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"The conception of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) is generally misunderstood by among common people. In order to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of IPR, we may as well start with the most dominant point of view, namely that from the perspective of the State and Government.This point of view is dominant because the State and Government are the institutions which havethe authority to make law, to implement law and to interpret the law in the various forms of itsimplementation. A study of IPR can be taken from wider view, as cultural perspectivetake the approach of looking at various events related to the implementation of the laws concerned. It also provide various situations to analyze related to the implementation of Copyright Law in various regions all over Indonesia.Within current situation, after Indonesia has ratified the WTO/TRIPs, the consequence now is binding, politically, legally and economically, although we may freely provide the needs of our people, in this case : IPR protection system. There are of course many other things in the spirit of the Constitution and the Indonesian nation that can be explored further and applied in the IPR protection system. In the end, IPR as the part of the culture can be developed further by taking into consideration and looking into possibility that much suitable to the needs of Indonesian respective communities."

"University has significant contribution to the development of nanotechnology. The role of university can be implemented through the TTLO, particularly in an effort to build a bridge for bottom-up nanotechnology for commercial purposes. There will be an increasingly significant link between the patent system and the university role in the development of nanotechnology."

"ABSTRAKPrevious research found that the individual trademark system has not been effectively utilized to support the business of batik Smal Medium Enterprises (SMEs), particularly in several batik industry centers in Java, namely Bantul in Yogyakarta province, Kauman in Pekalongan and Laweyan in Solo. However, the fact that those SMEs gather in a community, organization, or kinships bring potentials for development of collective trademarks, which can address the problems that individual trademark cannot anticipate. The development of collective trademark can also be a strategy to anticipate the free-trade ?attack,? i.e. imported textiles with batik patterns/motifs; which are not the original Indonesian batik. In regards to that, Indonesian batik SMEs need to be nurtured and encouraged to register their own collective trademarks and to build their branding infrastructure, through local batik community?s standardization, and collective batik labeling.This present research focuses on the development of collective trademark utilization by one longknown batik community in Kampung Batik Laweyan, Solo, as a strategy to enable them to compete with imported batik-printed textiles, as well as to protect their traditional batik cultural heritage.Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa sistem merek individual belum secara efektif digunakan untuk mendukung Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) yang bergerak di industri batik, khususnya di beberapa pusat industri batik di Jawa, yakni Bantul di Daerah IstimewaYogyakarta, Kauman di Pekalongan dan Laweyan di Solo. Namun demikian, fakta bahwa UKMUKM batik tersebut berkumpul dalam sebuah komunitas, organisasi atau dalam hubungan kekerabatan, menunjukkan adanya potensi untuk mengembangkan merek kolektif, yang mana dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang tidak dapat diatasi oleh sistem merek individual. Dengan mengembangkan merek kolektif, hal ini juga dapat menjadi sebuahstrategi untuk mengantisipasi serangan perdagangan bebas. Misalnya tekstil impor dengan pola batik; yang sebenarnya bukanlah termasuk batik asli Indonesia. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, UKM-UKM batik Indonesia harus diayomi dan dihimbau untuk mendaftarkan merek kolektif mereka dan untuk membangun prasarana pemasaran, melalui standarisasi komunitas batik lokal dan pendaftaran merek kolektif. Penelitian yang dibahas dalam artikel ini berfokus pada perkembangan penggunaan merek kolektif oleh sebuah komunitas batik yang telah lama terbentuk di Kampung Batik Laweyan, Solo, sebagai sebuah strategi untuk dapat bersaing dengan tekstil berpola batik yang diimpor, sekaligus sebagai upaya perlindungan atas warisan tradisional budaya batik."

"Summary:Intellectual Property and Property Rights is an invaluable reference work in light of the increasingly important policy debates over patents, copyrights and other intellectual property rights."

"ABSTRAKHak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) merupakan salah satu subyek perdagangan yang sangat penting, tidak hanya di era globalisasi, tetapi juga di era regionalisasi. Dalam regional ASEAN, pentingnya perlindungan HKI telah membuat negara-negara anggota menyepakati Kerangka Perjanjian Kerjasama Kekayaan Intelektual tahun 1995, setahun setelah disepakatinya Perjanjian yang terkait dengan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (TRIPs) yang diprakasai Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO). Tulisan ini mendiskusikan perkembangan terakhir Kerangka Perjanjian Kerjasama tersebut dalam rangka mengharmonisasikan HKI di wilayah ASEAN yang meliputi, tujuan, prinsip-prinsip dasar, dan beberapa ketentuan penting. Kemudian, tulisan ini menguji apakah perkembangan hukum HKI yang sangat cepat di ASEAN digerakkan oleh Kerangka Perjanjian Kerjasama ini atau karena deadline negara-negara anggota ASEAN untuk menyesuaikan dengan kewajiban-kewajiban yang disepakati dalam Perjanjian TRIPs. Tulisan ini juga menguji apakah kerja sama ekonomi regional dalam Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas (FTA) - ASEAN dengan negara mintra dagangnya memberikan perhatian khusus pada issue HKI. Dengan mempertimbangkan hukum nasional mengenai HKI di negara-negara anggota ASEAN yang berbeda-beda levelnya, and perkembangannya yang terakhir, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kerangka Perjanjian Kerjasama HKI ini cukup ambisius. Kelompok kerja yang dibentuk telah sukses mengembangkan draft tentang pengisian formulir aplikasi regional untuk pendaftaran HKI, tetapi perkembangan diperkenalkannya sistem ini masih sangat lambat sekali.ABSTRAKIntellectual Property Rights (IPR) is one of the most important subjects of trading, not only in the era of globalism, but also in this era of regionalism. In the regional ASEAN, its significant of IPR protection has made Member Nations introduced ASEAN Framework Agreement on Intellectual Property (IP) Cooperation in 1995, a year after the conclusion of the Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper discusses the current development of this Framework in the light to harmonise Intellectual Property (IP) laws in the region, covering the objectives, the basic principles, and some substantial provisions. Then, it examines whether fast pace of IP laws development in ASEAN have been mainly driven by this Framework Agreement or the countriess deadline to comply with the TRIPs obligations. This paper also examines whether the regional economic cooperation of ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with their trading partners pay a specific attention to the issue of IPR. By taking into account the different level of national IPRs laws, and its current development, it can be concluded that the ASEAN framework on IP Cooperation is rather ambitious. The Working Groups succeeded in developing draft on regional filing forms for IP registration, but the progress in the introduction of the system has been very slow."