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"Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengamati preferensi posisi makan serta pemetaan pohon pakan kukang jawa Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy, 1812 di habitat aslinya, yaitu Talun Desa Cipaganti, Garut. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret- April 2017 menggunakan metode focal animal instantaneous sampling dan ad libitum dengan perolehan data lengkap dari 10 individu. Waktu total pengamatan perilaku yaitu berjumlah 5.429 poin dan selama 27.145 menit atau sekitar 452 jam. Diperoleh pula luas transek sabuk pada analisis vegetasi yaitu 80.000 m2. Selain itu diperoleh 351 titik pada pengamatan pemetaan pohon pakan. Preferensi posisi makan tertinggi hingga terendah berturut- turut yaitu terminal, canopytop,under canopy, canopy, dan canopy branch dengan nilai rerata frekuensi penggunaan sebesar 133.5, 34, 33, 33, dan 28.5. Diketahui pula jenis pohon pakan yang paling sering digunakan oleh kukang jawa yaitu pohon kaliandra Calliandra callothrysus dan preferensi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh struktur pohon, jenis pakan, kandungan nutrisi pakan, dan musim. Hasil pemetaan pohon pakan menunjukkan nilai dominansi tertinggi terdapat pada pohon kaliandra Calliandra callothrysus dengan nilai sebesar 1.45 yang persebarannya mengelompok clumped.

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Study about feeding tree preferences of javan slow loris has been conducted at Talun Cipaganti Village, Garut. This study aims to observe about feeding position preferences which javan slow loris likes most. This study was conducted on March April 2017 during 17.00 to 23.00 also between 23.00 to 05.00 using focal animal instantaneous sampling and ad libitum method use 10 individu javan slow loris. Total of observation time is 5.429 point during 27.145 minutes or around 452 hours. Also, wide of the transect is 80.000 m2.

Result shows that the highest and lowest feeding position which loris like is at terminal TE, canopytop CT, under canopy UC, canopy C, dan canopy bottom CB with average value is 133.5, 34, 33, 33, dan 28.5. Besides, we can see that feeding tree which has the highest frequency is red calliandra Calliandra callothrysus. Factors that influence preferences is tree structure, feeding item, feeding nutrition, and season."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap daerah jelajah kukang jawa Nycticebus javanicus di Talun Desa Cipaganti, Garut. Penelitian dilakukan selama 450 jam yaitu pada bulan Maret - April 2017 dari pukul 17.00--05.00 WIB. Metode focal animal instantaneoous sampling digunakan untuk mencatat seluruh perilaku dari 3 individu kukang jawa jantan dewasa dalam interval waktu 5 menit tanpa jeda. Data GPS dan data suhu lingkungan serta kelembaban udara diambil bersamaan dengan pengambilan data perilaku. Kukang jawa ditemukan pada berbagai ketinggian 1348 m di atas permukaan laut mdpl - 1518 mdpl. Luas daerah kukang jawa berkisar antara 1,90 ha - 20,35 ha. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa luasan daerah jelajah kukang jawa berbanding lurus terhadap kenaikan suhu lingkungan. Luasan daerah jelajah kukang jawa berbanding terbalik terhadap kenaikan kelembaban udara. Pola distribusi pemanfaatan area pada first shift lebih luas dibandingkan dengan pola distribusi pemanfaatan area pada second shift. Adanya tumpang tindih overlap pada daerah jelajah dua kukang jawa disebabkan karena dua kukang jawa tersebut berada dalam satu kelompok unit yang sama sehingga menempati daerah yang sama.

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Research has been conducted to know the effect of environmental factors on home range of slow loris Nycticebus javanicus E. Geoffroy, 1812 at Talun Cipaganti Village, Garut. The study was conducted for 450 hours in March 2017 April 2017 from 17 00 p.m. to 05 00 a.m. The focal animal instantaneous sampling method is used to record 3 adult male slow loris within 5 minute intervals without interlude. GPS data, ambient temperature and relative humidity data was collected at the same time with behavior observations. Pattern of utilization distribution area became wider at the first shift than at the second shift. Javan slow loris were found at different altitudes 1348 m above sea level asl - 1518 m asl. Slow loris home range is about 1.90 ha - 20.35 ha.

The results show that size of home range directly proportional with ambient temperature while size of home range inversely proportional with relative humidity. There is an overlap between two home range of slow loris which is caused by these two loris is in the same unit so they live in the same area."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengamati aktivitas travelling pada aktivitas harian N. javanicus serta respon aktivitas travelling N. javanicus terhadap faktor lingkungan yaitu, kelembaban, suhu, dan intensitas cahaya bulan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan April 2017 di Desa Cipaganti, Garut, dengan total 456 jam observasi dan 5.935 data observasi. Metode yang dilakukan adalah focal animal instantaneous sampling. Subjek penelitian berupa 16 ekor N. javanicus. Melalui pengamatan diperoleh bahwa sanya bila suhu meningkat maka aktivitas travelling N. javanicus ikut meningkat berbeda dengan kelembaban bila kelembaban meningkat maka aktivitas travelling turun, sedangkan intensitas cahaya bulan memiliki pengaruh terhadap aktivitas travelling N. javanicus namun tidak secara signifikan.

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The research has been conducted to observe the activity of travelling on daily activities of N. javanicus and the response of N. javanicus travelling activity to environmental factors that is, humidity, temperature, and moonlight intensity. The study was conducted from March to April 2017 in Cipaganti Village, Garut, with a total of 456 observation hours and 5,935 observation data. The method used is focal animal instantaneous sampling. The subjects were 16 N. javanicus. Result of observation, it is found that when the temperature increases, the travelling activity of N. javanicus also increases different from the humidity when the humidity increases, the travelling activity decreases, whereas the moonlight intensity has an correlation on N. javanicus travelling activity but not significantly."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai penggunaan habitat dan aktivitas harian kukang jawa Nycticebus javanicus di talun Desa Cipaganti Garut Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan habitat dan respon kukang jawa yang hidup di habitat modifikasi manusia. Metode kuarter Point Centered Quarter digunakan untuk mengambil data habitat dan metode focal animal instantaneous sampling digunakan untuk mengamati perilaku kukang jawa. Hasil analisis habitat menunjukkan bahwa kukang jawa dapat mempergunakan berbagai jenis habitat dengan tingkat gangguan yang bervariasi Kukang jawa secara signifikan lebih sering melakukan perilaku aktifnya pada kategori ketinggian 1 5 9 m pada bagian tengah pohon dan menggunakan substrat berukuran sedang. Penggunaan ketinggian tersebut diduga karena paling banyak terdapat konektvitas pohon. Bagian tengah pohon dengan substrat ukuran sedang diduga lebih tertutup tajuk sehingga memberikan keamanan Kukang jawa juga tercatat mampu menggunakan substrat permukaan tanah dan substrat modifikasi manusia dalam berpindah tempat.

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Research about the habitat use and behavior of javan slow lorises Nycticebus javanicus in talun Desa Cipaganti Garut Jawa Barat have been conducted. The research purpose is to assess habitat use and responds of javan slow lorises toward human dominated habitat. Point Centered Quarter PCQ method was used to record the habitat survey and the behavior was recorded using focal animal instantaneous sampling.

Habitat survey showed that the javan slow lorises able to use varied type of habitat with different level of disturbances Javan slow lorises significantly perform their active behavior in 1 5 9 m height category using middle part of the tree and medium size branches. Use of the particular height was estimated as 1 5 9 m height category have the connectivity suitability that can support lorises in travel. Whist the middle part of the tree with medium branches offered security due its dense canopy Javan slow lorises also recorded using the ground and human modified substrate for traveling when needed. "

"Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap kukang sumatra (Nycticebus coucang Boddaert, 1785) jantan di Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (YIARI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku reproduksi pasangan kukang sumatra yang ditekankan pada perilaku reproduksi jantan terhadap betina pasangannya sepanjang siklus etrus betina. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap dua kukang sumatra jantan dewasa (Onyu dan Timun) dari dua pasang kukang sumatra. Pengambilan data perilaku reproduksi kukang sumatra jantan terhadap betina pasangannya menggunakan metode all occurrences sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Penelitian dilakukan setiap hari dalam satu pekan dengan waktu pengambilan data mulai dari pukul 19.00--03.00 WIB selama 44 hari mulai dari bulan Oktober hingga November 2018. Perilaku reproduksi kukang sumatra jantan yang diteliti meliputi tiga kategori perilaku, yaitu atraktivitas (following dan whistle-calls), proseptivitas (urine-marks sniffing, genital sniffing, genital licking), dan reseptivitas (inverted embrace, mounting, copulation). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Onyu (jantan 1) dari pasangan kukang 1 hanya melakukan perilaku following (100%), sedangkan Timun (jantan 2) dari pasangan kukang 2 hampir menunjukkan semua perilaku reproduksi, kecuali perilaku kopulasi. Persentase perilaku reproduksi yang dilakukan, yaitu perilaku following (40,20%).

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Research has been carried out on male sunda slow loris (Nycticebus coucang Boddaert, 1785) at Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (YIARI), Bogor. The research aims to determine the reproductive behavior of the sunda slow lorises which are emphasized on male reproductive behavior throughout the female etrus cycle. The research was conducted on two adults male sunda slow lorises (Onyu and Timun) from two pairs of sunda slow lorises. Data on reproductive behavior of male sunda slow lorises were taken using the all occurrences sampling method and ad libitum sampling.

Data has been taken every day from 07:00 pm to 03:00 am for 44 days starting from October to November 2018. The reproductive behavior of male sunda slow lorises studied included three behavioral categories, that are attractivity (following and whistle-calls), proseptivity (urine-marks sniffing, genital sniffing, genital licking), and receptivity (inverted embrace, mounting, copulation).

The results showed that Onyu (male 1) of first pair only carried out the following behavior (100%), while Timun (male 2) of second pair showed almost all reproductive behavior, except for copulation behavior. Percentage of reproductive behavior, that are following (40.20%), whistle-calls (9.80%), urine-marks sniffing (5,88%), genital sniffing (0,98%), genital sniffing (14,71%), inverted embrace (18,63%), and mounting (9,80%)."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian pada kukang sumatera (Nycticebus coucang) di penangkaran PSSP. Tujuan dari peneltian ini adalah untuk mengamati ada atau tidaknya pengaruh tekanan lingkunan terhadap kukang yang telah hidup di penangkaran selama ±8 tahun. Subjek penelitian meliputi kandang K1: satu kukang jantan, satu kukang betina, satu anak; kandang K2: satu kukang jantan; kandang K3: satu kukang jantan dan satu kukang betina. Penelitian meliputi pengamatan aktvitas sang hari (diurnal) pada pukul 09.00-15.00 (GMT+7) dengan metode scan sampling interval 10 menit tanpa jeda selama 1.920 menit dalam satu bulan, serta pengukuran kadar hormon kortisol feses dengan metode kompetitif ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Konsentrasi kortisol didapatkan melalui konversi nilai OD terhadap kurva standar persamaan y= 1/(-2.12642 + 6.381724x2.47709) dan y= 1/(-5.0690 + 2.89654x4.099722). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas diurnal pada kukang dengan persentase rata-rata terbesar meliputi unseen 94,12% pada K1, sleeping 45,22% pada K3, dan resting pada 33,05% K2. Kadar kortisol terdeteksi berfluktuasi, kadar kortisol tertinggi adalah 0,6 ng/ml dan terendah 0,02 ng/ml.

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Research on slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) has conducted in Primate Research Center, Bogor. This research aim to examine the presence of environmental influence to Nycticebus coucang which have been living in captivity for ±8 years. Subject on three cages consist of K1: one male and one female with an infant; K2: one single male; K3: one male and one female.

Behavioural observation during the day (diurnal) had been done at 09:00-16:00 (GMT +7) through scan sampling method with 10 minutes interval without pause for 1.920 minutes for one month. Cortisol level had been measured with the competitive-ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Cortisol level obtained through conversion of OD value with standard curve y= 1/(-2.12642 + 6.381724x2.47709) and y= 1/(-5.0690 + 2.89654x4.099722).

Result of the study showed diurnal activities with highest average percentage are unseen 94,12% on K1, sleeping 45,22% on K3, and resting 33,05% on K2. Cortisol levels are fluctuating. Highest cortisol level is 0.6 ng/ml and the lowest is 0.02 ng/ml. "

"Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap perilaku stereotipe kukang jawa (Nycticebus javanicus) di kandang Pusat Rehabilitasi Satwa International Animal Rescue (IAR), Bogor. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan frekuensi perilaku stereotipe pada kukang jawa, melihat hubungan frekuensi stereotipe dengan masa rehabilitasi, jenis kelamin dan interaksi sosial antar individu sebagai informasi pendukung program rehablitasi kukang jawa di IAR. Metode focal animal sampling digunakan untuk mengamati perilaku sembilan belas individu kukang jawa pada pukul 18.00--06.00 WIB selama bulan Mei--Juli 2010. Rata-rata sembilan belas kukang jawa menghabiskan 12,27% waktu nokturnalnya untuk melakukan perilaku stereotipe. Jenis perilaku stereotipe yang ditunjukkan ialah pacing, circular pathway, weaving. Frekuensi stereotipe ditemukan memiliki korelasi dengan frekuensi perilaku sosial. Masa rehabilitasi dan jenis kelamin tidak menunjukkan korelasi dengan frekuensi stereotipe.

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Study of stereotypic behavior on captived Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) has been conducted in International Animal Rescue (IAR), Bogor. Objective of this study is to identify types and frequency of stereotypic behavior from nineteen captived javan slow loris, to examine correlation of social interaction, time of rehabilitation and sex with the frequency of stereotypic behavior as an information to support javan slow lorises rehabilitation program. Focal animal sampling method was used to observed nineteen individuals from 6 pm to 6 am during May--July 2010. Approximately 12,27% of nineteen javan slow lorises time budget?s was spent for stereotypic behavior. Social interaction show a negatif correlation with stereotypic behavior. Sex and time of rehabilitation have no correlation with stereotypic behavior. "

"Telah dilakukan penelitian pada kukang sumatra (Nycticebus coucang Boddaert, 1785) di Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (YIARI). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perilaku reproduksi N. coucang betina terhadap jantan di YIARI dengan pengamatan sepanjang siklus estrusnya. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap dua individu kukang sumatra betina dewasa (Ulul dan Lea) dengan perbedaan riwayat melahirkan. Metode penelitian yaitu All Occurrence Sampling dan Ad Libitum Sampling. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Oktober hingga November dari pukul 19.00--03.00 WIB. Perilaku reproduksi yang diamati meliputi tiga kategori yaitu atraktivitas, proseptivitas, dan reseptivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan N.coucang betina melakukan hampir seluruh perilaku yang diamati, yaitu vokalisasi (whistle call) (27%), solicit (6%), urine marking (58%), recipient genital sniffing/licking (3%), inverted embrace (1%), menolak kopulasi (5%), sedangkan perilaku menerima kopulasi (0%) tidak teramati. Selain itu terdapat perbedaan perilaku reproduksi antara Ulul dan Lea. Perilaku reproduksi Ulul lebih rendah dibandingkan Lea. Panjang periode estrus Ulul tidak diketahui, sedangkan Lea berkisar antara 10--11 hari dengan lama estrus satu hari.

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Research on sunda slow loris (Nycticebus coucang Boddaert, 1785) has been carried out at the Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (YIARI). The aim of the study was to determine the reproductive behavior of N. coucang females against males at YIARI with observations throughout the estrus cycle. The study was conducted on two adult Sumatran slow loris individuals (Ulul and Lea) with differences in delivery history. The research method was All Occurrence Sampling and Ad Libitum Sampling. The study was conducted from October to November from 7:00 to 3:00 WIB. Reproductive behavior observed include three categories, namely attractivity, proceptivity, and receptivity.

The results showed that N. coucang females carried out almost all observed behaviors, namely whistle calls (27%), solicits (6%), urine marking (58%), recipient genital sniffing/licking (3%), inverted embrace (1%), refused copulation (5%), while the behavior of receiving copulation (0%) was not observed. In addition there are differences in reproductive behavior between Ulul and Lea. Ulul reproductive behavior is lower than Lea. The length of the Ulul estrus period is unknown, while Lea ranges from 10--11 days with one day long estrus."