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"Latar belakang: Sakit perut berulang SPB merupakan penyebab terbanyak dari sakit kronis pada anak. Irritable bowel syndrome IBS merupakan salah satu penyebab terbanyak dari SPB, ditandai oleh nyeri/ rasa tidak nyaman pada perut dan perubahan fungsi saluran cerna. Patofisiologi IBS saat ini banyak dihubungkan dengan gangguan pada mikroflora usus. Belum ada data tentang mikroflora usus pada anak dengan IBS di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui pola mikroflora saluran cerna pada anak penderita IBS dan anak sehat berusia 13-18 tahun di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian kasus-kontrol dilakukan pada 22 anak penderita IBS dan 28 kontrol pada anak usia 13-18 tahun di SMP dan SMA di Jakarta Pusat. Diagnosis IBS menggunakan kriteria Rome III. Usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dicatat saat awal penelitian. Spesimen feses dikumpulkan lalu diperiksa jumlah Bifidobacterium dan Enterobacteriaceae. Hasil: Penderita IBS terbanyak dari perempuan 17/22 dengan median usia 16 tahun. Nilai median Bifidobacterium spp sebesar 138,95 rentang 0,2 ndash;22.735,8 pada kelompok IBS dan 232,5 rentang 1,9 ndash;38.985,6 CFU/gram pada kelompok kontrol. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna Bifidobacterium antara kedua kelompok p=0,493 . Nilai median Enterobacteriaceae sebesar 58,9 rentang 2,5 ndash;9.577,8 CFU/gram pada kelompok IBS dan 85 rentang 12,1 ndash;3.139,4 CFU/gram pada kelompok kontrol. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna Enterobacteriaceae antara kedua kelompok p=0,938. Simpulan: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah Bifidobacterium dan Enterobacteriaceae pada kelompok IBS maupun kontrol. Terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan jumlah Enterobacteriaceae pada kelompok IBS dan peningkatan jumlah Bifidobacterium pada kelompok kontrol.

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Background: Recurrent abdominal pain RAP is the most frequent cause of chronic pain in children. Irritable bowel syndrome IBS is one of the most occuring type of RAP, marked with abdominal pain discomfort and changes in bowel movement. The current pathophysiology of IBS is associated with alterations of gut microflora. Currently, there is no data about gut microflora in children with IBS in Indonesia.

Aim: To evaluate gut microflora in healthy children and children with IBS aged 13 18 years old in Indonesia.

Methods: A case control study was conducted to 22 IBS children and 28 healthy subjects aged 13 18 years old at junior high school and senior high school in Central Jakarta. Irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed using Rome III criteria. Age, sex, and level of education were recorded. Stool samples were collected and investigated for Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae.

Result: Most of the IBS subjects were females 17 22 with a median age 16 years old. The median value of Bifidobacterium spp was 138.95 range 0.2 ndash 22,735.8 for the IBS subjects and 232.5 range 1.9 ndash 38,985.6 CFU gram on healthy subjects with no statistical difference p 0,493 . The median value of Enterobacteriaceae was 58.9 range 2.5 ndash 9,577.8 on IBS subjects and 85 range 12.1 ndash 3,139.4 CFU gram on healthy subjects with no statistical difference p 0,938.

Conclusion: There was no statistical difference for Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae on either IBS or healthy subjects. There was an increasing tendency of Enterobacteriaceae on IBS subjects and increasing tendency of Bifidobacterium on healthy subjects."

"Latar Belakang. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) merupakan nyeri perut berulang pada remaja yang paling banyak terjadi. Irritable bowel syndrome pada remaja akan menimbulkan gangguan yang serius berupa masalah perilakunya. Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan antara masalah perilaku dengan Irritable bowel syndrome pada remaja di Kota Palembang. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang. Semua siswa SMA Nurul Iman dilakukan pencatatan meliputi karakteristik umum, pemeriksaan fisik berupa berat badan dan Tinggi badan. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji Rome III (Irritable bowel syndrome) dan PSC-17 (masalah perilaku). Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil. Dari semua siswa SMA Nurul Iman didapatkan 180 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak memenuhi kriteria eksklusi. Prevalens IBS sebanyak 58 subyek (32,2%) yang terdiri dari 22 subyek dengan IBS subtipe konstipasi, 23 subyek dengan IBS subtipe diare dan 13 subyek dengan IBS subtype campuran. Prevalens masalah perilaku sebesar 40,6% yang terdiri dari 28,9% masalah perilaku internalisasi, 2,8% masalah eksternalisasi, 0,6% masalah perilaku perhatian dan 8,4% variasi dari 3 gangguan. Faktor risiko terjadinya IBS antara lain: mengonsumsi daging olahan, teh, makan terburu-buru, serta dibully. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara IBS dengan masalah perilaku (p=0,001). Nilai Odds Ratio yang diberikan sebesar 3,015 (IK95%=1,580-5,754). Simpulan. Remaja yang mengalami IBS akan mengalami masalah perilaku.

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Background. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the most common recurrent abdominal pain in adolescence, causing serious impairments on behavioral problems. To date, there have no studies on IBS and behavioral problems in Palembang.

Objective. To assess for an association between IBS and behavioral problems in adolescences in Palembang.

Methods. Subjects in this cross-sectional study were adolescences who attended Nurul Iman high school. Their general characteristics, developmental history and physical examination results (including weight and height) were recorded. We administered the Criteria Rome III for IBS and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 (PSC 17) for behavioral problems. Data was analyzed by Chi-square test.

Results. We enrolled 180 adolescences as student in Nurul Iman high school. Prevalences of IBS was 32,2%, consisting of subtype IBS constipation (37,9%), subtype IBS Diarrhea (39,7%), and subtype IBS Mixed (22,4%). The prevalence of behavioral disorders was 40,6%, consisting of internalization (28,9%), externalization (2,8%), attentive problems (0,6%) and various combinations of three problems (8,4%). A significant association was found between IBS and behavioral problems (P=0.001; OR=3.015 95%CI=1.580-5.754).

Conclusion. IBS is significantly associated with behavioral problems."

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) adalah penyakit yang umum pada anak-anak dan remaja, dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Telah ditemukan beberapa faktor risiko IBS, antara lain jenis kelamin, status sosioekonomik, dan gaya hidup. Penelitian mengenai prevalensi, faktor risiko, dan pengaruh IBS pada murid sekolah dasar sangatlah terbatas, khususnya di Indonesia, maka dari itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko, epidemiologi, dan pengaruh IBS terhadap performa akademik dan tingkat absensi. Penelitian potong lintang ini mengikutsertakan murid sekolah dasar di sebuah sekolah negeri di Jakarta. Orangtua diminta untuk mengisi kuisioner yang berisi karakteristik demografik dan kuisioner Rome III. Kami menggunakan metode total sampling. Subjek dikelompokkan menjadi dua kelompok (dengan IBS dan tanpa IBS), guna dibandingkan. Data di analisa menggunakan Pearson Chi-square, dan Mann-Whitney test. Di antara 154 subjek (86 laki-laki dan 68 perempuan) dengan umur median 9,68 tahun, 13 (8,4%) memiliki IBS. Umur, latar belakang pendidikan orangtua, dan kelas tidak berkaitan secara signifikan terhadap IBS. Jenis kelamin berkaitan secara signifikan terhadap IBS dengan perempuan sebagai faktor risiko yang signifikan. Absen tidak terkait secara signifikan dengan IBS, tetapi terlihat bahwa subjek dengan IBS memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi sedikit dibandingkan dengan subjek tanpa IBS (P = 0.282).

Kesimpulan: Prevalensi IBS adalah 8,4%. Jenis kelamin adalah satu-satunya faktor risiko yang signifikan, dan tingkat absensi dan performa akademik secara statistik tidak signifikan terkait IBS.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder in children and adolescent, that influence their quality of life. Previous studies have shown that there are several risk factors towards IBS, such as gender, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle. Knowledge regarding the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of IBS in primary school students is very limited, especially in Indonesia, thus this study was aimed to explore the risk factors, epidemiology, and impact of IBS towards academic achievement and school absenteeism. This cross-sectional study included primary school students in a public school in Jakarta. Parents were asked to complete the questionnaires which comprise of demographic characteristics and Rome III questionnaire. We used total sampling. Then, the subjects were separated into two groups (those with IBS and those without IBS) in order to compare between the two. Data were analyzed with Pearson Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney test. Among 154 subjects (86 males and 68 females) with median age of 9.68 years, 13 (8.4%) had IBS. Age, parental education, and grade was not significantly associated with IBS. However, gender was a significant factor towards IBS with females as the significant risk factor. Absence was not significantly associated with IBS, but it is shown that those with IBS had slightly higher average score compared to those without IBS (P = 0.282).

Conclusion: Prevalence of IBS among primary school is 8.4. Gender was the only significant factor associated with IBS and that school absenteeism and academic achievement were not significantly associated with IBS.

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"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. As a result of the lack of specific diagnostic testing and absence of circumscribed biology markers of the disease, its diagnosis is based on a myriad of symptoms. The term irritable bowel syndrome was probably first coined in 1944 by Peters and Bargenf. ln 1849, Cumming described the clinical manifestations of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Irritable bowel syndrome is defined an the basis of the recently modified Rome criteria as the presence of at least l2 weeks (not necessarily consecutive) of abdominal discomfort or pain in the preceding l2 months that cannot be explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities, and that has at least two of the following three features: pain relieved with defecation, an onset associated with a change in the frequency of bowel movements (diarrhea or constipation), or an onset associated with a change inform of stool (loose, watery, or pellet-like). The syndrome can be divided into three subcategories according to the Modmed Rome criteria ll; those with a predominant symptom of diarrhea, constipation, or constipation alternating with diarrhea. There are Several criteria for irritable bowel syndrome, one of which is the Manning criteria applied in many epidemiological and clinical studies to identify irritable bowel syndrome. However, many investigators disagree with this criteria due to a seemingly poor validity in men. In an attempt to bring order to the specialty, consensus-based approach is adopted by a group of international experts, which led to the development ofthe Rome criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (Table l). Extra-intestinal symptoms, including headache, backache, urinary and gynecologic symptoms, and fatigue, are more common in the constipation-predominant subgroup"

"Latar Belakang: Irritable bowel Syndrome (IBS) adalah penyakit fungsional saluran cerna yang bersifat multifaktorial, melibatkan faktor internal maupun lingkungan yang bervariasi secara geografis maupun budaya. Faktor risiko terhadap IBS, khususnya di daerah yang pernah mengalami bencana berat, belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini menilai prevalensi dan faktor risiko IBS di masyarakat Kota Palu Sulawesi Tengah pascabencana. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko IBS di masyarakat Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah pascabencana. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di Kota Palu pada 2023. Data diambil dengan cara survei rumah ke rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri dari data demografis, diagnosis IBS dengan kriteria Rome IV dan Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Beck’s Depression Index II (BDI-II) untuk menilai gejala gangguan psikologis yang terdiri dari cemas dan depresi, serta SEMI FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE (SFFQ) untuk menilai pola makan dan menentukan nilai konsumsi FODMAP. Hasil: Terdapat 1212 partisipan dalam penelitian ini. Prevalensi IBS di Kota Palu sebesar 0,99%, dengan proporsi subtipe IBS-C, IBS-D, dan IBS-M sebesar 50,00%, 17,67%, 33,33%. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin, usia, status ekonomi, topografi, dan pola makan dengan IBS, namun gangguan psikologis berhubungan bermakna secara statistik dengan IBS (p<0,001) dengan PR 29,629 (IK 95% 6,547— 134,081). Simpulan: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pertama tentang prevalensi IBS di masyarakat Kota Palu. Prevalensi IBS di masyarakat Kota Palu sebesar 0,99% dengan proporsi subtipe IBS terbanyak adalah IBS-C diikuti oleh IBS-M dan IBS-D dengan gangguan psikologis merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian IBS.

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Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial functional gastrointestinal disease involving internal and environmental factors that vary geographically and culturally. However, risk factors have yet to be widely studied, especially in areas that have experienced severe disasters. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of IBS in Palu City, Central Sulawesi post-disaster. Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of IBS in Palu City, Central Sulawesi post-disaster. Methods: This study was held in Palu City in 2023 in cross-sectional design. Data was collected using a door-to-door survey. We extracted demographic data and diagnosed IBS using Rome IV criteria and the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The validated Indonesian version of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Beck's Depression Index II (BDI-II) were used to assess psychological disorder severity of anxiety and depression, respectively. We used SEMI FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE (SFFQ) to assess eating patterns and determined FODMAP diet. Results: There were 1212 participants in this study. Prevalence IBS in Palu City was 0.99%, with proportion of IBS-C, IBS-D, and IBS-M subtypes were 50.00%, 17.67%, and 33.33%. There were no significant relationship between sex, age, economic status, topography, and FODMAP diet with IBS, otherwise psychological disorder was significantly associated with IBS (p<0.001) with a PR of 29.629 (CI 95% 6.547— 134.081). Conclusions: This is the first study to assess the prevalence of IBS in the Palu City community. The prevalence of IBS in the Palu City community is 0,99% with the most common IBS subtype is IBS-C, followed by IBS-M then IBS-D, and psychological disorder is an associated factor to IBS."

"Latar BelakangPrevalensi asma meningkat dalam 30 tahun terakhir dan bervariasi di berbagai negara, komunitas, etnis yang berbeda. Penelitian di Indonesia melaporkan prevalensi asma pada anak dan orang dewasa 6-7 %. identifikasi faktor-faktor risiko seperti faktor keturunan, atopi, urutan kelahiran dalam keluarga, rokok, hewan piaraan, gizi, pola makanan, obesitas dengan kejadian asma perlu untuk menjelaskan variasi tersebut. Sampai saat ini studi prevalensi asma dan identifikasi faktor risiko di daerah pantai dengan jumlah sampel yang besar belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia.TujuanMencari faktor-faktor risiko asma pada anak sekolah usia 13 hingga 18 tahun di Kepulauan Seribu.MetodologiUji potong lintang dilanjutkan dengan disain kasus kontrol bersarang. Pada responden dibagikan kuesioner yang dikelompokkan berdasar diagnosis asma, pernah asma dan bukan asma. Untuk kelompok asma dalam 12 bulan terakhir, pernah asma dan tidak asma (keiompok kontrol) dipilih secara acak untuk dilakukan uji tusuk kulitlskin prick test.HasilTelah dilakukan di 15 sekolah (SD, SLTP, SLTA) yang tersebar di Kepulauan Seribu sebanyak 1505 responden terdiri atas 713 laki-laki dan 792 perempuan. Distribusi responden menurut jenis kelamin pada kasus asma dan kontrol tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (IK 95%; 0,54-1,47, p=0,66). Hubungan orang tua menyandang asma dengan kejadian asma pada responden menunjukkan hubungan bermakna. Pada ayah (IK 95%; 6,09-59,9, p=0,001). Pada ibu (IK 95%; 1,23-7,95, p=4,001), Berdasarkan hasil uji tusuk kulit pada kelompok mengi dan kontrol menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna (D. Pteronyssinus) dengan kejadian asma (p 0,0001). Sedangkan faktor risiko asma lainnya (urutan kelahiran dalam keluarga, rokok, hewan piaraan, dan obesitas) tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian asma.SimpulanPrevaIensi gejala asma pads anak usia 13 hingga 18 tahun di Kepulauan Seribu berdasarkan riwayat mengi = 11,8%, mengi 12 bulan terakhir = 5,4 %. Didapat hubungan bermakna pada orang tua menyandang asma terhadap kejadian asma pada anak. Hasil uji tusuk kulit (D. pteronyssinus) menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian asma.

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Background

The prevalence of asthma has been increasing in the last 30 years and varied among different countries, communities and ethnic groups. Study in Indonesia had reported that the prevalence of asthma in children and adults was 6-7%. Identification of risk factors, atopy, smoking, pet, nutrition, dietary pattern, obesity and incidence of asthma are necessary to explain the variation. Up to now, study on the prevalence of asthma and risk factors identification with big sample size in maritime region has never been conducted in Indonesia.

Objectives

The aim of the study is to determine risk factors of asthma in school children aged 13-18 years old in Kepulauan Seribu.

Methods

A cross sectional study continued by nested case control was conducted in Kepulauan Seribu in June 2005. All respondents have to fill out questionnaire forms and were grouped based on diagnosis of asthma, history of asthma and no asthma. For the asthma group in last 12 months, history of asthma and no asthma (control group) were selected randomly for skin prick test.

Results

Data was obtained from 1505 subjects in 15 schools (elementary school, junior high school, senior high school) consisted of 713 boys and 792 girls. The prevalence of asthma in adolescents aged 13 - 18 years old in Kepulauan Seribu based on symptom of wheezing (11.8%), wheezing in the last 12 months (5.4%). Distribution of respondents based on gender found no significant relation between asthma and control group (CI 95%; 0.54-1.47, p=4.66). Subjects with asthma associated significantly with their parents who also had asthma (fathers CI 95%; 6.09-59.9, p=0.04I and mothers CI 95%; 1.23-7.95, p=0.001). Based on skin prick test, we found there was significant relation between alergen (D. Pteronyssinus) with incidence of asthma (p=4.0001), while other risk factors (family size, smoking, obesity, pet) had not showed significant relation with asthma.

Conclusions

The prevalence of asthma in adolescent aged 13-18 years old in Kepulauan Seribu based on history of wheezing was 11.8%, while symptom of wheezing in 12 month was 5.4%. Subjects with asthma associated significantly with their parents who also had asthma. Skin prick test (D. pteronyssinus) had significant relation with incidence of asthma."

"Di Indonesia, prevalensi anemia di masyarakat sebesar 14,8%. Anak usia sekolah merupakan salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang memiliki resiko tinggi terkena anemia sehingga dapat berdampak pada kemampuan siswa di sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi anemia dan hubungannya dengan asupan zat besi pada anak usia sekolah (13-18 tahun). Data didapatkan dari 90 subyek yang merupakan santri pondok pesantren menggunakan kuesioner food records untuk mengetahui asupan zat besi dan skrining Hb menggunakan alat ukur Hb digital untuk mengetahui status anemia. Dari penelitian didapatkan prevalensi anemia sebesar 33,33% dan 98,89% subyek dengan asupan zat besi kurang. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Fisher's Exact Test dan didapatkan p=1,00 yang berarti tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara status anemia dengan asupan zat besi.

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In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia in the community is 14.8%. School-age children is a group of community who are in high risk of anemia which may affect their ability in school. This study uses cross-sectional design to measure the prevalence of anemia and its relation with iron intake in school-age student (13-18 years old). Data were obtained from 90 subjects from an Islamic boarding school using food records questionnaires to measure the iron intake and hemoglobin screening using a digital measuring device to determine the status of anemia. The result shows that the prevalence of anemia was 33,33% while the amount of subject with lack of iron intake was 98,89%. Data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test test and obtained p = 1.00, which means there is no significant difference between anemia status and iron intake."