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"Nyeri merupakan stimulus yang dapat merusak perkembangan otak bayi prematur. Developmental care merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mengurangi respon nyeri akibat prosedur invasif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh developmental care terhadap respons nyeri akut pada bayi prematur yang dilakukan prosedur invasif. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan quasi experimental non equivalent control group, before and after design, dengan jumlah sampel 42 bayi prematur terdiri dari 21 responden sebagai kelompok kontrol dan 21 sebagai kelompok intervensi yang dipilih dengan teknik sampling accidental sampling. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil ada perbedaan selisih skor respons nyeri akut antara kelompok yang diberikan developmental care dan kelompok kontrol (p= 0,000; α= 0,05), developmental care menurunkan skor nyeri sebesar 2,05 poin. Developmental care perlu diterapkan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada bayi prematur. Penelitian lanjutan tentang pengaruh developmental care terhadap perkembangan bayi prematur pada dari aspek kognitif, bahasa, dan motorik perlu dilakukan.

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Pain is a stimulus that can damage the developing brains of premature babies. Developmental care is one strategy in reduce pain caused by invasive procedure. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of developmental care on acute pain response in premature babies who had been performed invasive procedure. This study used quasiexperiment research design non equivalen control group, before and after design, involving 42 sample consisted of 21 premature babies in both control and intervention groups, technical sampling used accidental sampling. This study founded that there was a significant difference in change score of acute pain response between on intervention and control groups (p= 0.000; α= 0.05), developmental care decreased 2,05 point of pain scores). Developmental care was recommended to be applied in nursing care for premature babies. Further research on effect developmental care on development of premature babies influence cognitive, languanges, and motor skills aspects need to be designed."

"Nyeri merupakan stimulus yang dapat merusak perkembangan otak bayi prematur. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh developmental care terhadap respon nyeri akut pada bayi prematur yang dilakukan prosedur invasif. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan quasi experimental non equivalent control group, before and after design, dengan jumlah sampel 42 bayi prematur terdiri dari 21 responden sebagai kelompok kontrol dan 21 sebagai kelompok intervensi. Hasil penelitian ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari respon nyeri akut sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan developmental care (p value=0,000). Rekomendasi penelitian developmental care perlu diterapkan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada bayi prematur dan diharapkan ada penelitian lanjutan tentang pengaruh developmental care terhadap perkembangan bayi prematur di kemudian hari baik dari aspek kognitif, bahasa maupun motorik.

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Pain is a stimulus that can damage the developing brains of premature babies. The objectives of this research was to determine the effects of developmental care on acute pain response in premature babies who had been performed invasive procedures. This study used quasiexperiment research design non equivalen control group, before and after design, involving 42 sample consisted of 21 premature babies in both control and intervention group.

This study found that there was a significant difference on acute pain responses before and after developmental care been implemented (p value=0,000). Recommendation from this research are developmental care needs to be applied in nursing care for premature babies and it also important to investigate the long term influence of developmental care on development of premature babies either from the aspect of cognitive, languange and motor skills."

"Nyeri merupakan stimulus yang dapat merusak perkembangan otak bayi prematur. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh developmental care terhadap respon nyeri akut pada bayi prematur yang dilakukan prosedur invasif. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan quasi experimental non equivalent control group, before and after design, dengan jumlah sampel 42 bayi prematur terdiri dari 21 responden sebagai kelompok kontrol dan 21 sebagai kelompok intervensi. Hasil penelitian ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari respon nyeri akut sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan developmental care (p value=0,000). Rekomendasi penelitian developmental care perlu diterapkan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada bayi prematur dan diharapkan ada penelitian lanjutan tentang pengaruh developmental care terhadap perkembangan bayi prematur di kemudian hari baik dari aspek kognitif, bahasa maupun motorik.

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Pain is a stimulus that can damage the developing brains of premature babies. The objectives of this research was to determine the effects of developmental care on acute pain response in premature babies who had been performed invasive procedures. This study used quasiexperiment research design non equivalen control group, before and after design, involving 42 sample consisted of 21 premature babies in both control and intervention group.

This study found that there was a significant difference on acute pain responses before and after developmental care been implemented (p value=0,000). Recommendation from this research are developmental care needs to be applied in nursing care for premature babies and it also important to investigate the long term influence of developmental care on development of premature babies either from the aspect of cognitive, languange and motor skills."

"Karya ilmiah ini merupakan analisis pelaksanaan praktik residensi keperawatan anak selama dua semester. Kegiatan utama yang dilakukan antara lain memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada bayi prematur dan praktik keperawatan berbasis pembuktian. Asuhan keperawatan pada bayi prematur menggunakan teori comfort Kolcaba. Diagnosis keperawatan yang sering muncul pada bayi prematur adalah nyeri prosedural, gangguan termoregulasi, nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh dan risiko infeksi. Intervensi dengan teknik mengukur kenyamanan, edukasi pada orangtua, dan melalui tindakan menenangkan jiwa. Praktik keperawatan berbasis pembuktian dilakukan melalui facilitated tucking disertai "hadir-berbicara" untuk menurunkan skor nyeri prosedural. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa intervensi berbasis teori comfort Kolcaba efektif untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan. Disarankan agar teori comfort Kolcaba dapat diterapkan dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada bayi prematur.

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This scientific paper is an analysis of the implementation of pediatric nursing practice residency during two semesters. Main activities were providing nursing care to premature`s infant and doing evidence based nursing practice. Nursing care had been premature`s infant using a Kolcaba comfort`s theory. Nursing problem usually occured in premature`s infant were acute procedural pain, ineffective thermoregulation, imbalanced nutrition: less than body, risk for infection. Intervention done by technical comfort measures, parent`s coaching, and comfort food the soul. Evidence done by doing facilitated tucking and "talking to-being with" to decrease score of acute procedural pain. The result showed the evidence based on Kolcaba comfort`s theory effective to increase comfort. It is suggested that Kolcaba comfort`s theory can applied in the provision of nursing care to premature`s infant."

"[ABSTRAKPerawatan bayi prematur di unit perawatan intensifdapat menimbulkan stimulasi berlebihan bahkan stres fisik pada bayi akibat prosedur invasif yang rutin dilakukan.Studi fenomenologi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman perawat dalam mengambil keputusan etik untuk pelaksanaan tindakan invasif pada bayi prematur.Partisipan berjumlah 7 orang perawat di ruang perinatologi yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi empat tema: (1)masalah etik yang ditemui dalam pelaksanaan prosedur invasif, 2) kebutuhan perawat untuk mampu mengambil keputusan etik, 3) hambatan dalam mengambil keputusan, dan 4) perilaku etis saat pelaksanaan prosedur invasif. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengevaluasi secara kuantitatif kemampuan pengambilan keputusan etik perawat dalam pelaksanaan tindakan invasif selama proses asuhan keperawatan pada bayi prematur.

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ABSTRACTThe treatmentof premature infants at intensive care units may give excessive stimulation even physical stress due toinvasive procedures. The aims of this phenomenological studyis to determine thenurses experiences in ethical decision making for the implementation of invasive procedure. The total of the participants is 7 nurses at perinatology unit which selected by purposive sampling. The results identified four themes: (1) ethical issues encountered in the implementation of invasive procedures, (2) nursing ability to make ethical decisions, (3) some common barriers in decision making, and (4) ethical behavior during the implemention of invasive procedures. Future studies are expected to evaluate quantitatively the ability of nurse ethical decision making in the implementation of invasive procedures during the nursing processfor premature infants.;The treatmentof premature infants at intensive care units may give excessive stimulation even physical stress due toinvasive procedures. The aims of this phenomenological studyis to determine thenurses experiences in ethical decision making for the implementation of invasive procedure. The total of the participants is 7 nurses at perinatology unit which selected by purposive sampling. The results identified four themes: (1) ethical issues encountered in the implementation of invasive procedures, (2) nursing ability to make ethical decisions, (3) some common barriers in decision making, and (4) ethical behavior during the implemention of invasive procedures. Future studies are expected to evaluate quantitatively the ability of nurse ethical decision making in the implementation of invasive procedures during the nursing processfor premature infants.;The treatmentof premature infants at intensive care units may give excessive stimulation even physical stress due toinvasive procedures. The aims of this phenomenological studyis to determine thenurses experiences in ethical decision making for the implementation of invasive procedure. The total of the participants is 7 nurses at perinatology unit which selected by purposive sampling. The results identified four themes: (1) ethical issues encountered in the implementation of invasive procedures, (2) nursing ability to make ethical decisions, (3) some common barriers in decision making, and (4) ethical behavior during the implemention of invasive procedures. Future studies are expected to evaluate quantitatively the ability of nurse ethical decision making in the implementation of invasive procedures during the nursing processfor premature infants., The treatmentof premature infants at intensive care units may give excessive stimulation even physical stress due toinvasive procedures. The aims of this phenomenological studyis to determine thenurses experiences in ethical decision making for the implementation of invasive procedure. The total of the participants is 7 nurses at perinatology unit which selected by purposive sampling. The results identified four themes: (1) ethical issues encountered in the implementation of invasive procedures, (2) nursing ability to make ethical decisions, (3) some common barriers in decision making, and (4) ethical behavior during the implemention of invasive procedures. Future studies are expected to evaluate quantitatively the ability of nurse ethical decision making in the implementation of invasive procedures during the nursing processfor premature infants.]"

"Penanganan nyeri pada bayi yang dilakukan suntikan imunisasi belum optimal, sementara metode menurunkan nyeri yang teridentifikasi tidak digunakan dengan rutin.Tujuan studi mengetahui efektivitas paket dukungan keluarga (PDK) terhadap respon perilaku nyeri bayi yang dilakukan suntikan imunisasi. Desain penelitian quasi eksperiment, sampel 30 bayi intervensi dan 30 bayi kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran nyeri menggunakan modified behavior pain scale (MBPS) melalui rekaman video. Hasilnya terdapat perbedaan rerata respon nyeri kelompok intervensi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dimana p value < 0,05 (p = 0,000 pada α = 0,05). Implikasi keperawatannya adalah optimalisasi keterlibatan keluarga dalam menajemen nyeri bayi yang dilakukan suntikan imunisasi.

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Treatments for decreasing the pain when the infant is having immunization are not sufficient, while some methods in decreasing pain are not well implemented. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of family support package on the pain response of the infant when they are having immunization. This study used quasi experiment design. Total sample is 60 respondents, where 30 respondents in control and another 30 respondents in intervention groups. Pain was measured by using modified behavior pain scale (MBPS) on patient?s recorded video. The result shows that intervention group?s mean scores are significantly lower than control group?s where p value < 0,05 (p=0,000, α = 0,05). The nursing implication from this study is that optimizing the family involvement in pain management on the baby who are having immunization are important."

"ABSTRAKBayi prematur merupakan individu yang kerap mendapatkan prosedur invasif berupa penusukan. Nyeri yang berulang akibat prosedur invasif merupakan salah satu penyebab terganggunya perkembangan bayi prematur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh empeng dan pembedongan terhadap penurunan nyeri dan fungsi fisiologis paska tindakan invasif pada bayi prematur di Unit Perawatan Risiko Tinggi (PERISTI). Rancangan penelitian ini adalah randomized control trial dengan desain paralel. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 30 bayi prematur. Bayi prematur yang mendapatkan terapi empeng dan bedong sebanyak 15 bayi prematur (kelompok intervensi), dan bayi yang mendapat perawatan rutin sebanyak 15 bayi (kelompok kontrol). Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa frekuensi nadi dan skor nyeri pada kelompok intervensi lebih stabil dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p= 0,013; 0,003 < 0,05), walaupun setelah diuji antar kelompok hasilnya kurang bermakna (skor nyeri p= 0,006; frekuensi nadi p= 0,45; saturasi oksigen p= 0,15). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemberian empeng dan bedong sebagai terapi alternatif untuk tatalaksana nyeri pada bayi prematur ketika mendapatkan prosedur infasif.

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ABSTRACT

Premature babies are individuals who often receive invasive procedures such as pricking. Recurrent pain due to an invasive procedure is one cause of impaired development of preterm infants. This study aims to determine the effect of pacifier and swaddlling to decrease pain and physiological function in premature infants undergoing minor invasive procedure at High Risk Care Unit (PERISTI). This study design is randomized control trial with parallel design. The number of samples in this study were 30 infants premetur. Premature infants who received a dummy therapy and swaddling as much as 15 premature infants (intervention group), and infants who received routine care as much as 15 infants (control group). This study shows the pulse frequency and pain scores in the intervention group is more stable compared to the control group (p = 0.013; 0.003 <0.05), though after the test results were less significant among the groups (p = 0.006 pain scores; pulse frequency p = 0.45; p = 0.15 oxygen saturation). The study recommends the provision of pacifiers and swaddling as an alternative therapy for the treatment of pain in premature babies when getting invasive procedures."

"ABSTRAKNeonatus yang dirawat di rumah sakit sering mendapatkan tindakan yang menimbulkan nyeri. Sukrosa dan nonnutritive sucking (NNS) merupakan analgesik nonfarmakologi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui efektifitas sukrosa dan NNS terhadap respon nyeri dan lama tangisan neonatus yang dilakukan tindakan invasif.Desain penelitian adalah quasi experimental, rancangan postest only control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan nonprobability sampling jenis consecutive sampling. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 45 neonatus aterm yang terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok, tiap kelompok 15 neonatus.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respon nyeri tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok sukrosa dan NNS (p=0,635). Lama tangisan tidak berbeda bermakna antara kelompok sukrosa dan NNS (p=0,848). Umur merupakan variabel perancu yang memberikan pengaruh pada respon nyeri. Pemberian sukrosa maupun NNS terbukti dapat menurunkan nyeri dalam manajemen nyeri nonfarmakologi pada neonatus yang dilakukan prosedur invasif.

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ABSTRACT

Hospitalized neonates may experience pain caused by invasive procedures. Sucrose and non-nutritive sucking are non-pharmacological analgesics. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of sucrose and non-nutritive sucking administration on pain and crying duration of neonates during invasive procedures.

The study used quasi-experimental design with post-test only control group design approach. This study used nonprobability sampling technic with consecutive sampling. The sample consisted of 45 neonates, divided into three groups, each group of 15 neonates. The study used nonprobability sampling technic with consecutive sampling.

The results showed that the pain response and the crying duration were insignificantly different between the sucrose group and the NNS, respectively p=0,635 and p=0,848. Age was identified as a confounding variable that effected pain responses. Provision of sucrose and NNS proven to reduce pain as non-pharmacological pain management for neonates during invasive procedures."

"Bayi prematur mudah kehilangan panas, salah satunya saat dilakukan tindakan invasif pengambilan darah. Penelitian mengunakan crossover design (desain ekperimen kontrol silang) dimana melakukan 2 uji coba intervensi yang bertujuan membandingkan 2 tindakan yang berbeda pada sampel yang sama. Responden dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok A & B masing-masing 18 bayi prematur. Analisis menggunakan uji statistik independent T,test. Tindakan invasif di inkubator pintu terbuka nilai p 0,001, secara statistik terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh bayi prematur; sedangkan radiant warmer nilai p 0,001 secara statistik terdapat perbedaan rerata yang bermakna terhadap peningkatan suhu tubuh bayi prematur sebelum dan sesudah tindakan invasif pengambilan darah di bawah radiant warmer. Radiant warmer mampu menghindari terjadinya hipotermia pada bayi prematur saat dilakukan tindakan invasif. Radiant warmer sebagai pemancar hangat dapat direkomendasikan untuk melakukan tindakan invasif pengambilan darah, tetapi tidak digunakan untuk perawatan secara rutin karena dapat meningkatkan IWL.

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The premature infants tend to heat loss quickly. It can be occurred when they get invasive procedure venous puncture. The research uses crossover design by conducting 2 intervention tests to compare 2 different treatment to the same sample. This research involves two group of respondents; A and B with consists of 18 premature infants in each group. The process of data analisys uses statistical Independent T.Test. Intervention are conducted in open incubator p value 0,001 statistically range related to heat loss in premature infants. On the other hand, radiant warmer p value 0,001 statistically refers to the defferent range of heat gain before and after invasive procedure for venous puncture is given radiant warmert. Radiant warmer prevent the premature infant from hypothermia during invasive procedure. As its benefit, it becomes the preferable way to do invasive procedure. However, it is inadvisable for routine care of newborn infant since it can increase IWL."

"Dampak dari hospitalisasi pada anak diantaranya adalah stres. Stres ini timbul karena anak takut akan tindakan invasif, cemas berpisah dengan orang tua serta karena nyeri. Tindakan invasif yang didapat anak selama hospitalisasi sering menimbulkan trauma berkepanjangan. Salah satu prosedur invasif yang dilakukan bagi anak adalah terapi melalui intra vena.Tindakan ini menimbulkan nyeri. Upaya untuk managemen nyeri ada farmakologis dan non farmakologis. Tindakan non farmakologis yang bisa dilaksanakan oleh perawat diantaranya dengan memberikan stimulasi kulit. Stimulasi kulit yang diupayakan antara lain dengan menggunakan kompres es batu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kompres es batu terhadap tingkat nyeri anak usia pra sekolah yang dilakukan prosedur pemasangan infus. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan Nonequivalent control group, after only design. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 64 anak yang dilakukan pemasangan infus di rumah sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, 32 anak sebagai kelompok intervensi, 32 anak sebagai kelompok kontrl. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data berupa 1 kuesioner dan 1 lembar observasi dengan menggunakan skala Wong Baker Pain Faces. Instrumen berupa lembar kuesioner.

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Distress is a negative effect during hospitalization on children. invasive procedures, separation anxiety and painful which cause considerable child distress. Invasive procedures during hospitalization continuesly distress. Intrusive proce ures such as venipuncture are well understood as a stressfull event for children. Pain management were pharmacological and non pharmacological. Cutaneus stimulation is a non pharmacological theraphy to reduce venipuncture related pain and can be performed by nurses. Ice cube is cutaneus stimulation. The purpose of this study was determining the effect of ice cube prior to venipuncture on pain related responses in preschool age child. This study is quasi experiment with nonequivalent control group after only design. The subject were 64 preschool child selected by purposive sampling. Two groups were chosen for this study: 32 the test and 32 control group. Pain responses were measured using Wong Baker faces Pain Scale and confounding factor were measured using quesionaire. After homogeneity test this study analyzed with chi square. Result showed that ice cube reduced pain on preschool age child who were venipuncture, 83,3% mild pain with icecube and 16,7% mild pain without ice cube on p=0.01, α < 0,05. Ice cube efficient and effective for cutaneus stimulation. Pediatric nurse could apply ice cube for atraumatic care on venipuncture procedures. Sex, ethnic, member of family present, and child experience did not effect pain relieve in children. Child fear significantly effect for pain relieve in preschool age child ."