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"Over the course of its 2,500-year history, Buddhism has found expression in countless architectural forms, from the great monastic complexes of ancient India to the fortified dzongs of Bhutan, the rock-carved temple grottoes of China, the wooden shrines of Japan, and the colorful wats of Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand. Architecture of the Buddhist World, a projected six-volume series by the noted architect and scholar Vikram Lall, represents a new multidisciplinary approach to this fascinating subject, showing how Buddhist thought and ritual have interacted with local traditions across the Asian continent to produce masterpieces of religious architecture. The first volume in the series, The Golden Lands, is devoted to Southeast Asia, home to many of the most spectacular Buddhist monuments. Following a general introduction to the early history of Buddhism and its most characteristic architectural forms (the stupa, the temple, and the monastery), Lall examines the Buddhist architecture of Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand, and Laos in turn. For each country, he provides both a historical overview and case studies of noteworthy structures. Lall's concise and accessible text is illustrated throughout with new color photography, as well as 3-D architectural renderings that make even the most complex structures easily comprehensible. The monuments that Lall considers in The Golden Lands range from the modest Bupaya stupa, constructed in Bagan, Myanmar, in the third century AD, to the vast complex of Borobudur in Central Java, the world's largest Buddhist monument; his achievement is to place them all within a single panorama of history, religion, and artistic innovation. "

"Perdagangan narkotika di Asia Tenggara merupakan salah satu ancaman keamanan regional yang mempengaruhi aspek kesehatan, ekonomi, dan politik. Kehadiran produk narkotika di Asia Tenggara berawal dari perdagangan, kemudian dikembangkan menjadi pertanian dan sampai pada produksi secara mandiri. Aktivitas perdagangan narkotika di Asia Tenggara terpusat pada kawasan Segitiga Emas yang meliputi Myanmar, Thailand, dan Laos. Meskipun perdagangan narkotika di Asia Tenggara telah berlangsung sejak abad ke-16, peraturan larangan baru hadir di akhir tahun 1870. Menandai awal mulanya dinamika narkotika sebagai masalah keamanan baik secara nasional, regional, maupun internasional. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk meninjau sejauh mana literatur hubungan internasional membahas problematika perdagangan narkotika di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Dengan melakukan peninjauan pada 29 literatur yang membahas narkotika di Asia Tenggara, ditemukan empat tema besar sebagai kerangka berpikir yaitu (1) fondasi relevan perdagangan narkotika, (2) jaringan dan distribusi narkotika di Asia Tenggara, (3) kebijakan narkotika di Asia Tenggara, dan (4) kerja sama internasional dalam perdagangan narkotika di Asia Tenggara. Berdasarkan empat tema tersebut ditemukan konsensus yaitu (1) fenomena narkotika di Asia Tenggara dilatarbelakangi kolonialisme, kapitalisme, dan konflik; (2) distribusi jaringan narkotika secara umum tersebar di Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Tiongkok; (3) kebijakan narkotika di Asia Tenggara masih bersifat koersif. Serta ditemukan perdebatan bahwa kerja sama internasional Asia Tenggara tidak merefleksikan kesepakatan internasional. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana kajian narkotika dalam hubungan internasional dibahas.

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The drug trafficking in Southeast Asia is a regional security threat that affects health, economic and political aspects. The presence of narcotics in Southeast Asia started from trade, then developed into cultivation until become drugs producer. Drug trafficking activities in Southeast Asia are concentrated in the Golden Triangle area which includes Myanmar, Thailand and Laos. Although the drug trafficking in Southeast Asia has been going on since the 16th century, drug prohibition regulations were introduced at the end of 1870. This marked the beginning of the dynamics of narcotics as a security problem nationally, regionally, and internationally. This paper aims to review the extent of the international relations literature discusses the problems of drug trafficking in the Southeast Asian region. The drug trafficking is a new phenomenon that needs to be further developed in line with the progress of international relations theory. By reviewing 29 literatures discussing drug in Southeast Asia, four major themes were found as frameworks of thought, namely (1) the relevant foundations of drug trafficking, (2) the network and distribution of drugs in Southeast Asia, (3) drug policy in Southeast Asia, and (4) ASEAN cooperation on drug trafficking in Southeast Asia. Based on these four themes, consensus was found, namely (1) the narcotics phenomenon in Southeast Asia was motivated by colonialism, capitalism, and conflict; (2) distribution of narcotics networks in general spread across Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, China; (3) drug policy in Southeast Asia is still coercive. It was also found that there was a debate that Southeast Asia's international cooperation did not reflect international agreements. This paper aims to see how far the study of narcotics in international relations is discussed."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan Indonesia, Thailand, dan Vietnam dalam dekarbonisasi di sektor tenagalistrikan. Pendekatan analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif yang didukung oleh data deskriptif dan membagikan kuesioner kepada tokoh yang ahli di sektor ketenagalistrikan. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan Vietnam merupakan negara yang paling siap dalam dekarbonisasi di sektor ketenagalistrikan dibandingkan dengan Thailand dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini hanya menganalisis terbatas pada tiga negara dan fokus pada lima kriteria saja karena keterbatasan data yang tersedia dan waktu. Kesempatan Indonesia menjadi Presidensi ASEAN pada tahun 2023 diharapkan dapat menjadi potensi bagi Indonesia dalam memimpin untuk memonitoring negara anggota ASEAN megenai bagaimana cara mengatasi hambatan-hambatan untuk dekarbonisasi di sektor ketenagalistrikan.

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This study aims to determine the readiness of Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam in decarbonization in the electricity sector. The analytical approach used is a qualitative analysis supported by descriptive data and a survey of experts in the electricity sector. The results of this study show that Vietnam is the country that is most prepared for decarbonization in the electricity sector compared to Thailand and Indonesia. This study only analyzes limited to three countries and focuses on five criteria only because of the limited data available and time. Indonesia's opportunity to become the ASEAN Presidency in 2023 is expected to be a potential for Indonesia to take the lead in monitoring ASEAN member countries on how to overcome obstacles to decarbonization in the electricity sector."