serviks stadium awal adalah faktor metastasis ke kelenjar getah bening. TUJUAN: Membuktikan adanya perbedaan prognosis kanker servik stadium IIa1 dibanding stadium IIa2 berdasarkan kejadian metastasis ke kelenjar getah bening pelvik yang dilakukan histerektomi radikal. METODE: Dengan menggunakan metode potong lintang dilakukan pengambilan data 108 sampel pasien kanker serviks stadium IIA yang dilakukan pembedahan histerektomi radikal di bagian Onkologi Ginekologi RSCM Jakarta sejak tahun 2006 hingga tahun 2016. HASIL: Pasien kanker serviks stadium IIA1 sebanyak 80 74 pasien dan stadium IIA2 sebanyak 28 26 pasien. Pada stadium IIA2 47.79 tahun didapatkan rata rata usia pasien lebih muda dibandingkan IIA1 55.85 tahun . Pada stadium IIA1 juga didapatkan jumlah paritas yang lebih tinggi yaitu 4 sedangkan pada stadium IIA2 dengan jumlah paritas 2.Keterlibatan metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada pasien kanker serviks stadium IIA1 dan IIA2 berjumlah 51 63.75 dan 16 57.14 secara berurutan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan proporsi kejadian metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada kedua kelompok stadium kanker serviks pada stadium IIA dengan nilai p = 0,535. SIMPULAN: Faktor metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada kedua stadium memiliki hasil yang serupa. Tidak terdapat perbedaan proporsi kejadian metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada kedua kelompok stadium kanker serviks stadium IIA1 dan IIA2 yang ditatalaksna dengan histerektomi radikal dan limfadenektomi pelvis. Perubahan penetapan stadium sepertinya tidak memperbaiki prognosis.

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ABSTRACTBACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer in women and become one of the main problem in developing country such as Indonesia due to its high incidence and the leading cause of death ini this country. The latest revision of The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics FIGO in 2009 divides stage IIA into IIA1 primary lesion le 4cm and IIA2 primary lesion 4 cm based on the size of primary lesion. This revision was made after analysis of data, literature dan cases in IB stage that has been revised earlier ini 1995. It is interesting to observe whether the change in staging determination improves the prognosis or is there a difference in the prognosis of stage IIA1 cervical cancer with stage IIA2 indirectly by looking at the metastatic factor of lymph nodes. As we know one of the main prognostic factor in early stage of cervical cancer is metastatic factor to the lymph nodes. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine a difference in prognosis of stage IIA1 cervical cancer compared to stage IIA2 based on the incidence of metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes by radical hysterectomy.METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among 108 stage II cervical cancer patient post radical hysterectomy in obstetric gynecologic department of cipto mangunkusumo hospital since 2006 2016.RESULTS From 108 patients with cervical cancer stage IIA, 80 74 patients are stage IIA1 and the remaining the remaining 28 26 patients are stage IIA2. The average age of patients at stage IIA2 47.79 years younger than IIA1 55.85 years and also patient at stage IIA1 having a higher parity number which is 4 compare to stage IIA2 with the number of parity 2. The Involvement of lymph node metastasis in patients with stage IIA1 and IIA2 cervical cancer were 51 63.75 and 16 57.14 respectively. There was no difference in the proportion of lymph node metastases occurring in both cervical cancer stage groups at stage IIA with p 0,535.CONCLUSION Metastatic factor to lymphnode in both stage have the same result. There was no difference in the proportion of lymph node metastasis occurring in both stage IIA1 and IIA2 cervical cancer stage which was corrected with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Changing staging does not seem to improve the prognosis."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker ovarium epitelial merupakan jenis keganasan ovarium yang paling sering ditemukan dan bersifat agresif. Upaya melakukan deteksi dini dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan ginekologi, dikombinasi dengan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, advanced imaging (CT-Scan, MRI) dan pemeriksaan kadar serum CA-125, namun untuk menentukan diagnosis pasti diperlukan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Tujuan: Membandingkan temuan metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada advanced imaging (CT-Scan, MRI) dengan histopatologi pada kasus kanker ovarium epitelial.dan menentukan rentang waktu antara dilakukkan advanced imaging dengan tindakan operasi. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat kohort retrospektif. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien dengan riwayat kanker ovarium epitelial stadium awal yang sudah dilakukan limfadenektomi di RSCM pada tahun 2017-2022 dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data melalui data sekunder. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Mc Nemar atau Kappa. Hasil: Dari karakteristik didapatkan usia rata-rata 48 tahun, paling banyak dengan jenis clear cell carcinoma (36.7%), dan ditemukan paling banyak pada ovarium kanan (43.3%). Hasil advanced imaging tidak memiliki nilai kesepakatan yang berarti dengan hasil histopatologi (Kappa value -0.01, p >0.05). Hasil paling banyak ditemukan metastasis di pelvis kiri. Rentang waktu dilakukannya operasi setelah pemeriksaan advanced imaging, paling banyak dalam waktu kurang dari 3 bulan (50.0%). Kesimpulan: Semakin cepat waktu dilakukan tindakan operasi semakin tinggi survival rate. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara ditemukannya limfadenopati pada advanced imaging dan histopatologi.

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Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common and aggressive type of ovarian malignancy. Efforts aimed at early detection are gynecological examination, combined with ultrasound examination, advanced imaging (CT-Scan, MRI) and CA-125 levels, but to determine a definite diagnosis a histopathological examination is needed. Objective: To compare the findings of lymph node metastases on advanced imaging (CT-Scan, MRI) with histopathology in cases of epithelial ovarian cancer. And to determine the time interval between advanced imaging and surgery. Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort. The sample of the study was patients with a history of early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer who had undergone lymphadenectomy at RSCM in 2017-2022 by consecutive sampling technique. Data collection through secondary data. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately with the Mc Nemar or Kappa test. Results: The features revealed that the average age was 48 years, that clear cell carcinoma was the most prevalent form (36.7%), and that it was most frequently discovered in the right ovary (43.3%). According to the study's findings, there was no significant correlation between the outcomes of advanced imaging and those of histopathology (Kappa value: -0.01, p >0.05). The results showed that most metastases were found in the left pelvis. This study evaluated the length of surgery following enhanced imaging test revealed that 50% of patients underwent surgery in less than three months on average. Conclusion: The difference between preoperative and intraoperative findings will be minimized if surgery is conducted early. There was no significant correlation between lymphadenopathy findings on advanced imaging and histopathology."

"Latar Belakang: Limfadenektomi memainkan peranan penting dalam operasi surgical staging kanker ovarium. Limfadenektomi merupakan prosedur yang kompleks dan berpotensi menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi intra- dan pascaoperasi. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subtipe histologi dan derajat histopatologi kanker ovarium yang berbeda memiliki kejadian metastasis kelenjar limfe yang berbeda pula, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan klinis.Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi metastasis kelenjar limfe pada pasien kanker ovarium tipe epitel stadium klinis 1 pada berbagai subtipe histologi dan derajat histopatologi.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode potong lintang pada pasien kanker ovarium tipe epitel stadium klinis 1 yang menjalani limfadenektomi di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, pada tahun 2014-2023. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup karakteristik demografi, subtipe histologi, derajat histopatologi, dan status metastasis kelenjar limfe. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square atau uji Fisher's exact.Hasil: Terdapat 106 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Peningkatan stadium akibat metastasis kelenjar limfe ditemukan pada 6.6% subjek. Metastasis kelenjar limfe paling banyak ditemukan pada subtipe histologi serosum derajat tinggi (15.4%) dan derajat diferensiasi buruk (10.6%). Hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik ditemukan antara kejadian metastasis kelenjar limfe dengan derajat diferensiasi (P=0.043), namun tidak dengan subtipe histologi. Tidak terdapat subjek dengan derajat diferensiasi baik-sedang yang mengalami metastasis kelenjar limfe.Kesimpulan: Keputusan untuk melakukan limfadenektomi perlu dipertimbangkan kembali saat melakukan operasi surgical staging pada kanker ovarium tipe epitel stadium klinis 1 dengan derajat diferensiasi baik-sedang. Penelitian lanjutan dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dibutuhkan untuk kesimpulan yang lebih kuat.

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Background: Lymphadenectomy plays an integral role in the surgical staging of ovarian cancer. However, it is a complex procedure that is potentially associated with intra- and post-operative complication. Some studies showed that distinct histologic subtype and grade have different frequencies of lymph node metastases and these might have potential implication for clinical decision making.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of lymph node metastasis in patients with clinically stage 1 epithelial ovarian cancer of various histologic subtype and grade.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study including clinically stage 1 epithelial ovarian cancer patient who underwent lymphadenectomy at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, during the period of 2014-2023. Demographics, histologic subtype, tumor grade, and lymph node status were collected. Comparisons were made with Chi square or Fisher's exact test.

Results: A total of 106 subjects were included in the study. Upstaging due to lymph node metastases were found in 6.6% of subjects. Lymph node metastases were most common in high-grade serous histology (15.4%) and poorly differentiated tumor grade (10.6%). However, a significant association with lymph node metastases rate was found only on tumor grade (P=0.043) and not histologic subtype. Furthermore, no subjects with well-to-moderately differentiated tumor had lymph node metastases.

Conclusions: The decision to perform lymphadenectomy should be reconsidered when performing surgical staging in patients with well-to-moderately differentiated clinically stage 1 epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Additional studies with larger samples are needed for exact conclusion."

"Angka kejadian kanker rektal sekarang ini semakin meningkat. Semakin dini kasus ini dapat didiagnosis, maka prognosis pasien dengan kanker rektal akan semakin baik. Keterlibatan jaringan mesorektal yang ditemukan pada CT Scan abdomen-pelvis merupakan indikasi adanya metastasis pada kelenjar getah bening regional. Keterlibatan jaringan mesorektal pada CT Scan abdomen-pelvis mempengaruhi stadium dan penatalaksanaan pasien kanker rektal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan keterlibatan jaringan mesorektal yang ditemukan pada Computed Tomography abdomen-pelvis pasien kanker rektal dengan metastasis kelenjar getah bening regional. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara keterlibatan jaringan mesorektal dengan metastasis pada kelenjar getah bening regional (pN) pada pasien kanker rektal.

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The incidence of rectal cancer is now increasing. The earlier cases can be diagnosed, the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer are better. Mesorektal tissue involvement were found in the abdominal-pelvic CT scan is an indication of the presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes. Mesorektal tissue involvement on CT scan of the abdomen-pelvis affect stage and management of rectal cancer patients. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of tissue involvement mesorektal found on abdominal-pelvic computed tomography rectal cancer patients with metastatic regional lymph nodes. The results of this study showed no correlation between tissue involvement mesorektal with metastasis in regional lymph nodes (pN) in patients with rectal cancer."

"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma ovarium merupakan tumor ganas ginekologik yang paling mematikan. Metastasis kelenjar getah bening ditemukan pada 78% kasus stadium lanjut yang dilakukan sampling atau diseksi kelenjar getah bening. Metastasis ini juga ditemukan pada kasus yang secara klinis sesuai dengan stadium I dan II. Faktor risiko terjadinya metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada karsinoma ovarium meliputi tipe histologik serosum, tumor high grade, dan kadar CA125 serum yang tinggi pada saat diagnosis. Pemeriksaan ulang kelenjar getah bening negatif pada kasus keganasan ginekologik lain menunjukkan adanya mikrometastasis hingga 8%- 14%. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui insidensi occult metastasis, baik berupa mikrometastasis maupun isolated tumor cells, pada kelenjar getah bening negatif dengan menggunakan pulasan imunohistokimia sitokeratin AE1/AE3 pada karsinoma ovarium dengan berbagai tipe histologik. Metode: Penelitian retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang pada sediaan kelenjar getah bening negatif dari operasi histerosalpingoovorektomi disertai limfadenektomi kasus karsinoma ovarium di RSCM periode Januari 2016 sampai Desember 2020. Pada seluruh blok parafin berisi kelenjar getah bening negatif berukuran >1 cm dilakukan potong dalam dua kali untuk masing-masing dipulas hematoksilin-eosin dan imunohistokimia sitokeratin AE1/AE3. Data imunoekspresi AE1/AE3 dianalisis untuk menentukan mikrometastasis/isolated tumor cells, dan mengetahui hubungannya dengan tipe histologik serosum. Hasil: Dari 57 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi didapatkan rerata usia 49,5 tahun. Tipe histopatologik terbanyak (40,3%) adalah karsinoma sel jernih, 66,7% kasus memiliki tumor high grade, dan 57,9% kasus terdiagnosis pada stadium dini. Occult metastasis didapatkan pada 1 (1,75%) kasus dari seluruh sampel. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan kejadian occult metastasis pada kelompok karsinoma serosum dan non-serosum (p=1). Kesimpulan: Insidensi occult metastasis kelenjar getah bening sebesar 1,75% dari seluruh kasus karsinoma ovarium dalam penelitian ini. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan kejadian occult metastasis pada kelompok karsinoma serosum dan non-serosum.

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Background: Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignant tumor. Lymph node metastases were found in 78% of advanced stage cases that underwent lymph node dissection. These metastases were also found in cases with clinical stage I and II. Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in ovarian carcinoma include serous histologic type, high grade tumor, and high serum CA125 level at diagnosis. Reexamination of negative lymph nodes in cases of other gynecologic malignancies shows micrometastases in up to 8%-14%.

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the incidence of occult metastases, either in the form of micrometastases or isolated tumor cells, in negative lymph nodes by using cytokeratin AE1/AE3 immunohistochemistry in ovarian carcinomas of various histologic types.

Method: A retrospective study with a cross-sectional design on negative lymph node preparations from hysterosalpingoovorectomy surgery accompanied by lymphadenectomy for ovarian carcinoma cases at RSCM January 2016-December 2020. All paraffin blocks containing negative lymph nodes measuring >1 cm were cut in two sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and cytokeratin AE1/AE3. AE1/AE3 immunoexpression data were analyzed to determine micrometastases/isolated tumor cells, and their relationship with serous histological type.

Result: Of the 57 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the mean age was 49.5 years. The most histopathological types (40.3%) were clear cell carcinomas, 66.7% cases had high grade tumors, and 57.9% cases were diagnosed at an early stage. Occult metastases were found in 1 (1.75%) cases of the entire sample. There was no difference in the incidence of occult metastases in the serous and non-serous carcinoma groups (p=1).

Conclusion: The incidence of occult lymph node metastases was 1.75% of all ovarian carcinoma cases in this study. There was no difference in the incidence of occult metastases in the serous and non-serous carcinoma groups.

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"Latar Belakang: CXCR4 adalah reseptor kemokin G-protein 7-transmembran yang diekspresikan pada beberapa sel kanker payudara manusia pada tumor payududara primer dan metastasis yang menyebabkan migrasi sel hematopoietik dari sumsum tulang belakang ke kelenjar getah bening perifer. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa CXCR4 berkaitan dengan metastasis kelenjar getah bening aksilla. Namun, sampai sekarang, tidak ditemukan penelitian yang mengevaluasi peran CXCR4 dalam metastasis kelenjar getah bening sentinel pada kanker payudara stadium dini.Tujuan: Menentukan peran reseptor kemokin CXCR4 pada migrasi sel kanker payudara ke kelenjar getah bening sentinel.Metode: Digunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan mengevaluasi ekspresi CXCR4 pada 32 pasien kanker payudara stadium dini yang menjalani mastektomi di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada periode Maret sampai Juni 2016. Pada seluruh kasus, ekspresi CXCR4 diperiksa dengan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia. Kemudian, dievaluasi hubungan antara ekspresi CXCR4 dengan metastasis kelenjar getah bening sentinel.Hasil: Ekspresi CXCR4 yang tinggi (cut off point ≥ 5) terdeteksi pada 19 dari 32 (59.4%) pasien kanker payudara stadium dini. Dari 19 pasien dengan metastasis kelenjar getah bening sentinel, 16 (84.21%) pasien memiliki ekspresi CXCR4 yang tinggi. Ekspresi CXCR4 berkorelasi signifikan dengan metastasis kelenjar getah bening (p < 0.01).Kesimpulan: Ekspresi CXCR4 yang tinggi berkorelasi signifikan dengan metastasis kelenjar getah bening sentinel pada pasien kanker payudara stadium dini.

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Background: CXCR4 is a 7-transmembrane G-protein chemokine receptor expressed in some human breast cancer cells in both primary breast tumors and metastases that allows for migration of hematopoietic cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral lymph nodes. Previous studies have shown that CXCR4 is associated with axillary lymph node metastases. However, up until now, no studies evaluating the role of CXCR4 in sentinel lymph node metastases in early stage breast cancer patients were found.

Aim: To determine the role of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in breast cancer cells migration to sentinel lymph nodes.

Methods: A cross sectional study design was used by evaluating CXCR4 expression of 32 early stage breast cancer patients that underwent mastectomy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the period of March to June 2016. CXCR4 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in all cases. Associations between CXCR4 expressions and sentinel lymph node metastases were evaluated.

Results: High CXCR4 expression (cut off point ≥ 5) was dectected in 19 of 32 (59.4%) primary early stage breast cancer patients. Of 19 patients with sentinel lymph node metastases, 16 (84.21%) had high expression of CXCR4. The expression of CXCR4 is significantly associated with sentinel lymph node metastases (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: High expression of CXCR4 was significantly correlated with sentinel lymph node metastases in early stage breast cancer patients."

"TujuanUntuk mendapatkan data metastasis KGB retrofaring pada penderita KNF denganpemeriksaan CT nasofaring di Rumah Sakit Kanker “Dharmais”.MetodePenelitian studi deskriptif analitik dari data sekunder CT nasofaring penderitaKNF yang belum mendapatkan terapi radiasi dan kemoterapi. Penilaian metastasisKGB retrofaring dengan diameter aksial minimal ≥ 5 mm yang berada di levelatlas dekat arteri karotis interna. Penilaian massa tumor menurut TNM AJCC edisike-7 tahun 2010. Dilakukan uji statistik untuk mengetahui adanya hubunganmetastasis KGB retrofaring dengan massa tumor, tipe histopatologi, invasi lateral,dan massa tumor melewati midline.Hasil dan diskusiSebanyak 85 penderita KNF dengan subyek terbanyak laki-laki, umur rerata 43,2tahun, metastasis KGB retrofaring sebanyak 81 subyek, dan metastasis KGBservikal level II merupakan metastasis KGB terbanyak.KesimpulanMetastasis KGB retrofaring adalah metastasis KGB terbanyak kedua setelah KGBservikal level II. Kedua metastasis KGB ini merupakan drinase pertama metastasisKGB pada KNF.

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Objectives

To get the data retropharyngeal lymph node metastatic in NPC patients with

nasopharyngeal CT examination in Dharmais Cancer Hospital.

Methods

Analytic descriptive study using secondary data from nasopharyngeal CT

examination of NPC patients who had not received radiation therapy and

chemotherapy. Assessment of retropharyngeal lymph node metastatic with

minimal axial diameter ≥ 5 mm at the level of the atlas near the internal carotid

artery. Tumor mass assessed according to the AJCC TNM 7th edition in 2010.

Performed statistical tests to determine the relationship retropharyneal lymph

node metastatic with tumor mass, histopathologic type, lateral invasion, and

tumor mass through the midline.

Result and discussion

A total of 85 patients with NPC most male subjects, mean age 43.2 years, 81

patients with retropharyngeal lymph node metastatic, and level II cervical lymph

node metastatic is the highest.

Conclusion

Retropharyngeal lymph node metastatic is the second highest after level II

cervical lymph node metastatic. Both of these lymph node metastatic is the first

drainage lymph node metastastic in NPC."