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"Summary:A book on biotechnological processes for odor and air pollution control, the nuisance and hazard side effects of industries. It describes various biotechnological methods ranging from laboratory, to pilot evaluation and to full-scale process implementation"

"Pencemaran udara merupakan masuknya polutan ke lingkungan yang menyebabkan efek negatif terhadap lingkungan seperti menurunkan tingkat kesehatan manusia dan organisme lain. Polusi udara terdiri dari dua jenis polutan yang berbentuk partikel dan gas dimana partikel berisikan PM2.5&PM10, sedangkan gas bersisikan Karbon Monoksida (CO), Nitrogen Dioksida (NO2), Sulfur Dioksida (SO2), dan Ozon (O3). Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat memantau tingkat polusi udara untuk mengetahui kualitas udara. Dengan menggunakan sistem berbasis Internet of Things (IoT), monitoring polusi udara dapat dilakukan secara real-time. Sistem IoT yang digunakan adalah berbasis Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) yang cenderung baik untuk pemantauan polusi udara karena memiliki karakteristik konsumsi daya yang sedikit dan jarak jangkauan yang cukup luas. Parameter yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah partikel PM2.5 & PM10 yang didasarkan oleh Air Quality Index (AQI).

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Air pollution is the entry of pollutants into the environment that causes negative effects on the environment, such as reducing the health levels of humans and other organisms. Air pollution consists of two types of pollutants in the form of particles and gases. Particles include PM2.5 and PM10, while gases include Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), and Ozone (O3). Therefore, a system is needed to monitor air pollution levels to determine air quality. By using an Internet of Things (IoT) based system, air pollution monitoring can be done in real-time. The IoT system used is based on Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), which is well-suited for air pollution monitoring due to its low power consumption and wide coverage range. The parameters measured in this research are PM2.5 and PM10 particles, based on the Air Quality Index (AQI)."

"This book discusses the development, types and application principles of portable air purifiers in China. It analyzes the theoretical characteristics of air purifiers under various operational conditions, and points out that the term “Clean Air Delivery Rate” cannot be used to precisely reflect the problems that occur under various operational conditions. By comparing theoretical and measured data, it highlights the mainfeatures of air purifiers and key points in the design process for different applications. Calculation methods for the indoor particle concentration and the self-purification time are also provided. The book describes the conditions for window opening in smog and for selecting air purifiers, and proposes a newmethod for improvingtheir measurement. In closing, it includes a new assessment index. "

"Abstract:In the new millennium, indoor air quality methodologies have expanded, evolved, and morphed. This book addresses the old and the new. The focus is shifting from a knee-jerk to a more proactive response. Although indoor air quality in older buildings will continue to present old challenges, new construction is going forward with new challenges. Indoor Air Quality: The Latest Sampling Methods, Second Edition covers basic concepts and details various approaches to the identification and assessment of indoor air contaminants that contribute to building-related illness in commercial buildings, in"

"Kualitas udara dalam ruangan di rumah sakit harus menjadi perhatian khusus karena pasien salah satu sumber pencemar mikroorganisme patogen ke udara yang dapat memicu persebaran infeksi nosokomial, maka dilakukan penelitian terhadap kualitas udara di salah satu rumah sakit di Depok, yaitu Rumah Sakit Tugu Ibu, untuk mengetahui konsentrasi mikroorganisme di udara. Sampel udara diambil menggunakan EMS Bioaerosol Sampler Single Stage Sampler dengan debit aliran udara sebesar 28,3 L/menit. Bakteri di udara diambil selama dua menit pada media Tryptic Soy Agar dan diinkubasi pada temperatur 35-37oC selama 24 jam, sementara itu jamur pada media Malt Extract Agar selama dua menit dan diinkubasi pada temperatur 25-29oC selama 48-72 jam. Koloni yang tumbuh dihitung sebagai colony-forming Units CFU/m3 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil angka kuman, temperature dan kelembaban udara dalam ruangan pada rentang 1.385-2.930 CFU/m3, 25-28oC dan 72-91 yang mana melebihi batas baku mutu KepMenKes No. 1204/MENKES/SK/X/2004. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi diuji secara statistik menggunakan uji non-parametrik untuk menunjukkan korelasi dengan jumlah orang dan hasil menunjukkan korelasi sig< 0,05 pada konsentrasi bakteri dengan jumlah orang dan tidak menunjukkan korelasi sig > 0,05 pada konsentrasi jamur dengan jumlah orang. Berdasarkan pengukuran dan perhitungan, sebagian besar Bilangan Reynold lebih besar dari 2.000 yang mengindikasikan bahwa jenis aliran udara didominasi oleh aliran turbulen. Jumlah pertukaran udara sebagian besar kurang dari 4 kali/jam sehingga tidak memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh ASHRAE 1999 . Besarnya konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur dipengaruhi oleh temperature, kelembaban udara, kecepatan udara, jenis aliran udara, dan pertukaran udara per jam. Sementara itu, jumlah orang sangat berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi bakteri namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi jamur.

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Indoor air quality in hospital has to be considered because patients could be a source of pollutant and lead a nosocomial infection. Therefore, bioaerosol was measured in selected hospitals at city of Depok, which is Tugu Ibu Hospital. Air sampling was conducted by using EMS Bioaerosol Single Stage Sampler and worked at a flowrate of 28.3 l min. Airborne bacteria were collected for two min on Tryptic Soy Agar and then incubated at 35 37oC for 24 h, while fungi on Malt Extract Agar for two min and then incubated at 25 29oC for 48 72 h. The colonies were counted as colony forming units CFU m3 . The result showed that indoor air bacteria and fungi concentrations, air temperature and humidity with the range approximately between 1,385 2,930 CFU m3, 25 28oC and 72 91 , respectively. All the numbers have exceeded the quality of standards by Ministry of Health Decree No. 1204 MENKES SK X 2004. Spearman rank correlation showed strong correlation sig 0.05 between indoor air bacteria concentrations and number of visitors and no correlation sig 0.05 between indoor air fungi concentrations and number of visitors. Based on measurements and calculations, Reynold numbers were mostly over 2,000, which indicated the indoor airflow dominated by turbulent flow. Air change rates were mostly less than 4 times hour and did not meet quality standards by ASHRAE 1999 . Indoor air bacteria and fungi concentrations were influenced by temperature, air humidity and velocity, type of airflow and air change rates. Meanwhile, number of visitors affected the concentration of bacteria but did not on fungi."

"Tempat Penampungan Sampah Sementara (TPS) adalah salah satu elemen terpenting dalam sistem pengelolaan limbah padat. Keberadaan TPS open dumping di Jakarta pada kenyataannya menimbulkan permasalahan khususnya bagi kualitas udara bioaerosol di sekitarnya. Bioaerosol adalah mikroorganisme atau partikel, gas, substansi dalam gas, atau organisme yang hidup dan terdapat dalam udara. Keberadaan bioaerosol dalam jumlah tertentu yang terhirup akan menimbulkan infeksi pernapasan seperti alergi dan asma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh peningkatan volume, komposisi, dan kandungan air sampah, serta parameter fisik udara selama proses penimbunan dan pengangkutan sampah terhadap kualitas udara bioaerosol di sekitar TPS. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan penelitian ini diantaranya ASTM D5231-92 dikombinasikan dengan SNI 19-3964-1994 untuk timbulan dan komposisi sampah, AIHA untuk pengambilan sampel bioaerosol, load-count analysis untuk volume sampah, dan wet-weight moisture content untuk kandungan air sampah. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukan konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur mencapai puncaknya pada pukul 12.00 WIB disaat volume sampah juga mencapai puncaknya dalam satu hari. Di lokasi TPS, konsentrasi bakteri tertinggi mencapai 9720 CFU/m3 dan konsentrasi jamur tertinggi yaitu 6000 CFU/m3. Di lapangan sekolah yang berjarak 25 m dari TPS, konsentrasi bakteri tertinggi mencapai 1789 CFU/m3 dan konsentrasi jamur tertinggi yaitu 2439 CFU/m3. Konsentrasi bioaerosol akan menurun hingga 420?8040 CFU/m3 ketika terjadi pengangkutan ritasi pertama yang mengangkut sampah sekitar 18?24 m3. Semakin tinggi persentase komposisi sampah organik dan kandungan air sampah di TPS maka konsentrasi bakteri dan jamur di sekitarnya juga semakin tinggi. Bioaerosol tumbuh optimum pada kelembaban relatif antara 40?80%, temperatur udara sebesar 26?36oC, dan kecepatan udara <1,5 m/s. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan langkah khusus mengurangi dampak sampah seperti renovasi bangunan TPS dan adanya pengelolaan sampah meliputi komposting dan pengembangan bank sampah.

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Solid waste transfer station is one important element in a solid waste management system. The existence of the open dumping transfer station in Jakarta in fact cause problems, especially for bioaerosol air quality in the vicinity. Bioaerosol are the particles, gases, substance, or organisms that live in the air. The existence of bioaerosol in a certain amount inhaled would cause respiratory infections such as allergies and asthma. This research aimed to study the effect of the increase in volume, composition, moisture content of solid waste, and physical parameters of the air during the process of stockpiling and transporting waste to bioaerosol air quality around transfer station. The methods that are used in this research are ASTM D5231-92 combined with SNI 19-3964-1994 for waste generation and composition measurement, AIHA for the sampling procedure of bioaerosol, load-count analysis for waste volume and wet-weight moisture content for waste moisture content.

The results showed the concentration of bacteria and fungi peaked at 12.00 p.m while the volume of waste also culminated in a day. At the location of trasfer station, the highest bacterial concentration reaches 9720 CFU/m3 and the highest concentration of fungi 6000 CFU/m3. In the field school that is within 25 meters of tranfer stations, the highest bacterial concentration reaches 1789 CFU/m3 and the highest concentration of fungi 2439 CFU/m3. Bioaerosol concentration will decline to 420-8040 CFU/m3 when the first carriage carrying trash around 18-24 m3. The higher the percentage of organic waste composition and water content of garbage in transfer station, the concentration of bacteria and fungi in the vicinity are also higher. Bioaerosol optimum growing at between 40-80% relative humidity, air temperature of 26-36oC, and air velocity <1.5 m/s. Therefore, special steps are needed to reduce the impact of waste such as the renovation of the building in transfer station includes composting their waste management and development of waste banks."