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"In the history of modern Malay literature, the 1960s are labelled by many literarycritics as era picisan (the age of dime fiction) because of the flood of karya picisan(dime fiction) in the local market. Karya picisan here refers to works that clearlymanipulate sexual themes, with the intent of conjuring an atmosphere of eroticismto attract readers. Critics generally do not consider these works to be karya sastra(literary works) because they do not fulfil two important criteria that commonlyclassify the term ?literature?, namely bahasa yang indah (aesthetic language) and isiyang berfaedah (beneficial content). In the context of this definition of ?literature?,Shahnon Ahmad?s 1965 novel Terdedah is considered problematic because ofincongruities in the estimation of its ?literariness?. As opposed to critics whoinitially labelled it karya picisan, the ?literariness? of Terdedah was defended byits own author because it contained elements social criticism. This difference inopinion raises an important point regarding the commonly accepted definitionsof ?literature? and ?literariness? in Malay literature: after Shahnon proclaimed hisnovel?s worth based on its social criticism, critical reception towards Terdedahshowed an unmistakable shift. With respect to this shift of opinion, this articlewill perform a critical analysis of the meaning of ?literariness? in relation toTerdedah, and in doing so, clearly determine its status as either a karya picisan orkarya sastra, based on the definition of ?literature? practised in Malay literature."

"On the basis of the theoretical notions of discursive ambience and ambientdiscourse, this article examines the recent history of language and ethnicity inBanyuwangi in the far east of Java. Over the last three decades (with roots goingback to the 1920s and earlier) a redefinition of the language and culture of the?autochthonous? inhabitants of Banyuwangi has been occurring. Their status andconstitution have been changing from a variety of Javanese into an autonomouslanguage and ethnicity, called, after the name given to the language or dialect,Osing. At the same time, an idyllic and heroic picture of the regional past isbeing constructed and maintained. Prominent among the factors and agenciesinvolved in these two ongoing processes is popular media culture. The regencyof Banyuwangi and especially its capital (also named Banyuwangi) are beingcast ? albeit sporadically and incidentally and sometimes controversially ? asan Osing region. At the centre of this historical process, people publicly renderthemselves ? also sporadically and temporarily ? Banyuwanginese by listeningto and especially by singing, in karaoke-style, a genre of pop music with Osinglyrics and musical characteristics perceived as local."

"This article takes as its starting point the early observation that describes the vastness of the research corpus on thecultural history of Indonesia. The vastness of this corpus is, among other things, contributed to by the writings ofWestern scholars. Among those that are considered classics and frequently used as important references are De Hindoe-Javaansche Tijd by N.J. Krom (1950), Nusantara: A History of Indonesia by Bernard H.M. Vlekke (1959), andIndonesia: Trade and Society by J.C. Van Leur (1955). Initial readings find that these Western scholars’ writings oftenraise the question of the role and contribution of Hinduism and Islam in Indonesia. This draws attention to their viewsand standpoint as Westerners on the history of Indonesian culture, especially in the context of comparison betweenHinduism and Islam. This article is written with the purpose of discussing the role and contribution of Islam andHinduism in the history of Indonesia according to the perspective of three Western scholars, namely N.J. Krom, BernardH.M. Vlekke and J.C. Van Leur in the writings mentioned above. This discussion finds that these writings studied aremore inclined to acknowledge the significance of the role and contribution of Hinduism in the history of Indonesianculture, with the presence of Islam said to have not reduced the influence of Hinduism."

"This article contributes to the discussion on how inter-ethnic relations challenge cultural boundaries, in this case Minangkabau matrilineal-Islamic culture in Padang of West Sumatra, Indonesia. This paper will focus on how Minangkabau people establish relationship with other ethnic groups in Padang, a multi-ethnic city. The paper argues that matrilineal principles (descent and inheritance through the maternal line) and Islam are the defining aspects to be considered by Minangkabau people in maintaining relationship with other ethnic groups. Moreover, there is some interplay between the need to protect Minangkabau Islamic-matrilineal adat in maintaining inter-ethnic relations by Minangkabau people and their assimilation and exclusivity interests."

"This article deals with traditional literature of the Pakpak-Dairi and Karo peoples in North Sumatra, who are speakers of closely related Batak languages and have many common features in their language and culture. Their traditional life-style, based on agriculture and the use of forest products, requires the regular performance of community rituals featuring songs, dance, music and other oral traditions including storytelling. The songs, prayers, and stories belonging to their literary tradition have characteristic features that are intimately connected with the social context in which they are created and performed. Karo and Pakpak-Dairi oral genres often contain information about the natural environment, local customs and religious concepts. They may also reflect perceptions of relationships with neighbouring groups, such as the Minangkabau and the Malays who live in the coastal areas."

"What is meant by contemporary literature? The first thing that comes up in mind is that the terminology of contemporary literature points out to ?literature that is new? or ?literature that is very recent?, and constitutes a new trend lastly in touch with public. With this, contemporarity might possibly be seen or measured on the basis of time frame. In China, contemporary literature is not measured merely by the most recent time and the changing literary trend in a certain period of time, it is apparently not free from the political influence of the goverment in power. Political guidance issued by the goverment in a certain period, will define the change in the literary trend in China. Uniquely, the literary trend in a certain period not merely brings out certain themes, but also followed by a great deal of literary works representing the emerging literary trend. In China, by reading a literary work, one will easily be able to detect when that kind of literary works approximately emerged, and who were the authors producing that works."

"Dongeng tentang raja yang mengerti bahasa binatang terdapat versinya dalamPañcatantra baik yang berbahasa Java Kuno maupun Pertengahan. Sadurannya juga terdapatdalam kesusasteraan Jawa Modern, seperti dalam siklus-siklus Anglingdarma. Namun,dalam berbagai versi Java ada kerancuan soal berbagai nama sang raja. Nama-nama tersebutmisalnya Aridharma, Hari Dharma, Aji Dharma dan Angling Darma. Makalah ini akanmembahas masalah nama raja ini dengan asumsi bahwa kejelasannya akan membantu perolehanpemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kesusastraan Jawa, baik Kuno maupun Modern."

"The absence of a gender opposition in the Indonesian pronominal system requires special strategies in the translation from languages which do have such an opposition illustrated in the first part opf this article. In the second part the lexical and morphological means are discussed with which Indonesian expresses gender, culminating in a description of the use of perempuan and wanita, pria and laki-laki."

"Different form many other name-giving possibilities in the world, in Indonesia parents are free to give their children any name they like. These names, many of which are auspicious in view of the child?s future, are often constructed by means of productive morphological procedures. Seven suffixes are followed through history and culture and their possibilities in making new names are explored. The suffixes concern the female ?ingsih, ?ingrum, ?ingtyas, ?ingdyah ?astuti, ?wati, and the male ?wan. Various ins and outs concerning these suffixes are explored and their attachments to various words from various word classes from Indonesian, Javanese and other language revealed. Cross-language name construction leads to trans-language creations that play a possible role in the constitution of Indonesian nation building. The procedures moreover seem to indicate trends away from the inclination to give children Muslim names."