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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kanker paru dan tuberkulosis TB adalah dua masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi. Meningkatnya kasus TB aktif dan reaktivasi TB laten pada pasien kanker paru serta dampak buruknya terhadap prognosis pasien memerlukan upaya untuk melakukan deteksi TB laten pada pasien kanker paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar proporsi TB laten pada pasien kanker paru, karakteristiknya dan hubungan antar keduanya.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dan sampel dikumpulkan secara consecutivesampling terhadap 86 pasien kanker paru baru terdiagnosis di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan Jakarta tahun 2015 hingga 2016. Pemeriksaan sputum Xpert MTB/RIF dilakukan untuk menyingkirkan kemungkinan TB aktif. Penentuan TB laten dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan Interferon Gamma Release Assay IGRA menggunakan alat QuantiFERON-TB Gold-in-Tube QFT-GIT .Hasil: Pemeriksaan TB laten mendapatkan hasil IGRA 11 pasien 12,8 , IGRA - 59 pasien 68,6 dan IGRA indeterminate I 16 pasien 18,6 . Karakteristik sosiodemografi pasien kanker paru dengan TB laten adalah 63,6 laki-laki, rerata usia 56 tahun, 36,4 diimunisasi BCG, 9 dengan kontak erat TB, 72,7 dengan riwayat merokok. Karakteristik klinis pasien tersebut 90 memiliki status gizi normal lebih dengan nilai tengah indeks massa tubuh IMT 19,12 18,24-29,26 kg/m2, nilai tengah hitung limfosit total 1856 1197-4210 sel/ul, 9 dengan komorbid diabetes mellitus, 81,8 tumor paru mengenai lokasi khas predileksi TB paru. Jenis kanker terbanyak adalah adenokarsinoma 81,8 dengan stage lanjut 81,8 dan status tampilan umum 2-3 63,6 . Karakteristik yang menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan hasil IGRA adalah lokasi tumor yang mengenai daerah lesi khas TB secara radiologis. Hitung limfosit total yang rendah berhubungan dengan hasil IGRA I dengan nilai tengah 999,88 277-1492,60 sel/ul.Kesimpulan: Proporsi TB laten pada pasien kanker paru di RSUP Persahabatan adalah 12,8 . Karekteristik pasien kanker paru yang berhubungan dengan TB laten adalah lokasi tumor yang mengenai daerah lesi khas TB walaupun belum dapat disimpulkan hubungannya secara biologis. Hasil IGRA I pada pasien kanker paru dengan hitung limfosit total yang rendah menunjukkan keterbatasan sensitivitas IGRA dalam mendeteksi infeksi TB laten pada pasien imunokompromais.Kata Kunci : infeksi TB laten, kanker paru, IGRA, hitung limfosit total

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ABSTRACTBackground Lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis TB are two major public health problems associated with significant morbidities and mortalities. The increased prevalence of active TB and latent TB reactivation in lung cancer patients and the negative effect of pulmonary TB in lung cancer prognosis underline the need for a through screening of lung cancer patients for latent TB infection LTBI . The aims of this study are to determine the proportion of LTBI in lung cancer patients, their characteristics and the relationship between them.Methods This study used a cross sectional design and sample was collected using consecutive sampling of the 86 newly diagnosed treatment naive lung cancer patients from a referral respiratory hospital, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan Jakarta in 2015 to 2016. The presence of LTBI was determined by Quantiferon TB Gold In Tube QFT GIT after having Mycobacterium TB not detected result from Xpert MTB RIF sputum test. Demographic characteristics and cancer related factors associated with LTBI were investigated.Results There are 11 patients 12,8 with IGRA result and 16 patients 18,6 with IGRA indeterminate I result. Sociodemographic characteristics of lung cancer patients with latent TB are 63,6 male, mean of age 56 years, 36,4 with BCG immunization, 9 had TB close contacts history, 72,7 with a history of smoking. The clinical characteristics of these patients are 90 had a normal nutritional status with the median body mass index BMI 19,12 18,24 29,26 kg m2, the median of total lymphocyte count is 1856 1197 4210 cells ul, 9 with diabetes mellitus as comorbid, 81,8 of lung tumour located in the typical predilection for pulmonary tuberculosis. Most types of lung cancer are adenocarcinomas 81.8 with advanced stage 81,8 and the WHO performance status of 2 3 63,6 . Characteristics having significant relationship with IGRA results is the tumour located in the typical TB area radiologically. Low total lymphocyte count is associated with indeterminate IGRA results with median 999,88 277 1492,6 cells ul.Conclusion The proportion of latent TB in lung cancer patients is 12,8 . Characteristics of patients with lung cancer associated with latent TB is the location of the tumor lesions typical of the area although it can not be concluded biologically. Having indeterminate IGRA results in lung cancer patients with a low total lymphocyte count showed the limitations of QFT GIT in detecting latent TB infection in immunocompromised patients.Key words latent TB infection, lung cancer, IGRA, total lymphocyte count "

"[ABSTRAKPenyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia.Beberapa faktor risiko PPOK juga merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya tuberkulosis (TB).Beberapa penelitian di luar ditemukan prevalens TB paru pada pasien PPOK sekitar 2,6% - 10%.Indonesia khususnya di RSUP Persahabatan belum ada data proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK.Objektif: tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan angka proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta.Metode: desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang. Pasien PPOK (belum diobati dengan obat anti tuberkulosis) yang berkunjung di poliklinik Asma/PPOK RSUP Persahabatan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi.Subjek diperiksa dahak BTA dan pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF. Saat pasien berkunjung, dilakukan anamnesis gejala, eksaserbasi, riwayat merokok, penggunaan kortikosteroid (oral atau inhalasi), komorbid, skor CAT, penilaian status gizi, spirometri dan foto toraks. Semua data dilakukan analisis dengan uji chisquare.Hasil: subjek terbanyak adalah laki-laki (97,3%) dengan kelompok usia 60-79 tahun (74,3%), dengan komorbid terbanyak penyakit jantung (41,9%), gejala klinis terbanyak batuk berdahak (81,1%). Berdasarkan derajat PPOK terbanyak adalah GOLD 3 (44,6%) dan frekuensi eksaserbasi tersering 0-1 (78,4%) dengan menggunakan steroid sebanyak 59,5%. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan pemeriksaan dahak BTA positif 1,4% dan Xpert MTB/RIF positif 2,7%, artinya pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF mempunyai angka kepositifan lebih tinggi dibanding dahak BTA. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK sebanyak 2,7%.Dalam Penelitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara derajat PPOK, status gizi, penggunaan kortikosteroid, status merokok dengan prevalens TB paru pada pasien PPOK (p > 0,05).Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan bermakna pada frekuensi eksaserbasi PPOK, hasil pemeriksaan dahak BTA dan hasil pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF dengan proporsi TB paru (p < 0,05).Kesimpulan: proporsi TB pada pasien PPOK di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta adalah 2,7%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara frekuensi eksaserbasi PPOK dengan proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK (p = 0,0006). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara hasil pemeriksaan dahak BTA dan hasil pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF dengan proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK dengan nilai p < 0,05 (p = 0,000).

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ABSTRACTChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Some of the risk factors for COPD are also risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). Some studies abroad have found the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in COPD patients were 2.6 - 10%. There are no data on the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with COPD in Indonesia, particularly in The Department of Pulmonology PersahabatanHospital, Jakarta. Objective: the purpose of this study is to obtain proportion of pulmonary TB in COPD patients in The Department of Pulmonology Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. COPD patients (anti-tuberculosis drugs naive) who visit the Asthma/COPD clinic PersahabatanHospital which meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects went through acid-fast bacilli sputum smear and Xpert MTB/RIF examination. On patients visit, symptoms, exacerbations history, history of smoking, use of corticosteroids (oral or inhaled), comorbidities, CAT scores, assessment of nutritional status, spirometry and chest X-ray data had been obtained. All data were analyzed with chi-square test. Results: most subjects were male (97.3%) in the age group 60-79 years (74.3%), with mostly found comorbid was heart disease (41.9%), and mostly found clinical symptoms was productive cough (81.1%). Based on classification of COPD is GOLD 3 (44.6%) and the most exacerbation frequency was 0-1 (78.4%) with 59.5% history of steroid usage. In this study, examination of AFB sputum smear positive 1.4% and the Xpert MTB/RIF positive 2.7%, It shows Xpert MTB/RIF examination has a higher positivity rate than AFB sputum smear. The proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD was 2.7%. We also found no statistically significant relationship between classification of COPD, nutritional status, use of corticosteroids, smoking status with the proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in COPD patients (p> 0.05) but we found a significant difference in the exacerbations frequency of COPD, the results of sputum smear examination and the results of Xpert MTB/RIF with proportion of pulmonary TB (p <0.05).Conclusion: the proportion of tuberculosis in patients with COPD in The Department of PulmonologyPersahabatan Hospital Jakarta is 2.7%. There is astatistically significant difference between the frequency of exacerbations of COPD with proportion of pulmonary TB in patients with COPD (p = 0.0006). An association is statistically significant different between the results of sputum smear examination and the results of Xpert MTB/RIF with the proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD with a value of p <0.05 (p = 0.000)., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity andmortality in the world. Some of the risk factors for COPD are also risk factors fortuberculosis (TB). Some studies abroad have found the prevalence of pulmonarytuberculosis in COPD patients were 2.6 - 10%. There are no data on the prevalence ofpulmonary tuberculosis patients with COPD in Indonesia, particularly in The Departmentof Pulmonology Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta. Objective: the purpose of this study is toobtain proportion of pulmonary TB in COPD patients in The Department of PulmonologyPersahabatan Hospital, Jakarta. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. COPD patients(anti-tuberculosis drugs naive) who visit the Asthma/COPD clinic Persahabatan Hospitalwhich meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects went through acid-fast bacillisputum smear and Xpert MTB/RIF examination. On patients visit, symptoms,exacerbations history, history of smoking, use of corticosteroids (oral or inhaled),comorbidities, CAT scores, assessment of nutritional status, spirometry and chest X-raydata had been obtained. All data were analyzed with chi-square test. Results: mostsubjects were male (97.3%) in the age group 60-79 years (74.3%), with mostly foundcomorbid was heart disease (41.9%), and mostly found clinical symptoms was productivecough (81.1%). Based on classification of COPD is GOLD 3 (44.6%) and the mostexacerbation frequency was 0-1 (78.4%) with 59.5% history of steroid usage. In thisstudy, examination of AFB sputum smear positive 1.4% and the Xpert MTB/RIF positive2.7%, It shows Xpert MTB/RIF examination has a higher positivity rate than AFBsputum smear. The proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD was2.7%. We also found no statistically significant relationship between classification ofCOPD, nutritional status, use of corticosteroids, smoking status with the proportion ofpulmonary tuberculosis in COPD patients (p> 0.05) but we found a significant differencein the exacerbations frequency of COPD, the results of sputum smear examination andthe results of Xpert MTB/RIF with proportion of pulmonary TB (p <0.05). Conclusion:the proportion of tuberculosis in patients with COPD in The Department of PulmonologyPersahabatan Hospital Jakarta is 2.7%. There is a statistically significant differencebetween the frequency of exacerbations of COPD with proportion of pulmonary TB inpatients with COPD (p = 0.0006). An association is statistically significant differentbetween the results of sputum smear examination and the results of Xpert MTB/RIF with the proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD with a value of p <0.05 (p = 0.000).]"

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Petugas kesehatan adalah populasi yang rentan terhadap infeksi Tuberkulosis (TB). Salah satu penilaian dalam kontrol infeksi TB adalah melakukan evaluasi pada petugas kesehatan, terutama yang kontak dengan pasien TB. Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) adalah suatu alat untuk pemeriksaan infeksi TB laten. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menetapkan angka proporsi infeksi TB laten pada petugas kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Respirasi Nasional Persahabatan.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 95 subjek dengan cara concecutive sampling. Subjek akan dilakukan anamnesis, foto toraks dan Xpert MTB/RIF untuk menyingkirkan diagnosis TB aktif dan TB MDR.Hasil: Hasil IGRA positif didapatkan pada 37 subjek (38,9%) dan negatif pada 58 subjek (61,1%). Tidak ditemukan kasus TB aktif atau TB MDR. Didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara hasil pemeriksaan IGRA dengan lokasi kerja (P = 0,004).Kesimpulan: Proporsi infeksi TB laten pada petugas kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Respirasi Nasional Persahabatan dengan pemeriksaan IGRA adalah 38,9%.

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Background: Healthcare workers (HCW) are group of population that are prone to tuberculosis (TB) infection. One of the tuberculosis infection control measure is the evaluation of HCW, especially those who have contact with TB patient. Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) is a method for diagnosing latent TB infection (LTBI). The aim of this trial is to determine the proportion of LTBI in HCW in Persahabatan Hospital, a high burden TB hospital in Indonesia.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 95 HCW in Persahabatan Hospital who have contact with TB patient. Sample was recruited by consecutive sampling. The participants were subject to history taking, chest X ray and Xpert MTB/RIF to exclude the diagnosis of active TB infection or multi drug resistant (MDR) TB.Results: Positive IGRA was found in 37 HCW (38,9%) and negative IGRA was found in 58 HCW (61,1%). There were no active TB and MDR TB in HCW. There was a significant association between IGRA result and the work place (P = 0,004).Conclusion: Proportion of LTBI in HCW in Persahabatan Hospital by using IGRA was 38,9%."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:Penelitian ini merupakan studi awal untuk menetapkan proporsi pneumonitis radiasi pada pasien kanker paru yang mendapat radiasi di RSUP Persahabatan.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain retrospektif pada pasien kanker paru yang mendapat radiasi di RSUP Persahabatan antara Juni 2013-Juli 2015. Pengambilan data melalui rekam medik dan dilakukan evaluasi ulang foto toraks 1 bulan pasca radiasi.Hasil: Terdapat 33 pasien kanker paru yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Karakteristik subyek meliputi usia ≥51 tahun (63,6%), laki-laki (66,7%), riwayat merokok (75,8%), IB sedang (60%), dosis radiasi 300-4000 (60,6%), fraksi radiasi 10-19 (60,6%), tidak mempunyai riwayat kemoterapi (54,5%), kanker paru jenis adenokarsinoma (66,7%) dan stage IV (84,84%). Proporsi pneumonitis radiasi berdasarkan foto toraks sebesar 39,4% yang terdiri dari gambaran hazy ground glass opacities, hazy ground glass opacities dan fibrosis serta fibrosis. Ditemukan perbedaan bermakna antara usia, dosis radiasi dan riwayat kemoterapi dengan kejadian pneumonitis radiasi (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Proporsi pneumonitis radiasi berdasarkan foto toraks sebesar 39,4%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara usia, dosis radiasi dan riwayat kemoterapi dengan kejadian pneumonitis radiasi.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: This is a preliminary study to determine proportion radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients who got radiaton in Persahabatan Hospital.Method: This was a retrospective study in lung cancer patients who got radiation in Persahabatan Hospital between June 2013 ? July 2015. Interpretation data were from medical record and did reevaluation chest x ray 1 month after radiation.Result: There were 33 lung cancer patients were filled inclusion criteria. Subjects characteristic were age ≥51 years (63,6%), male (66,7%), history of smoking (75,8%), moderate IB (60%), radiation doses 3000-4000 (60,6%), radiation fractions 10-19 (60,6%), had no history of chemotheraphy (54,5%), adenocarcinoma (66,7%) and stage IV (84,84%). Proportion radiation pneumonitis based on chest x ray were 39,4% that include hazy ground glass opacities, hazy ground glass opacitiesand fibrosis and only fibrosis. There were significant differences between age, radiation doses and history of chemotheraphy with proportion radiation pneumonitis (p<0,05).Conclusion: Proportion radiation pneumonitis based on chest x ray are 39,4%. There are significant differences between age, radiation doses and history of chemotheraphy with proportion radiation pneumonitis (p<0,05)."

"Latar Belakang: Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) adalah patogen jamur oportunistik yang dapat terdeteksi di saluran napas bawah. Kolonisasi P. jirovecii dapat berkembang menjadi infeksi yang disebut sebagai pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Infeksi PCP umumnya terdeteksi di pasien HIV. Pasien tanpa HIV juga dapat mengalami infeksi PCP terutama pada pasien keganasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi kolonisasi P. Jirovecii pada sampel bilasan bronkus dengan pemeriksaan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan deskriptif analitik yang pada pasien terduga kanker paru di RSUP Persahabatan. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien terduga kanker paru yang akan menjalani bronkoskopi sesuai kriteria inklusi. Sampel bilasan bronkus dikirim ke Laboratorium Departemen Parasitologi FKUI untuk ekstraksi DNA dan laboratorium BRIN untuk pemeriksaan PCR konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan gen MtLSU dan mTSSU. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini terdapat 72 subjek penelitian. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 51 laki-laki (70,8%). Rerata usia subjek penelitian adalah 56,6 (9,95) tahun. Subjek penelitian sebagian besar memiliki IMT normal (18,5-22,9 kg/m2). Subjek penelitian sebagian besar adalah perokok baik perokok aktif atau bekas perokok yaitu sebanyak 50 orang (69,4%). Sebanyak 23 orang (31,9%) diantaranya memiliki IB berat (IB >600 batang per tahun). Subjek penelitian yang memiliki riwayat pengobatan TB, baik terkonfirmasi bakteriologis maupun diagnosis klinis, sebanyak 23 orang (31,9%). Sebanyak 26 orang (36,1%) memiliki 1 komorbid sedangkan 10 orang (13,9%) memiliki lebih dari 1 komorbid. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologi atau sitologi bilasan bronkus, dari 72 subjek penelitian terdapat 50 orang (69,4%) terdiagnosis kanker paru, 15 orang (20,9%) bukan kanker paru, dan 7 orang (9,7%) belum diketahui diagnosisnya. Dari 72 sampel yang diperiksa, tidak ada yang menunjukan hasil PCR positif (0%). Kesimpulan: Proporsi P. Jirovecii yang terdeteksi melalui pemeriksaan PCR pada sampel bilasan bronkus pasien terduga kanker paru sebesar 0%. Pemeriksaan PCR untuk mendeteksi P. Jirovecii tidak disarankan untuk pasien kanker yang baru terdiagnosis dan belum dilakukan pengobatan.

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Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can be detected in the human lower respiratory tract without signs or symptoms of acute pneumonia or colonization. P. jirovecii colonization can develop into an infection known as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). PCP infection is commonly detected in HIV patients. However, patients without HIV can also experience PCP infection, especially in malignant patients. This study aims to detect P. Jirovecii colonization in bronchial lavage samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study with descriptive analytics on patients suspected of lung cancer at Persahabatan Hospital. The research subjects were patients with suspected lung cancer who were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data on clinical, radiological, laboratory and histopathological characteristics were taken from medical records. The patient will have a bronchial lavage sample taken during bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes. The samples will be examined at the Parasitology Department Laboratory Universitas Indonesia for DNA extraction and the BRIN laboratory for PCR examination. Results: In this study there were 72 research subjects. The research subjects consisted of 51 men (70.8%). The mean age of the research subjects was 56.6 (9.95) years. Most of the research subjects had normal BMI (18.5-22.9 kg/m2). Most of the research subjects were smokers, either active smokers or former smokers, namely 50 people (69.4%). A total of 23 people (31.9%) had severe IB (IB >600 cigarettes per year). There were 23 research subjects who had a history of TB treatment, whether confirmed bacteriologically or clinically diagnosed, as many as 23 people (31.9%). A total of 26 people (36.1%) had 1 comorbid while 10 people (13.9%) had more than 1 comorbid. Based on histopathological or cytological examination of bronchial lavage, of the 72 research subjects, 50 people (69.4%) were diagnosed with lung cancer, 15 people (20.9%) had no lung cancer, and 7 people (9.7%) had no known diagnosis. Of the 72 samples examined, none showed positive PCR results (0%). Conclusion: The proportion of P. Jirovecii detected by conventional PCR examination in bronchial lavage samples from patients suspected of lung cancer was 0%. PCR examination to detect P. Jirovecii is not recommended for cancer patients who have just been diagnosed and have not received treatment."

"Latar Belakang: Infeksi tuberkulosis laten ITBL merupakan ancaman bagi para petugas kesehatan terutama yang sehari-harinya kontak dengan penderita Tuberkulosis TB. Infeksi TB telah dapat dideteksi sejak lebih dari 100 tahun yang lalu dengan uji tuberkulin tuberculin skin test, TST. Sebagai alternatif terhadap uji tuberkulin saat ini telah tersedia pemeriksaan in vitro berupa pemeriksaan interferon gamma release assay IGRA. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan TST dan IGRA dalam mendiagnosis TB laten pada petugas kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan Jakarta. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan disain potong lintang. Hasil: Prevalens ITBL pada petugas kesehatan di RSUP Persahabatan adalah 66. Sejumlah 67 subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan IGRA dan TST dengan hasil 27 40 subjek dengan hasil pemeriksaan IGRA positif, 42 63 subjek dengan hasil pemeriksaan TST positif dan 44 66 subjek dengan hasil pemeriksaan IGRA dan atau TST positif, dengan kesesuaian sedang ?=0,459. Tidak ada hubungan antara usia dan parut BCG dengan hasil pemeriksaan TST maupun IGRA. Kesimpulan: proporsi ITBL berdasarkan TST lebih besar dibadingkan IGRA dengan kesesuaian sedang

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Introduction: Latent tuberculosis infection LTBI is a threat to the healthcare workers, especially who close contact with tuberculosis TB patients. Tuberculosis infection has been detected since more than 100 years ago with the tuberculin test TST. As an alternative to the tuberculin test now is currently available in vitro examination of interferon gamma release assay IGRA.

Objective: to compare TST and IGRA in the diagnosis of LTBI among healthcare workers in Persahabatan HospitalJakarta.

Method: The study is conducted with a cross sectional design.

Results: The prevalence of latent TB among health care workers in Persahabatan general Hospital was 66 .Of the 67 subjects examined, there were 27 40 subjects with IGRA positive, 42 63 subjects with TST positive and 44 66 subjects with IGRA and or TST positive, with moderate agreement 0,459 . There was no correlation between age and BCG scar with the results of the TST or IGRA.

Conclusion: High proportion of LTBI more positive with TST compare to IGRA, with moderate agreement"

"Latar belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi hiperinflasi paru pada pasien asma persisten di Rumah Sakit Persahabatan Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang kemudian dilakukan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di klinik Asma RSUP Persahabatan dari bulan September-November 2016. Empat puluh lima subjek dengan consecutive sampling dan dilakukan wawancara, pemeriksaan fisis, foto toraks, spirometri dan multiple breath N2-washout MBW . Hiperinflasi paru pada penelitian ini ditentukan berdasarkan peningkatan volume residu/ kapasitas paru total VR/KPT di atas batas atas nilai normal.Hasil: Proporsi hiperinflasi paru pada pasien asma persisten di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta adalah 17,8 8 dari 45 subjek . Nilai tengah VR dalam mililiter adalah 1230 570-2860 . Nilai tengah KRF dalam mililiter adalah 1730 970-3990 . Nilai tengah KPT dalam mililiter adalah 3310 2490-6350 . Rerata rasio VR/KPT adalah 36,39 SD 8,86 . Rerata rasio KRF/KPT adalah 52,86 SD 6,85 . Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara nilai VEP1 dengan hiperinflasi paru pada asma persisten. Penurunan VEP1 0,05 .Kesimpulan: Proporsi hiperinflasi paru pada pasien asma persisten di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta adalah sebesar 17,8 . Hiperinflasi paru pada asma persisten berhubungan dengan derajat obstruksi saluran napas.Kata kunci: hiperinflasi paru, asma persisten, multiple breath N2-washout

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Background The aim of the study is to discover the proportion of lung hyperinflation in patient with persistent asthma in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta.Method A cross sectional study with descriptive analysis was done in Asthma clinic Persahabatan Hospital from September to November 2016. Forty five subjects were recruited consecutively. Interview, physical examination, chest x ray CXR , spirometry and multiple breath N2 washout MBW were performed. Lung hyperinflation was defined as a residual volume total lung capacity RV TLC above the upper limit of normal.Result The proportion of lung hyperinflation in patients with persistent asthma was 17,8 8 of 45 subjects . Median RV in milliliter is 1230 570 2860 . Median functional residual capacity FRC in milliliter is 1730 970 3990 . Median TLC in milliliter is 3310 2490 6350 . Mean RV TLC ratio is 36,39 SD 8,86 . Mean FRC TLC ratio is 52,86 SD 6,85 . There was a significant correlation between forced expiratory volume in 1 second FEV1 value with lung hyperinflation with the decline of FEV1 0,05 .Conclusion The proportion of lung hyperinflation in patient with persistent asthma in Persahabatan Hospital Jakarta was 17,8 . Lung hyperinflation in persistent asthma associated with the degree of airway obstruction."

"Latar belakang: Trombosis vena dalam merupakan komplikasi tersering yang dijumpai pada keganasan. Insidens trombosis vena dalam pada kanker paru sangatlah tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan populasi umum. Saat ini belum ada pedoman alur diagnosis yang dapat menegakkan diagnosis trombosis vena dalam pada kanker paru. Selain itu, penelitian serupa juga belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia sehingga hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi penelitian pendahuluan yang menitikberatkan pada trombosis vena dalam pada kanker paru.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai proporsi trombosis vena dalam menggunakan kriteria klinis yaitu skor Wells’ pada pasien kanker paru yang dirawat di RS Persahabatan.Metode: Desan penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang. Kami melakukan pemeriksaan pada pasien kanker paru yang dirawat sejak September 2012 hingga Februari 2013. Kami menyingkirkan pasien kanker paru dengan penyakit infeksi serta pasien kanker paru dengan sediaan histopatologi yang belum tegak. Pemeriksaan fungsi hemostasis seperti PT, APTT dan D-dimer tetap dilakukan bersama dengan penggunaan kriteria klnis skor Wells’. Diagnosis trombosis vena dalam ditentukan apabila skor Wells berat.Hasil: Subjek dalam penelitian ini terbanyak adalah laki-laki (69,2%) dengan kelompok usia terbanyak yaitu kelompok usia 51-60 tahun (33,3%). Jenis histopatologi yang terbamyak ditemukan adalah jenis adenokarsinoma (57,7%). Hampir sebagian besar pasien yaitu 64 pasien (82,1%) memiliki D-dimer >500 dan hanya 14 pasien (17,9%) dengan D-dimer normal. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan proporsi trombosis vena dalam menggunakan skor Wells adalah 23,1%.%. Faktor-faktor seperti jenis kelamin, usia, riwayat merokok, jenis tumor, stadium tumor, status penampilan, serta fungsi hemostasis tidak berpengaruh terhadap trombosis vena dalam namun nilai D-dimer >500 berpengaruh terhadap trombosis vena dalam.Kesimpulan: Proporsi trombosis vena dalam pada pasien kanker paru di RS Persahabatan hampir sama jumlahnya dengan penelitian-penelitian di negara lain yaitu sekitar 21%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa skor Wells masih mempunyai peran penting dalam menentukan trombosis vena dalam mengingat penggunaannya mudah dan praktis. Penelitian selanjutnya diperlukan untuk menilai metode yang mudah dan sederhana digunakan dalam praktek sehari-hari bersama dengan skor Wells dalam menentukan trombosis vena dalam pada kanker paru.

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Background: Deep vein trombosis (DVT) is the common complication found in malignancy. Its incidence in lung cancer is much higher than in general population. Since there were no current diagnosis guideline which could help identify DVT in lung cancer and there were no similar study conducted before in Indonesia, thus this study could be a pilot study for further research focusing DVT in lung cancer.

Objective: The objective of this study is to find deep vein trombosis proportion among lung cancer patients which is determined by clinical criteria such as Wells’ score in Persahabatan Hospital.

Method: The study design is using a cross-sectional method. We examined the lung cancer patients who were hospitalized within September 2012 to Februari 2013. We excluded the lung cancer patients with infection comorbidity or who had not yet had histopathological confirmation. The hemostatis work up included PT, APTT, and D-dimer were conducted along with clinical Wells’ score criteria. Deep vein trombosis among the patients is determined by severe Wells’ score.

Results: Subjects in this study were mostly male (69,2%) with predominant age group of 51-60 years old (33,3%). Predominant histopathologic sub type was adenocarcinoma (57,7%). Mostly, 64 patients (82,1%) had D-dimer >500 and only 14 patients (17,9%) with normal D-dimer. This study found that deep vein trombosis proportion is 23,1% using Wells’ score. Clinical characteristics such as sex, age, smoking history, tumor cell type, tumor staging, performance status and hemostasis function does not have correlation with DVT but score of D-dimer >500 have correlation with DVT.

Conclusion: The DVT proportion among lung cancer patients in Persahabatan Hospital is similar found in some studies in other countries which is approximately 21%. This study revealed that the simple and practical application of Wells’ score in determining DVT is still have valueable role. Further study is needed to find the best simple and easy methods along with Wells’ score in determining DVT in daily practice."

"Salah satu karakteristik klinis yang sering diamati pada TB paru adalah adanya kavitas paru pada pemeriksaan radiologis dada. Kavitas paru akan menyebabkan prognosis lebih buruk akibat keterlambatan konversi kultur sputum, hasil klinis yang buruk, dan penularan infeksi yang lebih tinggi. Beberapa faktor yang telah ditemukan berkaitan dengan kavitas paru adalah usia tua, jenis kelamin laki-laki, penyakit penyerta diabetes mellitus, dan malnutrisi. Prevalensi malnutrisi pada pasien dengan TB diperkirakan berkisar antara 50% sampai 57%, dan malnutrisi dikaitkan dengan dua kali lipat risiko kematian. Telah lama diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan antara TB dan malnutrisi, tetapi dampak malnutrisi terhadap derajat keparahan TB, yang dilihat dari adanya kaviats paru, masih kurang diketahui dan data yang telah ada masih saling bertentangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dan kavitas paru pada pasien tuberkulosis paru di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang. Sebanyak 134 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria menjadi subjek penelitian di Instalasi Rawat Jalan dan Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan. Pasien pada penelitian ini umumnya berjenis kelamin laki-laki (61,9%) dan berusia 18-59 tahun (92,5%). Mayoritas subjek penelitian termasuk dalam kategori status gizi SGA B (malnutrisi ringan-sedang) sebanyak 77 orang (57,5%), SGA A (status gizi baik) sebanyak 35 orang (26,1%), dan SGA C (malnutrisi berat) sebesar 22 orang (16,4%). Proporsi kavitas paru pada pasien TB paru dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 42 orang (31,3%). Penelitian ini mendapatkan hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara status gizi berdasarkan SGA dan kavitas paru (OR=6,933; 95%CI=1,986-24,205; p=0,002; aOR=7,303 (95%CI=2,060-25,890; p=0,002). Variabel lain yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya kavitas paru adalah pemeriksaan bakteriologis (p=0,016), TB resisten obat (p<0,001), dan perubahan BB (p=0,033). Analisis multivariat mendapatkan bahwa pemodelan dapat memenuhi 29,3% faktor prediktor kejadian kolonisasi dan setelah dimasukkan ke dalam perhitungan, maka probabilitas seorang pasien yang mengalami TB resisten obat dan malnutrisi untuk pembentukan kavitas paru adalah sebesar 95,16%. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dan kavitas paru pada pasien tuberkulosis paru di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan.

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One of the clinical characteristics that is often found in pulmonary TB is the presence of lung cavities on chest radiological examination. Lung cavities will lead to a worse prognosis due to delayed sputum culture conversion, poor clinical outcome, and higher transmission of infection. Several factors that have been found to be related to the lung cavity are elder age, male gender, comorbid diabetes mellitus, and malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition itself in patients with TB is estimated to range from 50% to 57%, and malnutrition is associated with a twofold risk of death. It has long been known that there is a relationship between TB and malnutrition, but the impact of malnutrition on the severity of TB, which is observed from lung cavity presence, is still poorly understood and the available data are conflicting. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and lung cavity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Persahabatan General Hospital. This research is a cross-sectional study. A total of 134 patients who met the criteria became research subjects at the Outpatient and Inpatient Department at the Persahabatan General Hospital. Patients in this study were generally male (61.9%) and aged 18-59 years (92.5%). The majority of research subjects were included in the SGA B (mild-moderate malnutrition) category of 77 people (57.5%), SGA A (good nutritional status) of 35 people (26.1%), and SGA C (severe malnutrition). by 22 people (16.4%). The proportion of lung cavities in pulmonary TB patients in this study were 42 people (31.3%). This study found a statistically significant relationship between nutritional status based on SGA and lung cavities (OR=6.933; 95%CI=1.986-24.205; p=0.002; aOR=7.303 (95%CI=2.060-25.890; p=0.002). Variables Other factors that influenced the formation of lung cavities were bacteriological examination (p=0.016), drug-resistant TB (p<0.001), and changes in weight (p=0.033). Multivariate analysis found that modeling could fulfill 29.3% of the predictors of colonization and after taken into account, the probability of a patient with drug-resistant TB and malnutrition for lung cavity formation is 95.16%. Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and lung cavity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Persahabatan General Hospital."

"Latar Belakang: Salah satu jenis kelompok kanker paru yaitu neoplasma neuroendokrin dikelompokan berdasarakan gambaran histopatologi dengan pervalens 20-25% dari seluruh kanker paru. Karsinoid atipikal adalah tumor derajat menengah yang bersifat lebih agresif dari karsinoid tipikal. Karsinoma neuroendokrin paru sel besar dan karsinoma neuroendokrin paru sel kecil (KPKSK) adalah karsinoma derajat tinggi dengan prognosis yang sangat buruk dan memiliki ekspresi PD-L1. Ekspresi PD- L1 pada karsinoma neuroendokrin berhubungan dengan angka tahan hidup pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi ekspresi PD-L1 pada neoplasma neuroendokrin paru di RSUP PersahabatanMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif potong lintang menggunakan data rekam medis pasien neoplasma neuroendokrin paru yang terdiagnosis secara histopatologi di poliklinik onkologi RSUP Persahabatan. Seluruh status rekam medis pasien neoplasma neuroendokrin paru dari januari 2019 hingga mei 2023 didata. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan januari 2023 hingga agustus 2023. Setelah itu dilanjutkan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia (IHK) PD-L1 menggunakan antibodi 22C3 pada sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inkulsi, lalu dilanjutkan analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 25.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini terdapat tujuh sampel atau 14% sampel yang memiliki memiliki ekspresi PD-L1 positif dari 50 total sampel. Tendensi karakteristik pasien neoplasma neuroendokrin paru pada penelitian ini yaitu jenis kelamin laki-laki, kelompok usia ≥60 tahun, memiliki riwayat merokok dengan indeks brinkman berat, tidak memiliki riwayat pajanan di lingkungan kerja, tidak memiliki riwayat pengobatan TB paru, tidak memiliki riwayat kanker keluarga dan stage lanjut. Proporsi jenis histopatologi neoplasma neuroendokrin paru dari empat kelompok tersebut yaitu dua sampel (4%) karsinoid tipikal, enam sampel (12%) karsinoid atipikal, 31 sampel (62%) karsinoma neuroendokrin paru sel kecil dan 11 sampel (22%) karsinoma neuroendokrin paru sel besar. Ekspresi PD-L1 positif ditemukan pada 3 kelompok yaitu 1 sampel (16,7%) pada kelompok karsinoid atipikal, 4 sampel (12,9%) pada kelompok karsinoma neuroendokrin paru sel besar dan 2 sampel (18,2%) pada sel kecil. Nilai median overall survival untuk kelompok PD-L1 negatif yaitu 9 bulan (IK 95% 3,9-14 bulan) sedangkan pada kelompok PD-L1 positif median OS 8,5 bulan (IK 95% 4,9-12 bulan) dengan p 0,228.Kesimpulan: Ekspresi PD-L1 positif ditemukan sebesaar 14% dari 50 sampel. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspresi PD-L1.

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Background: One type of lung cancer group, namely neuroendocrine neoplasms, is grouped based on histopathological features with a prevalence of 20-25% of all lung cancers. Atypical carcinoids are intermediate grade tumors that are more aggressive than typical carcinoids. Large cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCLC) are high-grade carcinomas with a very poor prognosis and PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression in neuroendocrine carcinoma is associated with patient survival. This study aims to determine the proportion of PD-L1 expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms at Persahabatan General Hospital.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study using medical records of patients with lung neuroendocrine neoplasms diagnosed histopathologically at the oncology polyclinic of Persahabatan General Hospital. All medical records status of lung neuroendocrine neoplasm patients from January 2019 to May 2023 were recorded. The data collection process was carried out from January 2023 to August 2023. After that, the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry examination was continued using the 22C3 antibody on samples that met the inclusion criteria, then continued data analysis using SPSS version 25.

Result: there were seven samples or 14% of the samples had positive PD-L1 expression out of 50 total samples. Characteristics tendency of patients in this study are male, age group ≥60 years, have a history of smoking with a severe Brinkman index, have no history of exposure in the work environment, have no history of pulmonary TB treatment, have no family history of cancer and advanced stage. The proportion of histopathological types of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung from the four groups were two samples (4%) typical carcinoid, six samples (12%) atypical carcinoid, 31 samples (62%) small cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma and 11 samples (22%) lung neuroendocrine carcinoma large cell. Positive PD-L1 expression was found in 3 groups, namely 1 sample (16.7%) in the atypical carcinoid group, 4 samples (12.9%) in the large cell lung neuroendocrine carcinoma group and 2 samples (18.2%) in a small cell. The median overall survival value for the negative PD-L1 group was 9 months (95% CI 3.9-14 months) while in the positive PD-L1 group, the median OS was 8.5 months (95% CI 4.9-12 months) with p 0.228.

Conclusion: Positive PD-L1 expression was found 14% from 50 samples. There was no statistically significant difference between the factors influencing PD-L1 expression."