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"This paper looks at the nature of data for lexicography and in particular on the central role that electronic corpora can play in providing it. Data has traditionally come from existing dictionaries, citations, and from the lexicographer?s own knowledge of words, through introspection. Each of these is examined and evaluated. Then the electronic corpus is considered. Different kinds of corpora are described and key design criteria are explained, in particular the size of corpus needed for lexicography as well as the issue of representativeness and sampling. The advantages and disadvantages of corpora are weighed and compared against the other types of data. While each of these has benefits, it is argued that corpora are a requirement, not an option, as data for dictionary making."

"This paper looks at the nature of data for lexicography and in particular on the central role that electronic corpora can play in providing it. Data has traditionally come from existing dictionaries, citations, and from the lexicographer’s own knowledge of words, through introspection. Each of these is examined and evaluated. Then the electronic corpus is considered. Different kinds of corpora are described and key design criteria are explained, in particular the size of corpus needed for lexicography as well as the issue of representativeness and sampling. The advantages and disadvantages of corpora are weighed and compared against the other types of data. While each of these has benefits, it is argued that corpora are a requirement, not an option, as data for dictionary making."

"In this paper, I describe four Indonesian aspect markers, sudah, telah, pernah, and sempat, showing that the main opposition between them relies not only on their aspectual meanings, but also on the various modalities they express. The opposition between the very frequent markers sudah and telah is analysed in detail. The syntactic and semantic survey shows that these two markers are not synonyms in most contexts."

"This article examines uses of Indonesian third person singular pronouns ia and dia in news reports. It takes as its departure point the general account of the pronouns which specifies that ia can occur only in subject position, while dia can occur in subject or object position. The article shows that, although both pronouns can occur in subject position, they differ distributionally and functionally. Ia occurs almost three times as frequently as dia and predominates in subject position, while dia occurs mostly in non-subject position. Ia is primarily used to convey the notion that the referent is a reliable and authoritative source of information and to focus on the referent as an agent or protagonist who is initiating or performing some action or a series of actions. By contrast, dia tends to be selected for contexts in which the referent is presented as a speaker who is elaborating on what has been said previously rather than introducing a new point. The predominance of ia in news report accords with its characterization as a pronoun strongly associated with formal registers."

"The absence of a gender opposition in the Indonesian pronominal system requires special strategies in the translation from languages which do have such an opposition illustrated in the first part opf this article. In the second part the lexical and morphological means are discussed with which Indonesian expresses gender, culminating in a description of the use of perempuan and wanita, pria and laki-laki."

"Different form many other name-giving possibilities in the world, in Indonesia parents are free to give their children any name they like. These names, many of which are auspicious in view of the child?s future, are often constructed by means of productive morphological procedures. Seven suffixes are followed through history and culture and their possibilities in making new names are explored. The suffixes concern the female ?ingsih, ?ingrum, ?ingtyas, ?ingdyah ?astuti, ?wati, and the male ?wan. Various ins and outs concerning these suffixes are explored and their attachments to various words from various word classes from Indonesian, Javanese and other language revealed. Cross-language name construction leads to trans-language creations that play a possible role in the constitution of Indonesian nation building. The procedures moreover seem to indicate trends away from the inclination to give children Muslim names."

"This paper deals with the phonology and the lexicology of the Indonesian Bajo language and more specifically with the dialect or variant that can be heard all around the Flores Sea in Kangean, South-East Sulawesi, Sumbawa, and Flores. The phonological survey focuses on vowel lengthening, gemination, pre-nasalized phonemes, and sandhi. The second part of this paper proposes an insight into Bajo lexicology, restricted to nominal and verbal derivation."

"Disertasi ini membahas medan makna verba bahasa Inggris bidang ekonomi dari sudut pandang semantik leksikal berbasis korpus. Medan makna dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada relasi sintagmatis atau yang disebut dengan kolokasi dan bertujuan agar dapat mengungkapkan rumpang konseptual medan makna kosakata bidang ekonomi increase, improve, raise, develop, expand, extend, dan enhance bagi penutur Inggris dan penutur bahasa Inggris yang berbahasa ibu bahasa Indonesia. Metode penelitian dalam disertasi ini menggunakan kombinasi ancangan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan komparatif serta pendekatan linguistik korpus. Sumber data penelitian berasal dari teks digital bidang ekonomi para mahasiswa Inggris (British Academic Written English/ BAWE) dan teks digital mandiri yang berisi artikel-artikel dari jurnal nasional terakreditasi Sinta 2 (Indonesian Economic Written English/ IEWE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan medan makna yang dibangun oleh makna kolokat verba increase, improve, raise, develop, expand, extend, dan enhance bahasa Inggris yang digunakan oleh penutur bahasa Inggris dan penutur bahasa Indonesia merepresentasikan rumpang-rumpang konseptual yang dimiliki penutur-penutur tersebut.

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This dissertation discusses the semantic field of economic English verbs from a study of corpus-based lexical semantics. The semantic field in this research is based on a syntagmatic relation or what is called collocation and aims to reveal the conceptual gaps of the semantic fields of economic field vocabularies increase, improve, raise, develop, expand, extend, and enhance for English speakers and English language speakers whose mother tongue is Indonesian language. The research method in this dissertation uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches with descriptive and comparative methods as well as corpus linguistic approach. The research data sources come from the economic digital texts of British students (British Academic Writing English/ BAWE) and independent digital texts containing articles from the Sinta 2 accredited national journals (Indonesian Economic Writing English/ IEWE). The result of the research showed that the semantic fields differences constructed by the meanings of collocations of English verbs increase, improve, raise, develop, expand, extend, enhance used by English speakers and Indonesian language speakers represent the conceptual gaps possessed by those speakers."

"Lirik merupakan salah satu intrumen terpenting dalam penciptaan sebuah lagu. Melalui lirik, penulis atau pencipta lagu bertujuan untuk menyampaikan sebuah pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada para pendengarnya. Di Korea, dalam proses penulisan lirik, sering kali menggunakan kata bunga matahari sebagai kiasan atau simbol dalam menggambarkan suatu keindahan. Bunga Matahari adalah salah satu contoh bunga yang paling banyak dijadikan sebagai simbol dalam lagu-lagu Korea dari tahun ke tahun. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis menjabarkan makna kata bunga matahari yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu Korea yang berjudul Sunflower. Dalam melakukan penelitiannya, penulis menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara mengambil penggalam lirik yang mengandung kata bunga matahari untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat makna denotatif dan konotatif dari keenam lagu Korea yang berjudul Sunflower. Makna denotatif tersebut adalah makna sebenarnya, yaitu bunga matahari yang tumbuh dan mekar berwarna kuning, sedangkan pada makna konotatifnya tergambarkan perasaan senang dan sedih. Dari keenam lagu tersebut, penulis mendapatkan 3 lagu diantaranya menggambarkan perasaan sedih, dan 3 lagu lainnya menggambarkan perasaan senang.

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Lyrics are one of the most important instruments in the process of creation of a song. Through lyrics, the songwriter aims to convey a message to the listeners. In Korean, the process of writing lyrics often uses the word flower as a metaphor or symbol to describes beauty. For example, sunflowers are the most common use flower that used as a symbol in Korean songs from year to year. In this research, the author describes the meaning of sunflower in the lyrics of Korean song entitled Sunflower. In conducting this research, the author uses qualitative descriptive analysis method by taking some lyrics snippets containing the word sunflower for further analysis. Based on the result of the analysis, the author concludes that there are denotative and connotative meanings from the six Korean song entitled Sunflower. The denotative meaning is indeed the literal meaning of a growing and bloom yellow flower. On the other hand, the connotative meaning describes the feeling of joy and sadness. From the six songs, 3 songs describe the feelings of joy, and the other 3 songs describe the feeling of sadness."