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"The static properties of hadrons, such as their radii and other moments of the electric and magnetic distributions, canonly be extracted using theoretical methods and cannot be directly measured from experiments. As a result,discrepancies between the extracted values from different precision measurements can exist. The proton charge radius,rp, which is extracted either from electron-proton (e-p) elastic scattering data or from hydrogen atom spectroscopy,seems to be no exception. The value rp = 0.84087(39) fm extracted from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy is about 4%smaller than that obtained from e-p scattering or standard hydrogen spectroscopy. The resolution of this so-calledproton radius puzzle has been attempted in many different ways over the past six years. The present article reviewsthese attempts with a focus on the methods of extracting the radius.Ekstraksi Radius Muatan Proton dari Eksperimen. Sifat-sifat statik hadron seperti radius serta momen-momen laindari distribusi listrik dan magnetik hanya dapat diekstrak melalui metode teoretis dan tidak dapat langsung diukurmelalui eksperimen. Akibatnya, perbedaan antara nilai-nilai yang diekstrak dari pelbagai pengukuran berbeda seringterjadi. Radius muatan dari proton, rp, yang diekstrak dari data hamburan elastik elektron proton atau dari spektroskopiatom hidrogen merupakan salah satu contoh problem ini. Nilai rp = 0.84087(39) fm yang diekstrak dari spektroskopihidrogen muonik diketahui 4% lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan nilai yang diperoleh dari hamburan elastik elektronproton atau pun dari spektroskopi hidrogen baku. Pemecahan masalah yang sering disebut teka-teki radius proton inisudah banyak dicoba dengan menggunakan pelbagai cara selama enam tahun terakhir. Makalah ini mengulas usahausahatersebut dengan fokus metode ekstraksi radius."

"ABSTRACTA Line object extraction from satellite imagery is presented in this thesis. The extraction technique can be significant to both application and development of digital remote sensing methodology the analysis proceeds from satellite imagery to the detailed analysis of specific regions. Smoothing, Laplacian Transform, Line detection and Threshold techniques are used to extract a line object from satellite imagery. This extraction technique may eventually be extended to recognize different patterns for examples, rivers, runway or highway because there are many kind of linear feature. The algorithms for locating linear features are of general interest. A data from National Institute for Aeronautic and Space (LAPAN) was used which cover portions of Cengkareng and Jakarta Area. Its found that result will always contain a significant amount of noise and we can get information about the object early. "

"This book elucidates the importance of long-term experiments in revealing evidence of soil fertility decline in Africa. An evaluation of experiences from on-going long-term experiments is given in broad detail. The first chapter explains the paradigm shift in soil fertility management then provides justification for long-term experiments before illuminating experiences from long-term experiments in East, West and Southern Africa. The second, sixth, eighth and ninth chapters give an in-depth account of crop management practices and soil fertility interventions in long-term trials within specific agro-ecological zones in West Africa. The rest of the chapters (chapter three, four, five and seven) address crop management, tillage practices and, organic and inorganic fertilizer applications in the context of long-term experiments in specific agro-ecological zones in East Africa."

"Learning the basics of physical chemistry with a unique, innovative approach. Georg Job and Regina Rueffler introduce readers to an almost intuitive understanding of the two fundamental concepts, chemical potential and entropy. Avoiding complex mathematics, these concepts are illustrated with the help of numerous demonstration experiments. Using these concepts, the subjects of chemical equilibria, kinetics and electrochemistry are presented at an undergraduate level. The basic quantities and equations necessary for the qualitative and quantitative description of chemical transformations are introduced by using everyday experiences and particularly more than one hundred illustrative experiments, many presented online as videos. These are in turn supplemented by nearly 400 figures, and by learning objectives for each chapter. From a review of the German edition: This book is the most revolutionary textbook on physical chemistry that has been published in the last few decades."