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"It is interesting to pay attention on exchage rate phenomenon. The movement of exchange rate has fret up space for the expanded model and their new variety based on theoretical and methodological issues.We apply the zone target model to explain the exchange rate movement in Indonesia during 1989-2002 in monthly basis data. We put special attention to the expectation process of the agent by confronting adaptive and rational expectation and also internalize the risk factor into the model.We found that rational expectation fit and much more be able to explain the exchange rate movement, risk averse agent and massive outflow of capital during the crisis in Indonesia. We test the robustness of our model by applying to VAR model, and the same result is conformed. This VAR specification also support the contagion effect hypothesis during the cirisis 1998."

"As the result of global financial liberalization there is a tendency for increasing number of portfolio INVESTMENT which in turn dominates the domestic financial market. This study aims to elaborate the effect of shortterm portfolio investment flows to the exchange rate. Using the method of Vector Auto Regressive (VAR), this study employs quarterly data from 1997 to 2007.The result shows that both real and nominal exchange rates are affected by the short-term portfolio investment flows dominantly. In particular the short-term portfolio investment inflows strengthen the local currency. Secondly, in other direction short-term portfolio investment flows also affected by both real and nominal exchange rate. Thirdly, the impact of shortterm portfolio investment flows to change of nominal exchange rate is temporarily due to adjustment toward equilibrium, but not for real exchange rate."

"This study concerns about how much economic factors have impact on real exchange rate equilibrium and how much exchange rate misalignment occurs. The objective is to find the level of real exchange rate equilibrium before and during the crisis. Real exchange rate equilibrium is founded from Behavioral Equilibrium Excange Rate approach. From regression estimation we will find real exchange rate equilibrium, which will compared with actual real exchange rate. The result is real exchange rate misalignment or deviation of real exchange rate from its equilibrium level."

"There are several factors influencing the financial system stability, namely the internal and the external factors. The occurrence of stock price volatility internationally, the contagion effects and the spillover effects are some external factors that have effect on the financial system stability. This research aims to know the dynamic relationship of regional and global stocks market in international financial system, and then do the analysis of the occurrence of contagion effects and spillover effects on stock price, and see their influence on domestic economics, monetary policy and financial system stability, by GARCH-VAR model.The results of this research indicate that there are some domination of the mature financial market to regional and domestic market. Moreover, the nearby regional stock price index also have a big contribution to the movement of other regional stock price market. The impact of stock price volatility to the IDR exchange rates volatility is relatively small, but not to the price level which is significantly large. Data analysis shows that there is contagion effects in stock market, but the spillover effect from stock price volatility to exchange rates volatility does not occur."

"Terjadinya krisis di tahun 1997 memaksa bank sentral untuk melepaskan rezim nilai tukar tetap dan mengubahnya menjadi rezim nilai tukar mengambang. Perubahan tersebut menyebabkan timbulnya resiko nilai tukar di dalam perekonomian, sehingga meningkatkan resiko kegiatan usaha.Perubahan nilai tukar akan mempengaruhi kondisi neraca perbankan dan perusahaan, yang akhirnya berpengaruh pula pada keputusan pemberian kredit. Di lain pihak, perubahan kondisi neraca ditambah dengan selisih berbagai alternatif biaya pendanaan, akan berpengaruh pada keputusan pengajuan permohonan kredit perusahaan.Penelitian ini kemudian akan berusaha untuk melihat, pertama, pengaruh depresiasi nilai tukar terhadap penurunan aliran kredit; kedua, pengaruh kebijakan moneter ketat terhadap penurunan permintaan kredit dan atau peningkatan penawaran kredit; ketiga, pengaruh depresiasi nilai tukar pada efektivitas mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter melalui jalur kredit perbankan dan jalur kredit luas.Dengan dekomposisi varians dan IFF metode VAR, ditemukan bahwa, pertama, depresiasi nilai tukar menurunkan aliran kredit. Kedua, kebijakan moneter ketat direspon lebih cepat oleh penurunan permintaan kredit dibandingkan peningkatan penawaran kredit. Ketiga, perubahan nilai tukar dan kurang responsifnya penawaran kredit terhadap kebijakan moneter, menyebabkan mekanisme transmisi kebijakan moneter melalui jalur kredit perbankan tidak efektf. Keempat, dengan responsifnya permintaan kredit terhadap perubahan kebijakan moneter menyebabkan efektifnya jalur kredit luas."

"This study shows that an increase in economic funding that comes from saving fund in the banking sector doesn?t have a full impact on the slower economic growth in the subsequent period as Keynesian believes. Tests result show that a decrease in public saving in banking sector reflects an increase in the confidence of the economic agents on the future economic prospects which then drives the economic growth. This result is supported by the negative and significant relationship of economic growth and public saving in the form of individual rupiah denominated deposit (time deposits?). Using Permanent Income Hypothesis argument the result indicates that we can use individual deposit as one of the leading indicators of future economic growth based on signficant finding until 2 trimester in the future. On the other hand positive and significant relationship of economic growth and public saving which is proposed by the Keynesian only applied to rupiah denominated individual and firm demand deposit and individual saving account."

"Tulisan ini menganalisis efektivitas kebijakan moneter di Indonesia dengan rentang waktu dua dekade terakhir. Implementasi kebijakan moneter dalam berbagai literatur sering kali memunculkan pertanyaan bagaimana efektifitas kebijakan tersebut dapat dipertahankan. Dengan mengunakan pendekatan rational expectation dengan data Indonesia, studi ini menemukan bahwa tingkat inflasi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh secara signifikan oleh kebijakan moneter yang bersifat dapat diantisipasi (anticipated). Kebijakan moneter yang dapat diantisipasi (anticipated) juga berpengaruh positip signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. "

"The relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance has been scrutinized by many economists since Bretton Wood System collapsed in 1971. Although most of the results show that there is a negative relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance, we also find that some studies show a positive one. This study used some Indonesian group of commodities data to find the relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance.While General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) was used to calculate exchange rate volatility, this study used Pesharan & Shin ARDL cointegration test in order to find long run relationship between export performance and exchange rate volatility. Only 2 out of 7 equations tested show a long run relationship between exchange rate volatility an export performance and the signs are positive."

"AbstractThe stable fluctuation of Rp against the US$ during the free floating exchange rate regime in 2002-2007 raises the existence of fear of floating exchange rate phenomenon in Indonesia. The GARCH method is use to verify this phenomenon. Moreover, Time Varying Parameter and Error Correction Mechanism method shows the economic reason behind the Monetary Authoritys response in stabilizing rupiah. Depreciation and increasing volatility of Rupiah raises ination and bank Non-Performing Loans, while appreciation and increasing volatility of Rupiah, reduce the net export. Furthermore, Vector Autoregressive confirms the Monetary Authority respond to exchange rate shock through the interest rate policy for four months and through the foreign reserves policy for two months."

"Studi ini meneliti dampak Covid-19 terhadap nilai tukar (Indonesia Rupiah terhadap Dollar AS) dan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data harian kasus Covid-19, nilai tukar dan periode CSPI dari 2 Maret hingga 30 April 2020. Hasil analisis menunjukkan: (1) peningkatan 1% pada kasus Covid-19 menyebabkan depresiasi sebesar Rupiah terhadap Dollar AS sebesar 0,02%, (2) peningkatan 1% dalam kasus Covid-19, menyebabkan koreksi ke CSPI sebesar 0,03%, (3) peningkatan 1% dari CSPI mengarah ke apresiasi Rupiah terhadap Dollar AS sebesar 0,311% . Dengan demikian, Covid-19 berdampak pada depresiasi Rupiah terhadap Dollar AS, dan berdampak menurun pada CSPI, sehingga diperlukan intervensi kebijakan untuk mengendalikan penyebaran wabah Covid-19, mengendalikan kepanikan agar tidak berdampak pada Rupiah dan pasar saham melalui berbagai kebijakan stimulus."