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"Dental record is one of the ways to identify human identity. Identification requires a system, which is able to recognize each human tooth automatically. Teeth and gums becomes an important issue be-cause they have a high similarity in a dental radiograph image. This similarity tends to influence the segmentation error. This paper proposes a new contrast enhancement by using parameter sigmoid transform to improve the segmentation accuracy. The five main steps are: 1) preprocessing to improve the image contrast using our proposed method, 2) teeth segmentation using horizontal and vertical in-tegral projection, 3) feature extraction, 4) teeth classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and 5) teeth numbering. Experimental results using our proposed method have an accuracy rate of 88% for classification and 73% for teeth numbering.

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Data rekaman gigi adalah salah satu cara untuk mengidentifikasi manusia. Pengidentifikasian membutuhkan sebuah sistem yang mampu mengenali tiap gigi secara otomatis. Intensitas gigi dan gusi yang hampir sama menjadi masalah utama pada citra dental radiographs karena dapat menga-kibatkan kesalahan dalam proses segmentasi. Pada paper ini diusulkan sebuah metode perbaikan kontras yang baru dengan menggunakan parameter sigmoid transform untuk meningkatkan keaku-ratan hasil segmentasi. Lima tahapan utama yaitu: 1) praproses untuk memperbaiki kontras gambar menggunakan metode yang diusulkan, 2) segmentasi gigi menggunakan horizontal dan vertical inte-gral projection, 3) ekstraksi fitur, 4) klasifikasi meggunakan Support Vector Machine (SVM) dan 5) penomoran gigi. Hasil eksperimen menggunakan metode yang diusulkan menunjukkan tingkat keaku-ratan hasil klasifikasi sebesar 88% dan penomoran gigi sebesar 73%."

"Latar Belakang : Anomali gigi dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah fungsional seperti, maloklusi, meningkatkan resiko karies, dan mengganggu estetika. Tingkat kejadian anomali gigi di Indonesia, masih belum banyak diteliti. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penting untuk melakukan identifikasi untuk memperoleh data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Tujuan : Mendapatkan data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan total sampel 367 radiograf panoramik. Radiograf dievaluasi dan diinterpretasi oleh dua orang observer untuk mengidentifikasi anomali gigi sesuai klasifikasi berdasarkan anomali jumlah (gigi supernumerari), ukuran (makrodonsia dan mikrodonsia), erupsi (transposisi), serta morfologi (fusi, concrescence, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, dan congenital sifilis). Data usia, jenis kelamin, dan hasil interpretasi radiograf panoramik dicatat. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji reliabilitas menggunakan uji Kappa untuk data kategorik dan uji ICC untuk data numerik. Hasil : Dari total sampel 367 radiograf pada rentang usia 6-79 tahun ditemukan 133 (36,2%) radiograf panoramik dengan anomali gigi, sebanyak 1-4 kasus pada setiap radiograf. Jumlah seluruh anomali gigi yang ditemukan adalah 395 kasus. Anomali gigi terbanyak ditemukan pada rentang usia 16-25 tahun. Berdasarkan klasifikasi, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi yang ditemukan, secara berurutan yaitu anomali morfologi (63,15%), ukuran (32,33%), jumlah (18,05%), dan erupsi (7,52%). Jenis anomali morfologi gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah dilaserasi (33,83%), anomali ukuran adalah mikrodonsia (32,05%), dan anomali jumlah adalah gigi supernumerari (23,64%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi ditemukan lebih banyak pada laki-laki (45,83%) dibanding perempuan (31,87%). Anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki adalah gigi supernumerari, concrescence, dens invaginatus dan enamel pearl. Sedangkan, anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada perempuan adalah makrodonsia, mikrodonsia, transposisi, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), dan talon cusp. Kesimpulan : Prevalensi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Proporsi anomali gigi lebih tinggi ditemukan pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan.

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Background : Dental anomalies can affect various functional problems such as, malocclusion, increase the risk of caries, and aesthetics problem. Incidence rate of dental anomalies in Indonesia has not yet been widely studied. Based on this, it is important to identification to get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs at RSKGM FKG UI. Objective : To get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies based on age and gender in panoramic radiograph at RSKGM FKG UI. Method : This study is a cross-sectional study with total sample 367 panoramic radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated and interpreted by two observers to identify dental anomalies according to classification anomaly by number (supernumerary teeth), size (macrodontia and microdontia), eruption (transposition), and morphology (fusion, concrescence, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, and congenital syphilis). Data on age, gender, and interpretation of panoramic radiographs result were recorded. Reliability test were performed using Kappa test for categoric data and ICC test for numeric data. Result : From a total sample of 367 radiographs in the age range 6-79 years, 133 (36.2%) panoramic radiographs with dental anomalies were found, 1-4 cases in each radiograph. The total of all dental anomalies in were 395 cases. Based on classification, frequency distribution of dental anomalies found, respectively, are anomaly of morphology (63,15%), size (32,33%), number (18,05%), and eruption (7,52%). The most common type of anomaly of morphology was dilaceration (33,83%), anomaly of number was microdontia (32,05%), and anomaly of number was supernumerary tooth (23,64%). Based on gender, frequency distribution of dental anomalies were found higher 45,83% in male than 31,87% in female. The most common dental anomalies found in men are supernumerary tooth, concrescence, dens invaginatus and enamel pearl. Meanwhile, the most common dental anomalies found in women are macrodontia, microdontia, transposition, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), and talon cusp. Conclusions : The prevalence of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs found in this study is quite high. A higher proportion of dental anomalies was found in men than women."

"Latar Belakang : Anomali gigi dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah fungsional seperti, maloklusi, meningkatkan resiko karies, dan mengganggu estetika. Tingkat kejadian anomali gigi di Indonesia, masih belum banyak diteliti. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penting untuk melakukan identifikasi untuk memperoleh data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Tujuan : Mendapatkan data frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin pada radiograf panoramik di RSKGM FKG UI. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan total sampel 367 radiograf panoramik. Radiograf dievaluasi dan diinterpretasi oleh dua orang observer untuk mengidentifikasi anomali gigi sesuai klasifikasi berdasarkan anomali jumlah (gigi supernumerari), ukuran (makrodonsia dan mikrodonsia), erupsi (transposisi), serta morfologi (fusi, concrescence, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, dan congenital sifilis). Data usia, jenis kelamin, dan hasil interpretasi radiograf panoramik dicatat. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji reliabilitas menggunakan uji Kappa untuk data kategorik dan uji ICC untuk data numerik. Hasil : Dari total sampel 367 radiograf pada rentang usia 6-79 tahun ditemukan 133 (36,2%) radiograf panoramik dengan anomali gigi, sebanyak 1-4 kasus pada setiap radiograf. Jumlah seluruh anomali gigi yang ditemukan adalah 395 kasus. Anomali gigi terbanyak ditemukan pada rentang usia 16-25 tahun. Berdasarkan klasifikasi, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi yang ditemukan, secara berurutan yaitu anomali morfologi (63,15%), ukuran (32,33%), jumlah (18,05%), dan erupsi (7,52%). Jenis anomali morfologi gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah dilaserasi (33,83%), anomali ukuran adalah mikrodonsia (32,05%), dan anomali jumlah adalah gigi supernumerari (23,64%). Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, frekuensi distribusi anomali gigi ditemukan lebih banyak pada laki-laki (45,83%) dibanding perempuan (31,87%). Anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki adalah gigi supernumerari, concrescence, dens invaginatus dan enamel pearl. Sedangkan, anomali gigi yang paling banyak ditemukan pada perempuan adalah makrodonsia, mikrodonsia, transposisi, geminasi, taurodonsia, dilaserasi, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), dan talon cusp. Kesimpulan : Prevalensi anomali gigi pada radiograf panoramik yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Proporsi anomali gigi lebih tinggi ditemukan pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan.

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Background : Dental anomalies can affect various functional problems such as, malocclusion, increase the risk of caries, and aesthetics problem. Incidence rate of dental anomalies in Indonesia has not yet been widely studied. Based on this, it is important to identification to get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs at RSKGM FKG UI. Objective : To get data frequency distribution of dental anomalies based on age and gender in panoramic radiograph at RSKGM FKG UI. Method : This study is a cross-sectional study with total sample 367 panoramic radiographs. Radiographs were evaluated and interpreted by two observers to identify dental anomalies according to classification anomaly by number (supernumerary teeth), size (macrodontia and microdontia), eruption (transposition), and morphology (fusion, concrescence, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, molar incisor malformation (MIM) , amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia, regional odontodisplasia, enamel pearl, talon cusp, and congenital syphilis). Data on age, gender, and interpretation of panoramic radiographs result were recorded. Reliability test were performed using Kappa test for categoric data and ICC test for numeric data. Result : From a total sample of 367 radiographs in the age range 6-79 years, 133 (36.2%) panoramic radiographs with dental anomalies were found, 1-4 cases in each radiograph. The total of all dental anomalies in were 395 cases. Based on classification, frequency distribution of dental anomalies found, respectively, are anomaly of morphology (63,15%), size (32,33%), number (18,05%), and eruption (7,52%). The most common type of anomaly of morphology was dilaceration (33,83%), anomaly of number was microdontia (32,05%), and anomaly of number was supernumerary tooth (23,64%). Based on gender, frequency distribution of dental anomalies were found higher 45,83% in male than 31,87% in female. The most common dental anomalies found in men are supernumerary tooth, concrescence, dens invaginatus and enamel pearl. Meanwhile, the most common dental anomalies found in women are macrodontia, microdontia, transposition, gemination, taurodontisme, dilaceration, dens evaginatus, molar-incisor malformation (MIM), and talon cusp. Conclusions : The prevalence of dental anomalies on panoramic radiographs found in this study is quite high. A higher proportion of dental anomalies was found in men than women."

"ContentsThe dental hygiene profession / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Human needs theory and dental hygiene care / Margaret M. Walsh, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Health and health promotion / Laura Lee MacDonald -- Communication and behavioral change theories / Hope E. Oliver -- Cross-cultural practice / Devan Leonardi Darby, Michele Leonardi Darby -- The dental hygiene care environment / Marie Varley Gillis -- Infection control / Eve Cuny, Helene Bednarsh, Kathy J. Eklund -- Medical emergencies / Margaret M. Walsh -- Ergonomics / Lori J. Drummer -- Personal, dental, and health histories / Frieda Atherton Pickett -- Vital signs / Cara Miyasaki -- Pharmacologic history / Ann Eshenaur Spolarich -- Extraoral and intraoral clinical assessment / Margaret J. Fehrenbach -- Assessment of the dentition / Janice Pimlott, Joan D. Leakey -- Oral hygiene assessment : soft and hard deposits / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Dental caries management by risk assessment / John D. B. Featherstone -- Periodontal and risk assessment / Susan Lynn Tolle -- Impact of periodontal infections on systemic health / Gary C. Armitage -- Dental hygiene diagnosis / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Dental hygiene care plan and evaluation / Karen M. Palleschi -- Toothbrushing / Joanna Asadoorian -- Mechanical oral biofilm control : interdental and supplemental self-care devices / Deborah M. Lyle -- Dentifrices / France Lavoie, Nadia Dubreuil, Louise Bourassa -- Hand-activated instruments / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Ultrasonic and sonic instrumentation / Kathleen O. Hodges -- Root morphology and instrumentation implications / Marilyn Beck, Lynn Bergstrom Bryan -- Management of extrinsic and intrinsic stains / Michele Leonardi Darby, Margaret M. Walsh -- Decision making related to nonsurgical periodontal therapy / Kathleen O. Hodges -- Chemotherapy for the control of periodontal diseases / Joanna Asadoorian -- Acute gingival and periodontal conditions, lesions of endodontic origin, and avulsed teeth / Birgitta Soder -- Caries management : fluoride, chlorhexidine, xylitol, and amorphous calcium phosphate therapies / Michele Leonardi Darby -- Pit and fissure sealants / Judy Yamamoto, Maureen E. Fannon -- Nutritional counseling / Lisa F. Harper Mallonee -- Tobacco cessation / Margaret M. Walsh, Kirsten A. Jarvi -- Impressions, study casts, and oral stents / Esther K. Andrews -- Restorative therapy / Lisa Ahmann -- Behavioral management of dental fear and anxiety / Margaret M. Walsh, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Dentinal hypersensitivity management / Juliana J. Kim, Dimitrios Karastathis -- Local anesthesia / Margaret M. Walsh, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Nitrous oxide-oxygen analgesia / Margaret M. Walsh -- Persons with disabilities / Kathleen B. Muzzin -- Cardiovascular disease / Laura Mueller-Joseph -- Persons with diabetes mellitus / Deborah Bauman -- Oral care of persons with cancer / Joan M. Davis -- Persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection / Devan Leonardi Darby, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Persons with neurologic and sensory deficits / Dorothy J. Rowe, Brenda S. Kunz -- Persons with autoimmune diseases / Margaret M. Walsh -- Renal disease and organ transplantation / Cheryl Thomas -- Respiratory diseases / Joan Gugino Ellison -- Cognitively and developmentally challenged persons / Kelly M. Schultz, Michele Leonardi Darby -- Alcohol and substance abuse / Sandra Z. Zagar, Kathleen M. Schlotthauer -- Eating disorders / Laura Lee MacDonald -- Women's health and the health of their children / Maria Perno Goldie -- The older adult / Joan I. Gluch -- Persons with fixed and removable dentures / Bonnie J. Craig -- Orofacial clefts and fractured jaw / Joanna L. Harris -- Dental implant maintenance / Vivian L. Young-McDonald -- Persons with orthodontic appliances / Lee Ann Branscome Simmons -- Abuse and neglect / Inma LaCross -- Practice management / Harold A. Henson -- Career planning and professional development / Christine Hovliaras -- Legal and ethical decision making / Pamela Zarkowski."

"Summary:Comprehensively reviews bonding to enamel, dentin and cementum and analyses relevant adhesion mechanisms. In this book, emphasis is placed on the characterization of material interfaces with dental tissues in situ. It is addressed to both the dental researcher and the clinician."

"ABSTRACTLatar belakang: Terbatasnya jumlah dokter gigi di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan diduga berdampak terhadap bertambahnya peran perawat gigi dalam menanggulangi permasalahan kesehatan gigi mulut masyarakat, namun belum teridentifikasi tingkat kesesuaian pelayanan tersebut terhadap Standar Pelayanan Asuhan.Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi jenis serta distribusi pelayanan oleh perawat gigi dan mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian pelayanan tersebut terhadap standar pelayanan asuhan. Metode: Penelitian analisis deskriptif dilakukan melalui kuesioner kepada masyarakat dan perawat gigi Hasil: Dari jawaban 102 masyarakat, terlihat jenis pelayanan yang terbanyak diterima yang sesuai dengan standar adalah Penyuluhan kesehatan gigi mulut, khususnya penjelasan cara menyikat gigi yang benar 83,33 ; sedangkan yang tidak sesuai standar yaitu penggunaan antibiotik dan antinyeri sebanyak 79,41 . Dari jawaban 17 perawat gigi, pelayanan yang tidak sesuai standar yang diberikan yaitu pemberian obat antibiotik dan antinyeri 94,12 dan pencabutan gigi tetap belakang 35,29 . Kesimpulan: Pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat setempat untuk pengobatan gigi sebagian besar dipenuhi oleh perawat gigi yang beberapa dari pelayanannya tidak sesuai dengan standar.

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ABSTRACTBackground The limited number of dentists in Hulu Sungai Selatan is thought to have an impact in the increase of dental nurses role in and type of services in solving oral health problems of the community, but the suitability of the services to the standard has not been identified yet. Aim To identify types and distribution of services by dental nurses and investigate the level of its suitability to the oral health care service standard. Methods This study uses descriptive analysis. Results From the total of 102 answers of community, 83.33 stated that dental health education is the most suitable to the service standard. On the other hand, 79.41 stated that the use of antibiotics and painkillers is not suitable to the service standard. Furthermore, from a total of 17 answers from dental nurses, 94.12 stated that the prescription of antibiotics and painkillers and 35.29 stated that extraction of posterior permanent teeth are not suitable to the service standard. Conclusion The fulfilment of needs of the community for oral treatment are mostly catered by dental nurses which several of their services are not suitable to the standard. "

"Gangguan dan penyakit yang paling umum ditemukan pada gigi dan mulut antara lain caries, (gigi berlubang), gangren pulpa, kalkulus (karang gigi), dan gingivitis (radang gusi). Untuk mendiagnosa gangguan gigi tersebut, dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis kondisi intraoral dengan peralatan standar, yang sangat bergantung pada kemampuan fisik dokter gigi terutama indera penglihatan. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan pengamatan kondisi dalam mulut pasien mungkin tidak sepenuhnya tepat. Di sisi lain, saat ini tindakan penambalan gigi pada caries tidak hanya memperhatikan kualitas kekuatan tambalan, tetapi juga faktor estetis. Untuk itu, pada penambalan gigi, banyak digunakan material resin komposit yang hanya dapat terpolimerasi oleh energi dari cahaya dengan rentang panjang gelombang 460 - 480 nm. Pada skripsi ini akan dilakukan rancang bangun sistem intraoral monitoring dan dental curing light. Karakterisasi PiCamera sebagai kamera intraoral, dilakukan dengan pengambilan citra di dalam simulator rongga mulut dengan bantuan cahaya lampu LED putih yang dialiri arus 20 mA. Kinerja dental curing light dengan memanfaatkan high power LED 460 – 470 nm berdaya 3 Watt, diuji dengan cara menyinari material komposit untuk kondisi di ruang terbuka dan di dalam simulator rongga mulut. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan perangkat kamera mampu memperlihatkan dan mengambil citra kondisi di dalam simulator rongga mulut dengan jelas secara real time. Demikian pula perangkat dental curing light mampu memancarkan cahaya dengan intensitas 1718 mW/cm2, sehingga memicu polimerisasi material komposit hingga berhasil memadat dalam waktu 30 detik.

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Intraoral disorders and diseases most commonly found are caries (cavities), gangrene of the pulp, calculus (tartar), and gingivitis (gum inflammation). To diagnose this condotion, clinical examinations should be carried out with standard equipment. This proceses are highly dependent on the physical ability of the dentist, especially the sense of their sight. On the other hand, nowadays, in dental fillings we should not only pay attention to the material quality, but also the aesthetic factor. Hence, in dental fillings, resin composite material are widely used. This material can only be polymerized by using high energy light source with wavelength range of 460-480 nm.

In this undergraduate thesis, an intraoral monitoring system and a dental curing light have been developed. Characterizations of PiCamera as an intraoral camera were carried out by taking the images inside the oral cavity simulator by means of three white LEDs drawing 20mA current. Performace of the dental curing light that utilizes 3 Watt LED 460-470 nm, was tested by irradiating various mass of composite materials in oral cavity simulator at 27 ⁰C. Experiment results show that intraoral monitoring system is able to display and capture the intraoral conditions in real time. While dental curing light is able to radiate light with intensity of 1718 mW / cm2 for composite material polymerization successfully within 30 seconds."

"Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2013 lebih dari seperempat penduduk Indonesia (25,9%) mempunyai masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan karies gigi sebagai masalah yang memiliki prevalensi tertinggi di angka 53,2%. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah plak gigi, yang dapat dihilangkan dengan perilaku menyikat gigi. Waktu menyikat gigi yang selama ini dianjurkan adalah setelah sarapan dan sebelum tidur. Namun, ditemukan kerugian dan ketidak efektifan dari waktu menyikat gigi tersebut, sehingga dibutuhkan waktu menyikat gigi lain yang dapat menghilangkan plak secara efektif. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan perlakuan menyikat gigi sebelum dan setelah makan terhadap derajat keasaman (pH) plak gigi sebagai faktor risiko karies. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Before-After Randomized Crossover Trial. Subjek penelitian adalah 20 mahasiswa/i FKG UI dengan rentang umur 19-22 tahun yang dipilih melalui metode purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan pH plak pada perlakuan menyikat gigi sebelum dan setelah makan. Perlakuan dilakukan sekali seminggu selama 2 minggu, dengan empat kali pengambilan data setiap perlakuannya, yaitu T0 (sebelum dilakukan perlakuan apapun/baseline), T1 (setelah makan/ setelah sikat gigi sebelum makan), T2 (setelah makan/ setelah sikat gigi setelah makan), dan T3 (setelah 6 jam). Subjek diambil sampel derajat keasaman (pH) plaknya menggunakan digital pH meter Horiba LAQUAtwin. Sample plak diambil di gigi 11-21 dengan menggunakan sample sheet sekali pakai. Hasil: Kedua kelompok sama-sama mengalami penurunan rata-rata pH plak setelah makan dan setelah enam jam paska perlakuan terakhir, serta mengalami kenaikan rata-rata pH plak setelah sikat gigi. Pada kelompok perilaku menyikat gigi sebelum makan rata-rata pH plak pada awal pemeriksaan adalah 7,32 dan turun menjadi 7,27 setelah 6 jam. Sedangkan pada kelompok perilaku menyikat gigi setelah makan rata-rata pH plak pada awal pemeriksaan yaitu 7,49 turun menjadi 7,41 setelah 6 jam. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara perlakuan menyikat gigi sebelum dan setelah makan terhadap pH plak.

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Background: According to the 2013 Basic Health Research, more than a quarter of Indonesia's population (25.9%) have dental and oral health problems, of which the highest prevalence is held by dental caries at the rate of 53,2%. One of the causes of caries is dental plaque which can be removed by tooth brushing. Most recommended time for tooth brushing is twice a day, after breakfast and before going to bed. However, the ineffectiveness of those brushing time is found. Therefore, the effective time to tooth brushing is needed. Objective: To determine the effect of before-eating tooth and after-eating tooth brushing on the hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) of dental plaque as caries risk factor. Methods: This study used the Before-After Randomized Crossover Trial approach. The research subjects were 20 FKG UI students with an age range of 19-22 years selected through a purposive sampling method. The study was conducted by comparing the pH of plaque to the treatment of tooth brushing before and after eating. The treatment is done once a week for 2 weeks, with four times data collections, there are T0 (before any treatment / baseline), T1 (after eating / after brushing before eating), T2 (after eating / after brushing after eating) , and T3 (after 6 hours). The subjects would be sampled the acidity degree (pH) of dental plaque using a digital pH meter called Horiba LAQUAtwin. Plaque samples were taken in teeth 11-21 using a disposable sheet sample. Results: Both groups experienced a decrease in the average pH of plaque after meals and after six hours, and experienced an increase in the average pH of plaque after brushing. In the group tooth brushing before eating the average pH of dental plaque at the beginning of the examination, which was 7.32, dropped to 7.27 after 6 hours. While in the group of brushing behavior after eating the average pH of plaque at the beginning of the examination, which was 7.49, dropped to 7.41 after 6 hours. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the treatment of tooth brushing before and after eating to the pH of plaque."