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"AbstractSalah satu aspek penting dari kebijakan desentralisasi skal adalah pelimpahan wewenang dan tanggungjawab pengelolaan dana publik ke pemerintah daerah, khususnya kota/kabupaten. Sesudah lebih dari sepu-luh tahun diimplementasikan, ketersediaan informasi dan data memungkinkan untuk melakukan evaluasisejauh mana dampaknya pada pembangunan ekonomi regional. Studi ini ingin mengetahui apakah kinerjapengelolaan keuangan daerah cukup efektif dalam penyediaan infrastruktur dasar dan apakah penyediaaninfrastruktur dasar secara efektif mengurangi angka kemiskinan. Dengan menggunakan metode data panel,studi ini mengonrmasi hubungan positif antara kinerja pengelolaan keuangan daerah dengan penyediaaninfrastruktur dasar (khususnya jalan dan listrik, namun tidak berlaku untuk air bersih). Adapun hubunganantara penyediaan infrastruktur dasar dengan angka kemiskinan, sesuai harapan, ternyata negatif. Temuanini memperkuat keyakinan perlunya mendorong lebih kuat lagi pembangunan infrastruktur dasar untukmengurangi angka kemiskinan."

"AbstractIndonesia has implemented a new policy of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization for almost ten years. One of the objectives of this fiscal decentralization is to give the full autonomy to local governments in spending and managing their revenues. The local governments have the authority to explore and collect their own-source revenue ('Pendapatan Asli Daerah', or PAD), i.e. through the improvement of their tax effort. The objectives of this study are: (i) to describe the fiscal performance of districts and municipalities in Indonesia, both in the revenue as well as the expenditure sides, (ii) to analyze the effects of intergovernmental transfers (?dana perimbangan', or balancing fund from the central to regional governments) on regional tax efforts, and (iii) to identify the regional economic growth elasticity of intergovernmental transfers and own-source revenue. This study employs a panel data set of 336 districts and municipalities covering the whole area of Indonesia over the time period of 2001-2008. The results show a relatively low contribution of PAD to regional revenues, indicating high fiscal dependency of regional governments on the central government. Intergovernmental transfers positively effect tax efforts. The result of the elasticity analysis also indicates a positive role of the transfers as stimuli to economic growth."

"AbstractIndonesia has implemented a new policy of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization for almost ten years. One of the objectives of this fiscal decentralization is to give the full autonomy to local governments in spending and managing their revenues. The local governments have the authority to explore and collect their own-source revenue ('Pendapatan Asli Daerah', or PAD), i.e. through the improvement of their tax effort. The objectives of this study are: (i) to describe the fiscal performance of districts and municipalities in Indonesia, both in the revenue as well as the expenditure sides, (ii) to analyze the effects of intergovernmental transfers (?dana perimbangan', or balancing fund from the central to regional governments) on regional tax efforts, and (iii) to identify the regional economic growth elasticity of intergovernmental transfers and own-source revenue. This study employs a panel data set of 336 districts and municipalities covering the whole area of Indonesia over the time period of 2001-2008. The results show a relatively low contribution of PAD to regional revenues, indicating high fiscal dependency of regional governments on the central government. Intergovernmental transfers positively effect tax efforts. The result of the elasticity analysis also indicates a positive role of the transfers as stimuli to economic growth."

"AbstractThis study investigated the severity of exploitation of working children and factors determining exploitation of working children. This study used data resulted from National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) 2011 and utilized logistic regression as the analytical tool. Based on the severity of exploitation, there are three provinces which are always of high value severity of exploitation, namely DKI Jakarta, Banten, and West Java. Education level of household is an influential factor of exploitation measured by working hours and access to education. The lower level of education of head of household, the greater chance the child to be exploited. As for the exploitation measured by wage, girls have a chance 2.357 times greater than that of boys to be for exploited measured by wages.AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat keparahan eksploitasi terhadap anak yang bekerja dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya eksploitasi. Data Sakernas 2011 dan regresi logistik digunakan sebagai alat analisis. Berdasarkan tingkat keparahan eksploitasi, terdapat tiga provinsi yang selalu tinggi nilai keparahan eksploitasinya, yaitu DKI Jakarta, Banten, dan Jawa Barat. Pendidikan kepala rumah tangga (KRT) merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap eksploitasi dari segi jam kerja dan akses pendidikan. Semakin rendah pendidikan KRT, semakin besar peluang anak untuk tereksploitasi. Sedangkan untuk eksploitasi dari segi upah, anak perempuan memiliki peluang 2,357 kali untuk tereksploitasi dari segi upah dibandingkan anak laki-laki."

"AbstractThis study aims at analyzing the dynamics of food security and the factors that influence food security in Eastern Indonesia. The methodology used is panel data tobit model of 190 districts/municipalities in the Eastern Indonesia from 2008 to 2010. Based on the classication of the food security degree, the majority of households in Eastern Indonesia are categorized as the vulnerable. Food security is affected by percentage of poor people, GRDP per capita, female illiteracy rate and average years of schooling. Based on the elasticity, education has the highest contribution in improving food security in the Eastern Indonesia.AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika ketahanan pangan, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketahanan pangan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI). Ketahanan pangan dibagi tiga pilar, yaitu ketersediaan, aksesibilitas, dan pemanfaatan pangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah model tobit dengan data panel dari 190 kabupaten/kota di KTI Tahun 2008-2010. Berdasarkan klasikasi derajat ketahanan pangan, sebagian besar rumah tangga di KTI termasuk kategori rentan terhadap kerawanan pangan. Ketahanan pangan dipengaruhi oleh persentase penduduk miskin, PDRB per kapita, angka buta huruf perempuan, dan rata-rata lama sekolah. Berdasarkan nilai elastisitas, pendidikan memiliki pengaruh terbesar terhadap ketahanan pangan di KTI."

"Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis pengaruh implemntasi sistem keuangan daerah dan aktivitas pengendalian terhadap akuntabilitas keuangan. MEtode yang dipergunakan ialah metode survey eksplanatori. MEtode analisis yang digunakan ialah analisis jalur. Hasil yang ada menunjukkan bahwa implementasi sistem keuangan daerah dan aktivitas pengendalian memberikan pengaruh simultan yang positif dan siginifikan yaitu mencapai 55,20% terhadap akuntabilitas keuangan. Hasil kedua menunjukkan bahwa implementasi sistem keuangan daerah memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan mencapai 20,05% atas akuntabilitas keuangan. Hasil yang ketiga menunjukkan implementasi aktivitas pengendalian memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan mencapai 35,15% atas akuntabilitas keuangan."

"This study tries to measure the optimum size of regional government (municipality/city) which will support the accomplishment of decentralization policy ?s objectives. The result of this study will conclude how the reformation pattern toward regional government in Indonesia should be done. The result of regressing translog and quadratic functions using cost per capita minimalization approach shows the existence of economy of scale from the size of municipality/city?s population. Using maximization approach, ¡t is also shown that Municipality/city government expenditure ¡s not efficient yet and has not supported the efforts to accomplish the desired development performance. With various regulations, the significant variable used in the measurement of optimum size is the number of population.The result of using minimization and maximization approaches show that the optimum size for municipality/city is not single (differ), between municipality and city, among each kind of per capita expenditure, and across tìme. Generally, the optimum and minimum size of population for municipality/city such that per capita expenditure can be minimized and such that Regional GDP per capita increases are approximately two million people. The reality of municipality/city?s size which in general is relatively small compared to the optimum and minimum measurement shows the inefficiency of municipality/city government expenditure, and its ineffectiveness to support the effort to enhance the welfare of society. Hence, territoty extension policy performed this far, is actually worsen the accomplishment of its main objective on conducting regional government and development."

"AbstractTujuan utama studi ini adalah menganalisis dampak transfer pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerahterhadap upaya pemungutan pajak kabupaten/kota selama periode 2005-2008. studi ini menggunakanpendekatan metode regresi untuk mendapatkan indeks upaya pemungutan pajak (local tax eort) sertametode regresi panel dalam menganalisis dampak dari transfer pemerintah pusat tersebut. Bukti empirismendukung bahwa secara umum transfer dari pemerintah pusat dalam bentuk dana perimbangan berelasipositif dengan indeks upaya pemungutan pajak lokal. Selanjutnya, analisis dengan menggunakan komponendana perimbangan menyatakan bahwa kenaikan transfer dalam bentuk block grants yaitu Dana AlokasiUmum (DAU) serta Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH) secara signikan mendorong pertumbuhan dari indeks upayapemungutan pajak lokal."

"Fiscal decentralization can create eficiency and effectiveness to promote growth and change in economic structures as well as to reduce inequalities amongst regions. This study intends to find out whether the fiscal decentralization policies during 2001-2010 contribute to the shift of economic sectors and inequality rates amongst districts/municipalities in the Province of Central Sulawesi. By using econometrics of panel data, the study found that fiscal decentralization supports a shift in the economic sector where the role of primary sector gradually decreased and the secondary and tertiary sector tend to be increased since the implementation of regional autonomy. As a result, the fiscal decentralization creates an economic change in Central Sulawesi, while at the same time, can inevitably generates higher economic inequality amongst regencies/municipalities in the region.

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Desentralisasi skal dapat menciptakan esiensi dan efektivitas untuk mendorong pertumbuhan dan perubahan struktur ekonomi, serta mengurangi ketimpangan antardaerah. Studi ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pergeseran sektor dan ketimpangan antarkabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Dengan menggunakan metode ekonometrika melalui persamaan data panel pada periode tahun 2001-2010, studi ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal dapat mendorong pergeseran sektor, di mana peranan sektor primer kecenderungannya makin menurun, sehingga berakibat pada peningkatan peranan sektor sekunder dan tersier selama pelaksanaan otonomi daerah, dengan demikian kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal dapat menciptakan perubahan struktur ekonomi di Sulawesi Tengah. Kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal mendorong terjadinya peningkatan ketimpangan antara kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Tengah selama periode studi."

"AbstractAnalysis of Growth Poles and Spatial Autocorrelation in Kalimantan: An Empirical Study of 55 Districts, 2000?2012The paper identifies which districts in Kalimantan that become the growth poles and whether there has been spatial autocorrelation in 55 districts during 2000?2012. This study also explores which economic sectors will be leading sectors. The social-economic data were collected for 55 districts using quantitative methods, in particular: typology of Regent/City, spatial autocorrelation, overlay analysis, and structural transformation. The study finds: (1) there are 4 cities as the growth pole; (2) the economics growth concentration concentrated geographically in the eastern and western; (3) the mining sector is a leading and competitive sector; and (4) structural transformation does not occur in all districts.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kabupaten/kota di Pulau Kalimantan yang akan menjadi pusat pertumbuhan dan apakah terdapat autokorelasi spasial di 55 kabupaten/kota selama periode 2000?2012. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dari data sosial ekonomi 55 kabupaten/kota menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dan alat analisis: tipologi Kabupaten/Kota, autokorelasi spasial, analisis overlay, dan transformasi struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) terdapat empat kota sebagai pusat pertumbuhan; (2) konsentrasi pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebar di bagian timur dan barat Pulau Kalimantan; (3) sektor pertambangan dan penggalian merupakan sektor unggulan dan kompetitif; dan (4) transformasi struktural tidak terjadi di seluruh kabupaten/kota."