Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Summary"City Logistics: Mapping The Future examines the key concepts of city logistics along with the associated implementation issues, methodologies, and policy measures. Chronicling the growth of city logistics as a discipline and how planning and policy have improved practice over the last ten years, it details the technologies, policies, and plans that can reduce traffic congestion, environmental impact, and the cost of logistics activities in urban freight transportation systems.The book provides a comprehensive study of the modelling, planning, and evaluation of urban freight transport. It includes case studies from the US, UK, Netherlands, Japan, South Africa, and Australia that illustrate the experiences of cities that have already implemented city logistics, including the methods used to solve the complex issues relating to urban freight transport.Presents procedures for evaluating city logistics policy measuresProvides an overview of intelligent transport systems in city logisticsHighlights the essential features of joint delivery systems and off-hour delivery programsSupplies an overview of access restrictions and regulations related to city logistics in urban areasExpert contributors from major cities around the world discuss regional developments, share success stories and personal experiences, and highlight emerging trends in urban logistics. Coverage includes mathematical modeling, public policy planning and implementation, logistics in urban planning designs, and urban distribution centers.The book examines the impact of recent advancements in technology on city logistics, including information and communication technologies, intelligent transport systems, and GPS. It also considers future directions in city logistics, including humanitarian logistics, alternative transport modes in co-modality, last kilometer deliveries, partnerships between public and private sectors, alternative fuel vehicles, and emerging technologies such as 3D printing""

"In rapidly urbanizing India, cities are places of conflict between people and nature. What is the future for conservation in Indian cities? Nature in the City examines the past, present, and future of nature in Bengaluru. One of Indias largest and fastest growing cities, Bengaluru was once known as the Garden City of India. The citys ecology and environment have been degraded and destroyed in recent years. Yet nature still exhibits a remarkable tenacity. The book has a broad historical focus. Moving from early settlements in the 6th century CE to the 21st century city, it concludes by outlining a vision of a better future. The book draws on extensive research, integrated with stories of people, places, and examples of positive change. Detailed chapters demonstrate how nature has looked, behaved, and has been perceived differently in the home gardens, slums, streets, parks, sacred spaces, and lakes of Bengaluru. Nature in the city is shaped by human preferences and prejudices, as the book demonstrates. Of interest to local residents, visitors, and outside readers alike, the present volume provides an accessible, informative, and interesting tour of the social spaces where nature thrives and strives in Bengaluru. With heterogeneous environments, population densities, and urban poor, cities like Bengaluru must pay attention to the cultural and social contexts within which nature is embedded. The book further suggests an organic approach for urban conservation in the Indian context that builds on the capacities of people and communities, drawing on the close integration of the socio-cultural and ecological in urban India."

"Di awal dan sepanjang abad 20 ada beberapa kemajuan penting dalam penanggulangan tuberkulosis, termasuk ditemukannya vaksin dan pengembangan obat anti-TB. Tetapi, memasuki abad ke-21 ini TB ternyata masih merupakan masalah kesehatan penting. Bila tidak ada perubahan memadai, maka di tahun 2020 jumlah kasus baru akan meningkat menjadi 11 juta jiwa. Masalah TB yang utama meliputi kegagalan memberikan obat dengan baik, penemuan kasus yang lemah, vaksin yang tidak adekuat, meningkatnya resistensi terhadap obat, kegagalan pemberian terapi profilaksis dan migrasi penduduk, epidemi HIV serta infeksi nosokomial. Dalam hal perkembangan diagnosis di masa datang, diperlukan sarana yang mampu mendeteksi infeksi laten, meningkatkan kemampuan pemeriksaan sediaan langsung, memperbaiki diagnosis pasien dengan BTA (-) dan mendapatkan cara sederhana untuk uji kepekaan. Beberapa tehnik diagnosis baru meliputi nucleic acid probes, amplification tests, high performances liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas / liquid chromatography (GLC), dan automated system for radiometric and non radiometric detection dan penggunaan molecular fingerprinting. Di pihak lain, obat baru juga amat diperlukan untuk memperpendek lama pengobatan, mampu mengobati resistensi ganda (MDR) serta dapat mengobati infeksi laten. Beberapa obat / bahan yang diharapkan punya efek anti mikobakterial yang baik antara lain adalah fluorokuinolon, oksazolidinon, nitroimidazol, tiolaktomisin, nitroimidazopiran dan isositrate liase inhibitor. Riset untuk menemukan obat baru memang terbentur pada aspek finansial dan perhitungan kemungkinan keuntungan yang tidak terlalu menjanjikan. Untuk menjamin proses penemuan penderita dan pengobatannya maka harus dilangsungkan program penanggulangan TB secara nasional dengan baik, dan juga di tingkat global. Integrasi program TB dengan penanggulangan masalah merokok serta program penanggulangan penyakit paru kronik mungkin dapat jadi salah satu alternatif. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 190-4)

---

Beginning and during the 20th century there were several milestones in TB control, including the development of vaccine and chemotherapy. But , as we enter the 21th century, TB continue be a global public health problem and if there is no improvement in TB control, the number of new TB cases is projected to rise to 11 million by 2020. Problems faced include inability to deliver / assure chemotherapy, deficient case finding, inadequate vaccine, rising level of drug resistance, failure to employ preventive chemotherapy and migration, HIV epidemics and nosocomial transmission. As far as recent advances in TB diagnostics, there is a need to find a tool for identification of latent infection, detection of diseases in migrant and other high risk populations, replace or facilitate AFB microscopy, improve the diagnosis of AFB smear-negative cases, and simple tools for determining drugs susceptibility. New diagnostic technologies includes nucleic acid probes, amplification tests, high performances liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas / liquid chromatography (GLC), and automated system for radiometric and non radiometric detection and molecular fingerprinting approach. In the coming years new drugs are needed, especially to shorten the duration of TB treatment or otherwise simplify its completion, improve the treatment of latent TB infection and to be eliminate. MDR-TB. There are some problems in pursue tuberculosis research because of the high investment required to bring a product to market and lack of likely commercial returns. Some new drugs and molecules with promising antimycobacterial activity include Fluoroquinolone, Oxazolidinones, Nitroimidazole, Thiolactomycine, Nitroimidazopyran and Isocitrate lyase inhibitor. To deliver good case finding and treatment, effective TB control program should be implemented in the country, as well as globally. The integration of TB control program with tobacco control program and chronic respiratory diseases control program could be one of the alternative. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 190-4)"