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""Widespread in North American forest regions including the Rocky Mountains, the Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) was once the most numerous predatory bird in Eurasian boreal forests. Synthesising the results of unique long-term studies of Boreal Owls, this book explores hunting modes, habitats and foods, prey interactions, mating and parental care, reproduction, dispersal, survival and mortality, population regulation and conservation in boreal forests. Providing a detailed introduction to the species, the authors study the complex interactions of Boreal Owls with their prey species. They examine the inter-sexual tug-of-war over parental care, and the behavioural and demographic adaptations to environmental conditions that predictably and markedly fluctuate both seasonally and multi-annually. They also question whether Boreal Owls are able to time their reproductive effort to maximise lifetime reproductive success. Discussing the effect of modern forestry practices on owl populations, the book also examines how Boreal Owls could be managed to sustain viable populations"--"The Boreal Owl Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation of a Forest-Dwelling Predator Widespread in North American forest regions including the Rocky Mountains, the boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) was once the most numerous predatory bird in Eurasian boreal forests. Synthesising the results of unique long-term studies of boreal owls, this book explores hunting modes, habitats and foods, prey interactions, mating and parental care, reproduction, dispersal, survival and mortality, population regulation and conservation in boreal forests"--"

"The importance of conservation is growing each year, with increasing concerns over the destruction of biodiversity and the rising awareness of ecosystem services generating new debates on the human-nature relationship. This compact overview integrates the process, theory and practice of conservation for a broad readership, from students to practitioners. Taking a global perspective, it uses examples from around the world to show how general themes, patterns and drivers acting at different scales come together to cause problems at the local level"-- Provided by publisher."

"Harimau sumatera di penangkaran dapat menunjukkan perubahan perilaku dalambentuk perilaku stereotipe. Kegiatan tindakan medis pun dapat menyebabkancedera saat handling dan stres pada satwa. Teknik enrichment (pengayaan) sudahdikenal mampu mengurangi perilaku stereotipe dan stres harimau di penangkaran.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengevaluasi teknik environmental enrichment, food enrichment dan social enrichment pada harimau sumatera di Rescue Centre Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (Tambling), (2) mengevaluasi hubungan perilaku stereotipe dengan stres fisiologis harimau sumatera melalui rasio neutrofil per limfosit (Rasio N/L). Obyek penelitian ini ialah 4 ekor harimau sumatera (1 betina dan 3 jantan) di Rescue Centre Tambling. Kayu untuk environmentalenrichment, daging ayam segar untuk food enrichment dan positive reinforcementconditioning (PRC) untuk social enrichment harimau digunakan pada penelitian ini.Pengamatan perilaku harimau dilakukan selama 2 bulan (baseline) dan 2 bulan(post-enrichment) dengan metode focal animal sampling dalam radius <10 m.Koleksi sampel darah dilakukan 2 kali setelah pengamatan perilaku baseline danpost-enrichment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teknik social enrichment palingefektif (Z = -,0730, P = 0,465<0,05) dibandingkan environmental & foodenrichment. Pemeriksaan medis dan tindakan medis dapat lebih mudah dilakukandengan PRC. Hasil rasio N/L tidak berkorelasi dengan perilaku stereotipe harimausumatera (x2 = 3, P = 0,392 > 0,05). Hasil rasio N/L tersebut menandakan bahwaperilaku sterotipe harimau merupakan bentuk coping mechanism di RC Tambling.

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Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae, Pocock, 1929) shows behavioural change

such as stereotype behaviour in captivity as a wild carnivore. Handling wild animals

on medical procedures often cause stress and injury. Enrichment techniques are

well known for reducing tiger’s stereotype behaviour and stress. This research aims

to (1) evaluate suitable enrichment techniques (between food enrichment,

environmental enrichment and social enrichment) on Sumatran tiger and (2)

evaluate the correlation between stereotype behaviour and physiological stress

through neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L Ratio). This research was conducted at

Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Rescue Centre and 4 tigers as subjects (1

female, 3 males). Novel wood as environmental enrichment, fresh chicken meat as

food enrichment and positive reinforcement conditioning (PRC) as social

enrichment were used on this research. Behavioural observations were conducted

with focal continuous animal sampling in two months as a baseline and two months

post-enrichment. The distance between observer and the subject was within 10

metres. Blood sample collections were conducted twice after the behavioural

observations. The N/L ratio was counted on the field to minimize the damage of the

sample during transportation to the laboratory. The result showed that social

enrichment is the most effective (Z = -,0730, P = 0,465<0,05) compared to food

enrichment and environmental enrichment. Medical check-up and procedure could

be more convenient using PRC on the tiger. N/L ratio indicated there was no

significant correlation between stereotype behaviour and physiological stress (x2=

3, P = 0,392 > 0,05). The four"

"Meski masih terdapat wancana dan perdebatan mengenai asal-usul atau awal mula munculnya gagasan demokrasi (dimokratia bahasa Yunani; Democracy dalam bahasa Inggris); namun demikian, merupakan hal yang sudah filosof aristotle telah membuat tipologi tentang bentuk-bentuk pemerintahan..."