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"Plants play important roles for the existence of all beings in the world. High diversity of plant?s species make a manual observation of plants classifying becomes very difficult. Fractal dimension is widely known feature descriptor for shape or texture. It is utilized to determine the complexity of an object in a form of fractional dimension. On the other hand, lacunarity is a feature descriptor that able to deter-mine the heterogeneity of a texture image. Lacunarity was not really exploited in many fields. More-over, there are no significant research on fractal dimension and lacunarity combination in the study of automatic plant?s leaf classification. In this paper, we focused on combination of fractal dimension and lacunarity features extraction to yield better classification result. A box counting method is implement-ed to get the fractal dimension feature of leaf boundary and vein. Meanwhile, a gliding box algorithm is implemented to get the lacunarity feature of leaf texture. Using 626 leaves from flavia, experiment was conducted by analyzing the performance of both feature vectors, while considering the optimal box size r. Using support vector machine classifier, result shows that combined features able to reach 93.92 % of classification accuracy.

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Tumbuhan memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Tingginya keberagaman spesies tumbuhanmembuat metode pengamatanmanual dalam klasifikasi daunmenjadi semakin sulit. Dimensi fraktal merupakan deskriptor bentuk dan tekstur yang mampu mendeskripsikan kompleksitas dari suatu objek dalam bentuk dimensi pecahan. Di sisi lain, lacunarity adalah deskriptor tekstur berbasis fraktal yang mampu mendeskripsikan heterogenitas dari citra tekstur. Namun lacunarity belum cukup dieks-plorasi dalam banyak kasus dan belum ada usaha yang cukup signifikan dalam mengkombinasikan di-mensi fraktal dan lacunarity dalam bidang klasifikasi tumbuhan secara otomatis. Penelitian ini berfokus pada ekstraksi dan kombinasi fitur dimensi fraktal dan lacunarity untuk meningkatkan akurasi klasi-fikasi. Metode box counting diterapkan untuk memperoleh dimensi fraktal dari bentuk pinggiran dan urat daun, sementara metode gliding box diterapkan untuk memperoleh fitur lacunariy dari tekstur da-un. menggunakan 626 citra daun dari flavia, percobaan dilakukan dengan menganalisis performa dari kedua fitur dengan mempertimbangkan ukuran kotak r yang paling optimal. Klasifikasi dengan support vector machine menunjukkan bahwa hasil kombinasi kedua fitur mampu mencapai rata-rata akurasi hingga 93.92%."

"This paper discuss fractal application on image compression using the method cf quadtree partitioning as a determiner of the best domain-range. In order to study further on this matter, simulation is done with some parameters, i.e a variety of tolerance, quadtree partitioning level and number of iteration.

Analysis is done toward performance (PSNR and compression ratio) of each parameters. From the analysis can be determined some levels of quadtree partitioning tolerance and number of iteration use to produced a good image in the decompression process."

"After 1985, forest fire monitoring using subresolution dimension has developed tremendously. This paper presents finding of the researcher on forest fire monitoring in Central Kalimantan. In this research, forest fire monitoring was done basing on high response against heat change on channel 3 of NOAA AVHRR satellite images. Inspection was carried out between 11 September and 7 December 1985 at a Small Satellite Ground Station in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan. The threshould value that were used are the brightness temperature of channel 3 > 315K, the difference of brightness temperature of channel 3 and 4 > 15K, and albedo of channel 12 < 17.5%. Results of image inspection and field verification show that the smallest forest fire dimension detected is 1500m2. The inspection was based on the concept of Harris et al. 1995. It was possible to localize fire position at one sector on the pixel and every fire point that was detected on image could be detected at more than one pixels. "

"ABSTRACTPenentuan harga opsi penting untuk meningkatkan pendapatan untuk keperluan investasi. Pada skripsi ini, metode dimension reduction Monte Carlo diimplementasikan pada model six-factor cross currency untuk menentukan harga opsi Eropa. Model six-factor cross currency merupakan suatu model berdimensi tinggi yang biasa diselesaikan menggunakan metode Monte Carlo. Akan tetapi, metode Monte Carlo membutuhkan jumlah simulasi yang besar.  Dimension Reduction Monte Carlo merupakan suatu pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mereduksi jumlah dimensi pada model berdimensi tinggi secara one-way coupling. Metode tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mereduksi dimensi dari model six-factor cross currency dari 6 menjadi 1. Melalui pendekatan dimension reduction, hanya satu variabel yang perlu diaproksimasi. Pada kasus tersebut, dipilih variabel variansi dari spot foreign exchange rate dan nilainya diaproksimasi menggunakan metode Milstein.

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ABSTRACTOption pricing determination is important in order to increase profit for investment. In this thesis defend, the dimension reduction Monte Carlo method is implemented to determine put and call European option pricing under a six-factor cross currency model.  A six-factor cross currency model is a high-dimensional model which is usually solved using Monte Carlo. However, Monte Carlo requires hugh numbers of simulations. Dimension reduction Monte Carlo is an approach for reducing the dimension of high-dimensional models with one-way coupling. It can be applied to reduce the dimension of six-factor cross currency from 6 to 1. By the dimension reduction approach, only the factor that is conditioned on is needed to be approximated. In this case, the variance of spot foreign exchange rate is chosen as the factor that is conditioned on and its value is approximated using the Milstein method."

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ABSTRACTThis case-Based clinical text is an exhaustive review of orthodontic problems in the vertical dimension, with evidence-Based guidelines for successful diagnosis and treatment. A total of 21 cases address dental deep bites, skeletal deep bites, dental open bites, skeletal open bites, and posterior open bites. Each case includes pretreatment, interim, and posttreatment orthodontic records, as well as references to provide a solid evidence base for decision making. Written with a clinical focus, Orthodontics in the Vertical Dimension is ideal for the practicing orthodontist and makes an excellent resource for residents in pursuit of board certification."

"The main aim of this volume is to offer a unified, self-contained introduction to the interplay of these three main areas of research, ergodic theory, hyperbolic dynamics, and dimension theory. Furthermore, it includes an introduction to the thermodynamic formalism, which is an important tool in dimension theory."

"Latar Belakang: Dimensi vertikal adalah jarak antara 2 tanda anatomis (biasanya 1 titik pada ujung hidung dan titik lainnya pada dagu), dimana 1 titik pada daerah yang tidak bergerak dan titik lainnya pada daerah anatomis yang dapat bergerak. Penetapan dimensi vertikal sangat penting dalam pembuatan gigi tiruan lepas, tidak hanya untuk mendapatkan keadaan oklusi yang harmonis, tetapi juga untuk enyamanan dan estetika pasien. Pada kasus rahang tidak bergigi, hampir tidak mungkin untuk menentukan dimensi vertikal sebagaimana yang bisa dilakukan pada rahang yang bergigi. Oleh karena itu iperlukan metode lain untuk mengukur dimensi vertikal.Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan dimensi vertikal fisiologis antara metode Physiologic Rest Position dan teori Leonardo da Vinci II.Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian studi deskriptif, dengan pengambilan data secara Studi Potong Lintang. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan boley gauge, penggaris, jangka dan jangka sorong pada mahasiswa FKG UI yang berusia 18-23 tahun.Hasil: Nilai rata-rata pengukuran dimensi vertikal fisiologis menggunakan metode Physiologic Rest Position adalah sebesar 62,82, dengan kisaran antara 57,87 sampai 67,78. Sedangkan nilai minimum sebesar 50,90 dan nilai maksimum sebesar 77,06. Nilai rata-rata pengukuran dimensi vertikal fisiologis berdasarkan teori Leonardo da Vinci II adalah 60,38, dengan kisaran antara 56,61 sampai 64,15. Sedangkan nilai minimum sebesar 49,69 dan nilai maksimum sebesar 72,38.Kesimpulan: Terdapat erbandingan antara pengukuran dimensi vertikal fisiologis nggunakan metode physiologic rest position dan teori Leonardo da Vinci II, namun terdapat perbedaan hasil pengukuran dimensi vertikal fisiologis antara metode physiologic rest position dan teori Leonardo da Vinci II.

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Background: Vertical dimension is the distance between 2 selected anatomy (usually one point at the tip of the nose and the other at the chin), one at the fixed and the other at movable member. Determining vertical dimension is important for removable prosthosontic, not only to harmonic occlusion but also for esthetic and to make patient feel comfortable with their denture. In edentulous cases, it is almost impossible to determine vertical dimension as in dentate cases. The other method is needed to determine vertical dimension.Objective: To compare rest vertical dimension between physiologic rest position method and Leonardo da Vinci II Theory.Method: This study was a descriptive study using cross sectional study method.This measure was taken from the student in Faculty of Dentistry with the aged between 18-23. The instrument to measure is boley gauge, ruler, and caliper.Results: The mean of rest vertical dimension using physiologic rest position method is 62,82, with the range between 57,87 until 67,78. The minimum value is 50,90 and the maximum value is 77,06. Meanwhile the mean of rest vertical dimension using Leonardo da Vinci II method is 60,38, with the range between 56,61 until 64,15. The minimum value is 49,69 and the maximum value is 72,38.Conclusion: There is a comparison between measuring rest vertical dimension using physiologic rest position method and Leonardo da Vinci theory, but there is a different of measurement result in rest vertical mension using physiologic rest position method and Leonardo da Vinci II theory."

"Latar Belakang: Dimensi vertikal, didefinisikan secara umum sebagai sepertiga panjang wajah bagian bawah, merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam perawatan prostodontik sehingga harus ditentukan dengan tepat. Dimensi vertikal, sebagai salah satu tanda anatomis tubuh sangat dipengaruhi oleh proses pertumbuhan. Pertumbuhan adalah suatu proses kompleks yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah sistem hormonal. Sistem hormonal yang berperan besar dalam pertumbuhan adalah hormon pertumbuhan dan hormon seksual. Perbedaan mulai aktifnya hormon seksual pada laki-laki dan perempuan menyebabkan perbedaan kecepatan dan terminasi pertumbuhan.Tujuan: Diperolehnya panjang dimensi vertikal fisiologis dengan Metode Physiologic Rest Position dan Teori Leonardo da Vinci I serta II pada laki-laki dan perempuan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, menggunakan Studi Potong Lintang. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah boley gauge¸jangka sorong, jangka, dan penggaris pada 170 orang Mahasiswa FKG UI berusia 18 - 23 tahun.Hasil: Rentang dan rerata panjang dimensi vertikal fisiologis pada jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan menggunakan Metode Physiologic Rest Position adalah 63,09 - 72,31 mm, 67,70 mm dan 57,32 - 65,52 mm, 61,42 mm; Teori Leonardo da Vinci I adalah 53,99 - 61,49 mm, 57,74 mm dan 52,10 - 58,98 mm, 55,54 mm; dan Teori Leonardo da Vinci II adalah 59,24 - 67,22 mm, 63,23 mm dan 56,27 - 62,83 mm, 59,56 mm.Kesimpulan: Rerata panjang dimensi vertikal fisiologis pada laki-laki dan perempuan berdasarkan Metode Physiologic Rest Position adalah 67,70 mm dan 61,42 mm; Teori Leonardo da Vinci I adalah 57,74 mm dan 55,54 mm; dan Teori Leonardo da Vinci II adalah 63,23 mm dan 59,56 mm.

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Background: Vertical dimension, generally define as the height of the lower third of the face, is one of the most important components in prosthodontics treatment, therefore it must be determined precisely. Vertical dimension as one of body-s landmark is very influenced by growth. Growth is a complex process that depends on a number of factors, including hormonal system. Hormonal system that has a huge role in growth is growth hormone and sex hormone. The difference in the starting time of the sex hormone-s activ ation on male and female is causing a differentiation in the speed and the termination of growth.Objective: To get the length of rest vertical dimension using Physiologic Rest Position Method and Theory of Leonardo da Vinci I and II on male and female subjects.Method: This was a descriptive study using cross sectional study. The instruments that used at 170 student of Dentistry Faculty University of Indonesia aged 18-23 are boley gauge, caliper, and ruler.Result: Range and mean of the length of rest vertical dimension on male and female subjects using Physiologic Rest Position Method are 63,09 - 72,31 mm, 67,70 mm and 57,32 - 65,52 mm, 61,42 mm; Theory of Leonardo da Vinci I are 53,99 - 61,49 mm, 57,74 mm and 52,10 - 58,98 mm, 55,54 mm; and Theory of Leonardo da Vinci II are 59,24 - 67,22 mm, 63,23 mm and 56,27 - 62,83 mm, 59,56 mm.Conclusion: Mean of the length of rest vertical dimension on male and female subjects using Physiologic Rest Position Method are 67,70 mm and 61,42 mm; Theory of Leonardo da Vinci I are 57,74 mm and 55,54 mm; and Theory of Leonardo da Vinci II are 63,23 mm and 59,56 mm."