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"ABSTRAKTSS Total Suspended Solid merupakan material padatan dalam perairan yang tersuspensi berupa zat organik maupun anorganik yang jika keberadaannya banyak di perairan terutama di estuari dapat mengganggu ekosistem perairan di dalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra SPOT-4 tahun 2007 dan 2011, serta SPOT-6 tahun 2016 untuk mengidentifikasi konsentrasi TSS dengan menerapkan formula algoritma TSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola spasial nilai konsentrasi TSS di Estuari Ci Mandiri pada tahun 2007, 2011 dan 2016. Faktor arus, pasang surut, debit, dan tutupan lahan mempengaruhi kondisi TSS di Estuari Ci Mandiri. Faktor oseanografi dan debit yang memiliki besaran terbesar mempengaruhi arah pola TSS, sedangkan faktor tutupan lahan mempengaruhi nilai konsentrasi dan juga pola TSS di estuari.

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ABSTRACTTotal Suspended Solid TSS is solid materal in the water which suspended as organic or anorganic substance. If the amount of TSS the estuaries to a lot, it can disrupt the aquatic ecosystem. This research used SPOT 4 Image for 2007 and 2011, also SPOT 6 for 2016 to identify the concentration of TSS through TSS algorithm. The result of this research showed there are the different pattern of concentration values of TSS at 2007, 2011 and 2016. Ocean currents, tidal, rate of flow and landcover affected the condition of TSS at Ci Mandiri Estuaries. The majority value of oceanography rsquo s factors and rate of flow affected the direction of TSS pattern, meanwhile landcover affected the concentration values and also TSS pattern at the estuaries."

"Estuari Ci Mandiri ini sangat berpotensi besar dalam menyediakan glass eel yang menjadikannya sebagai salah satu daerah penangkapan glass eel yang dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber benih utama pada kegiatan budidaya ikan sidat (Kearney, 2011). Namun pembangunan yang terjadi pada Kabupaten Sukabumi menyebabkan banyak alih fungsi lahan yang tadinya adalah lahan hutan menjadi lahan terbuka dan lahan terbangun di daerah sekitar aliran sungai. Dimana limbah dan sedimen yang dihasilkan mempengaruhi kualitas air yang salah satunya adalah salinitas dan TSS di daerah estuari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan penggunaan lahan DA Ci Mandiri dan dampaknya terhadap sebaran TSS di Estuari Ci Mandiri pada bulan basah dan bulan kering tahun 2000 – 2020, menganalisis hubungan antara nilai sebaran TSS terhadap nilai sebaran salinitas di Estuari Ci Mandiri pada bulan basah dan bulan kering tahun 2000 – 2020, serta Membuat model prediksi penggunaan lahan, TSS, serta Salinitas pada tahun 2032. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu salinitas, curah hujan, debit sungai, pasang surut air laut, arus air laut, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), dan perubahan penggunaan lahan. Data yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai salinitas dan TSS yaitu dari pengolahan data penginderaan jauh dengan citra Landsat 5, 7 ETM+, dan 8 OLI dengan algoritma Ci Mandiri untuk salinitas dan algoritma Budhiman untuk TSS. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif dan statistik dengan pendekatan spasial dan temporal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan menjadi lahan terbuka dan pertanian berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi sebaran TSS di daerah estuari. Kemudian terdapat hubungan negatif antara TSS dan salinitas, semakin tinggi nilai TSS, semakin rendah nilai salinitas di Estuari Ci Mandiri. Begitu juga sebaliknya. Maka kemungkinan untuk kedepannya nilai salinitas pada bulan kering ataupun bulan basah nantinya akan semakin rendah dan zona estuari akan semakin didominasi oleh salinitas rendah.

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The Ci Mandiri Estuary has great potential in providing glass eel which makes it one of the glass eel capture areas which is used as the main seed source in eel fish farming activities (Kearney, 2011). However, the development that took place in Sukabumi Regency caused many of the functions of land to be transformed from forest land into open land and land to be built in the area around the river. Where wastes and sediments produced affect water quality, one of which is salinity and TSS in estuary areas. This study aims to analyze changes in land use of DA Ci Mandiri and its impact on the distribution of TSS in the Ci Mandiri Estuary in the wet and dry months of 2000 - 2020, analyzing the relationship between the value of the TSS distribution on the value of salinity distribution in the Ci Mandiri Estuary in the wet month and month dry year 2000 - 2020, as well as making prediction models of land use, TSS, and Salinity in 2032. The variables used in this study are salinity, rainfall, river discharge, tides, sea water currents, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and land use change. The data used to obtain the value of salinity and TSS are from remote sensing data processing with Landsat 5, 7 ETM +, and 8 OLI images with Ci Mandiri algorithm for salinity and Budhiman algorithm for TSS. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive and statistical analysis with spatial and temporal approaches. The results showed that changes in the use of forest land into open land and agriculture affect the concentration of TSS distribution in estuarine areas. Then there is a negative relationship between TSS and salinity, the higher the TSS value, the lower the salinity value in the Ci Mandiri Estuary. Vice versa. Then the possibility for future salinity values in the dry or wet months will be lower and the estuary zone will be increasingly dominated by low salinity."

"ABSTRAKPerairan Teluk Jakarta telah mengalami degradasi ditandai dengan meningkatnya sebaran konsentrasi Total Suspended Solid TSS , ditambah dengan adanya reklamasi yang akan mengubah morfologi pesisir. Faktor yang mempengaruhi sebaran konsentrasi TSS ialah debit, arus dan pasang-surut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh reklamasi terhadap kualitas perairan dengan menganalisis pola sebaran TSS. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra Landsat 5 dan Landsat 8 OLI/TRS dalam mengidentifikasi sebaran konsentrasi TSS sebelum dan sesudah reklamasi, serta menggunakan metode Trend Surface Analysis untuk melihat kecenderungannya. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis temporal, dan analisis komparatif spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pola sebaran sebelum dan sesudah reklamasi, Debit dan Arus Laut berpengaruh besar terhadap sebaran perairan keruh pada periode sebelum reklamasi. Serta tidak terlepas juga oleh pengaruh pasang-surut sebagai variasi spasial.

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ABSTRACTThe waters of Jakarta gulf have been degraded by the increasing concentration of Total Suspended Solid TSS , coupled with the reclamation that will change coastal morphology. Factors affecting the distribution of TSS concentration are discharge, current and tidal. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of reclamation on water quality by analyzing TSS distribution pattern. This study uses Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 OLI TRS in identifying the distribution of TSS concentrations before and after reclamation, and using the Trend Surface Analysis method to see trends. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis, temporal analysis, and spatial comparative analysis. The result of the research shows that there is difference of distribution pattern before and after reclamation, water discharge and current sea affect the distribution of TSS concentration after reclamation. And also the influace of tides as spatial variation."

"[Wilayah pesisir utara Provinsi Jawa Barat rentan terhadap pencemaran yang disebabkan oleh meningkatnya konsentrasi total padatan tersuspensi dan total nitrogen Meningkatnya konsentrasi total padatan tersuspensi dan total nitrogen dapat dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan curah hujan pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh curah hujan terhadap meningkatnya nilai dan sebaran konsentrasi total padatan tersuspensi dan total nitrogen di wilayah pesisir Penelitian ini menggunakan citra MODIS dalam mengidentifikasi konsentrasi total padatan tersuspensi dan total nitrogen di wilayah pesisir Analisis komparatif spasial dengan pendekatan temporal digunakan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh curah hujan terhadap sebaran konsentrasi total padatan tersuspensi dan total nitrogen di wilayah pesisir Uji akurasi terhadap hasil citra MODIS dengan hasil lapangan dari BPLHD menggunakan uji statistik RMSE dan NOF Hasil menunjukkan curah hujan sangat berpengaruh terhadap perubahan nilai dan sebaran konsentrasi total padatan tersuspensi dan total nitrogen pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan Hasil uji akurasi RMSE dan NOF menunjukkan model algoritma yang digunakan dapat diterima dan digunakan dalam penelitian ini , North Coast of West Java Province is vulnerable to pollution which is caused by increasing concentrations of total suspended solid and total nitrogen The differences of precipitation in dry season and wet season makes concentrations of total suspended solid and total nitrogen increase The aim of this research is to know the effect of precipitation towards increasing values and distributions of total suspended solid and total nitrogen concentrations in coastal areas In this research MODIS imagery is used for identifying concentrations of total suspended solid and total nitrogen in coastal areas The comparative spatial of analysis with temporal approach is used to describe effect of precipitation toward distribution of total suspended solid and total nitrogen concentrations in coastal areas The test accuracy towards MODIS imagery results with observation results from BPLHD used test statistical RMSE and NOF The result indicates precipitation has high effect towards changing values and distribution of total suspended solids and total nitrogen in dry season and wet season The result of test accuracy RMSE and NOF indicate algorithm model that used can accepted and used is this research ]"

"A sedimentology survey was conducted during “Pelayaran Kebangsaan� research activities with a marine vessel of "Baruna Jaya VIII" in Karimun Java Sea. The objectives of the research were to determine the characteristics of marine water and its sediment, which are important control for coral reef growth in the study area. The survey acquired samples of Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) and gravity coring. Several analyses were then carried out on those samples; TSS analysis to determine the amount of suspended sediments in sea water that reflect the water quality for marine ecology, stratigraphic profile and sediment thickness pattern analyses to determine the sources of sediment, and grain-size analysis based on granulometry to determine deposition energy and grain-size distribution in the area. Those analyses were both conducted on-board Baruna Jaya VIII research vessel and P2O LIPI laboratory in Jakarta. The results showed that in Java Sea nearby Karimun Java Islands, the sediment supply came from the surrounding islands. Two sedimentary units were found in this area. The first units has thickness of tens centimeter from sea bed surface. It is characterized by grayish green color, grain size variation from clay to coarse sand, soft or low density and abundance with shells. The second unit is located beneath the first one, indicated by sharp contact. It is characterized by brownish color, higher density resembling the density of rock, less compacted and can be broken easily by hand, with occasionally thin carbon lenses or remnant of decomposed vegetation, and less shell or fossil At sea surface, TSS distribution shows value between 0.018 and 0.034 gr/l, with average of 0.025 gr/l, whereas at near bottom sea, it ranges between 0.024 and 0.030 gr/l, with average value of 0.027 gr/l. The granulometry shows that more than 50% of sediment is characterized by the abundance of grain size greater than 3 phi. It suggest that sea water around Karimun Java Islands was clear and the current was relatively calm. These conditions were relatively stable for a long time span. Those sea characteristics were important for successful growth of coral reefs and its complementary marine biotas. However, further studies and researches based on chemical and physical characteristics of sea water, and plankton and microbiology variation and abundances are necessary to confirm those presuppositions"

"Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh distribusi spasial curah hujan terhadap total suspended solid di daerah aliran Ci Lutung, Kabupaten Majalengka. Proses ekstraksi citra Himawari 8 dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui pola distribusi spasial curah hujan ketika kejadian pengambilan sampel. Data Curve Number berupa kelompok hidrologi tanah dan Penggunaan Lahan dibutuhkan untuk memberi bobot tiap-tiap sub DAS yang telah didelineasi untuk karakteristik fisik wilayah. Pola distribusi spasial curah hujan memiliki korelasi kuat dengan konsentrasi TSS yang dihasilkan melalui debit limpasan. Pola Distribusi curah hujan yang variatif di setiap kejadian pengambilan sampel turut menyumbang andil terjadinya fluktuasi nilai konsentrasi total suspended solid dan kekeruhan. Korelasi kuat terdapat pada hubungan antara TSS dengan debit aliran dengan angka koefisien determinasi r2 sebesar 0,84. Sementara korelasi sedang terdapat pada hubungan antara kekeruhan dan TSS dengan angka koefisien determinasi r2 sebesar 0,58.

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The study aims to analyze the influence of spatial distribution of rainfall on total suspended solid in Ci Lutung flow area, Majalengka regency. The process of extraction the image of Himawari 8 is needed to know the pattern of spatial distribution of rainfall when the sampling takes place. Data Curve Number in the form of hydrologic soil group and Land Use is needed to give weight of each sub basin that has been diarealized for physical characteristic of region. The spatial distribution pattern of rainfall has a strong correlation with the concentration of TSS generated through runoff discharge. Variable rainfall distribution patterns in each sampling event contributed to the fluctuation of total suspended solid and turbidity concentration. The strong correlation is in the relationship between TSS with runoff discharge with the coefficient of determination r 2 is 0.84. While the correlation in the relationship between turbidity and TSS with the coefficient of determination r2 is 0.58."

"Penelitian suspensi di kolom air dan sedimen dasar di perairan Panimbang telah dilaksanakan bulan Juni 2004 yang mewakili musim Timur. Sebaran suspensi permukaan dan dasar di sekitar perairan Muara Sungai Ciliman lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perairan sekitar Muara Sungai Cibungur. Endapan sedimen dasar umumnya lumpur dan lanau lumpuran yang menutupi dasar perairan sebelah Barat pantai Panimbang. Sedangkan kerikil, pasir lanauan dan pasir lumpuran yang berisikan foram, pecahan cangkang moluska dan koral menutupi dasar perairan sebelah Barat Daya dari lokasi penelitian. Di lokasi ini banyak di temukan bagan-bagan apung dan diasumsikan sebagai lokasi yang banyak kumpulan ikan.

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Total Suspended Solid Content And Sediment On The Bottom Surface Of Panimbang Water. The study of dynamics oceanography have been executed on June 2004 in the East season. Distribution of total suspended solid on the surface and bottom waters at the Estuary of Ciliman River is lower than Estuary of Cibungur River. Generally mud and silty mud of sediment on the bottom surface waters covered the western part of Panimbang beach. Gravel, silty sand and muddy sand with forams, fraction of mollust and corals found at the Southwest of the study area. In that area is also found many floating of Bagan Apung which is assumed as rich with fishes."

"Heavy metals in suspended sediments (SS) were investigated in the lower Chao Phraya River,Thailand, and Main particulate metals. The particulate fractions accounted mostly for 60-100% of total concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in both dry and rainy seasons. The comparison of metal contents of the sampled SS and upper continental crust (UCC) implied some anthropogenic inputs of Cr, Ni,Cu, and Zn as well as the dilution process for those metals in the rainy season in Chao Phraya River. Enrichment factor in both rivers also indicated anthropogenic effects on metal content in SS,reflecting the distinctive seasonal process in Chao Phraya River and the spatial variation withinMaxil."

"Kota Bogor merupakan salah satu daerah dengan perkembangan yang di tinggi di Jawa Barat. Kota Bogor mengalami peningkatan jumlah penduduk dari tahun ke tahun dan kemudian memberikan tekanan terhadap lingkungan yang mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan tempat tinggal. Hal ini membuat Kota Bogor mengalami perubahan tutupan lahan bervegetasi menjadi lahan terbangun. Perubahan tutupan lahan akan mempengaruhi tingkat suhu permukaan daratan akibat konversi permukaan bervegetasi ke permukaan kedap air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola perubahan suhu permukaan daratan serta keterkaitannya dengan indeks spektral MNDWI, NDBI, NDVI, dan NMDI di Kota Bogor. Perubahan suhu permukaan daratan diamati melalui data citra satelit Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS tahun 2013 dan Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS tahun 2022. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian di analisis secara spasial-temporal untuk pemantauan suhu permukaannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama tahun 2013-2022 terjadi peningkatan suhu permukaan daratan dengan pola perubahan mengikuti perubahan tutupan lahan di Kota Bogor ke arah utara yang sejalan dengan arah pembangunan Kota Bogor. Sedangkan, hubungan yang dibangun suhu permukaan daratan dengan indeks spektral bervariasi mulai dari sedang negatif pada LST-MNDWI dan LST-NDVI, kuat positif LST-NDBI, dan korelasi kuat negatif pada LST-NMDI. Sehingga penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa perubahan tutupan lahan berdampak pada peningkatan suhu secara spasial-temporal di Kota Bogor.

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Bogor City is one of the areas with high development in West Java. The city of Bogor has experienced an increase in population from year to year and then put pressure on the environment which has resulted in an increase in the need for housing. This has made Bogor City experience a change in vegetated land cover into built-up land. Changes in land cover will affect the temperature level of the land surface due to the conversion of the vegetated surface to a watertight surface. This study aims to analyze the pattern of land surface temperature changes and their association with the MNDWI, NDBI, NDVI, and NMDI spectral indices in Bogor City. Changes in land surface temperature were observed through satellite imagery data from Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS in 2013 and Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS in 2022. The data collected was then analyzed spatially-temporally to monitor surface temperature. The results of the study show that during 2013-2022 there was an increase in land surface temperature with a change pattern following changes in land cover in Bogor City to the north which is in line with the development direction of Bogor City. Meanwhile, the relationship established by land surface temperature with spectral indices varies from moderately negative at LST-MNDWI and LST-NDVI, strong positive LST-NDBI, and strong negative correlation at LST-NMDI. So the research concluded that changes in land cover had an impact on increasing spatial-temporal temperatures in the city of Bogor."

"Skripsi ini membahas pola sebaran TPT pada musim berbeda dengan menggunakan data citra Landsat 7 ETM+ akuisisi tanggal 8 September 2001 dan 22 Mei 2002 dengan menerapkan formula TPT dan kecerahan dari Lemigas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai konsentrasi TPT pada musim yang berbeda. Pada bulan September 2001 nilai konsentrasinya adalah <200 mg/l sedangkan nilai konsentrasi pada bulan Mei 2002 adalah 200 mg/l. Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh adalah arah arus dari perairan itu sendiri. Hasil penelitian yang diperkuat dengan uji statistik Pearson Product Moment menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara jarak dari muara sungai dengan nilai konsentrasi TPT. Semakin jauh dari muara sungai maka akan semakin berkurang nilai konsentrasi TPTnya.

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This paper is about the distribution pattern of TSS in seasonal time using Citra Landsat 7 ETM+ acquisition on September, 8th 2001 and May, 22th 2002 applied the formula of TPT and Brightness from Lemigas. The result showed that there is a difference value of TPT in different time. On September 2001, the value of TSS is < 200 mg/l and the value of TSS on May 2002 is 200 mg/l. One of the factor that influence the difference is the vector of current. This research is also strengthen by statistic test of Pearson Product Moment and indicate that there is a relationship between the distance from estuary and the value of TSS. The value of TSS is decreased as long as the farther distance from the estuary."