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"Conducting a literature review is an important part of a research. This step is an endeavor to prevent duplication. The author discusses three steps to conduct library research which exemplified by his own experience. First, reviewing literature pertained to research problem. Second, data collecting technique through library research. Finally, he encourages social scientists to conduct library research and write annotated bibliography of certain topic of Indonesian culture."

"Amidst the many changes in the approaches taken by anthropologists today, the author reexamines the works produced in the more humanistic tradition of anthropology. She begins with the question of whether anthropological research can be conducted with an idiographic approach. Through a discussion of Verstehen, experience and hermeneutics, and drawing from her own experiences in the field, the author argues that the methods characteristic of amore humanistic anthropology can be applied to anthropological research and remain scientifically sound."

"Amidst the many changes in the approaches taken by anthropologists today, the author re-examines the works produced in the more humanistic tradition of anthropology. She begins with the question of whether anthropological research can be conducted with an idiographic approach. Through a discussion of Verstehen, experience and hermeneutics, and drawing from her own experiences in the field, the author argues that the methods characteristic of a more humanistic anthropology can be applied to anthropological research and remain scientifically sound."

"Family and household are two concepts that have been blended into a single notion in most of the texts on kinship and social organization in the past, because, in many instances, they have interchangeably functions in many developed societies in which nuclear family type is the main reference. But, this situation is much different if we approach our developing societies-with special emphasis, urban-in terms of vastly and hardly social and economic changes. This article proposes to distinguish family and household concepts for analytical purposes. Household in its flexible form provides more promising space for dynamic anthropological research, especially in our society than the classical family concept. Selecting household as a common focus for anthropological research and analysis has both practical and theoretical justifications."

"Family and household are two concepts that have been blended into a single notion in most of the texts on kinship and social organization in the past, because, in many instances, they have interchangeably functions in many developed societies in which nuclear family type is the main reference. But, this situation is much different if we approach our developing societies-with special emphasis, urban-in terms of vastly and hardly social and economic changes. This article proposes to distinguish family and household concepts for analytical purposes. Household in its flexible form provides more promising space for dynamic anthropological research, especially in our society than the classical family concept. Selecting household as a common focus for anthropological research and analysis has both practical and theoretical justifications."

"This article discusses hoe the qualitative approach in the social sciences is applied to the study of education and educational systems. A discussion is given on how the qualitative approach differs from the quantitative approach, with an emphasis on how an understanding of the culture of the people under study becomes of a central importance in the former. Educational institutions must be studied within a wider context, allowing the researcher to identify relevant problem areas that are often deemed irrelevant by quantitative studies using deductive models. It is also noted that research conducted with the qualitative approach requires that the researcher must have sufficient theoretical and conceptual knowledge, as well as knowledge of the methods needed to collect data."

"This article had the aim to show in what way legal anthropological approach can contribute to the development of a field now know as women's studies. What will be explained is the potentiality of yielding rich and valuable data regarding women's issues when the methods developed in anthropological fieldwork are being used in research. The writer illustrate her points by describing her study, conducted in three villages in vicinity of Tarutung, North Sumatera."

"Society and culture can no longer be viewed as they have been in the past. Fundamental changes in group and cultural dynamics provide a new context with implications on how anthropological research must be done. A major change is the shift from the view of societies and cultures as bounded systems to the deterritorialization of culture. The author identifies three stages of change bearing upon agrarian cultures, i.e., market entry, market integration and market expansion. There is a new social reality wherein increasingly intensive mobility is enabled by transportation and communication, thus allowing movement across geographic and cultural boundaries. The author notes that the implications of this are manifold, i.e., a shift in the context for the production of meaning; the problem of the locus of culture; conventional methods of data collection that do not inform the anthropologist on how to handle data available from electronic media; the problem of representation and representativeness; and the matter of determining the unit of analysis in research."