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"Sintesis senyawa ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak sawit maupun palmitat dapat dilakukan secara enzimatik menggunakan lipase Candida rugosa dalam pelarut n-heksana. Reaksi esterifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan variasi perbandingan mmol antara asam lemak dengan gliserol 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; dan 1:4 mmol agar produk yang terbentuk mono-digliserida. Hasil FTIR ester gliserol asam lemak menunjukkan adanya puncak serapan gugus C=O ester pada bilangan gelombang 1741 cm-1 pada ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak sawit dan 1736 cm-1 ester gliserol palmitat. Ester yang dihasilkan diuji kemampuannya sebagai emulsifier menggunakan campuran minyak dan air.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak sawit maupun palmitat dapat berperan sebagai emulsifier tipe minyak dalam air. Emulsi yang terbentuk stabil hingga 24 jam. Pada ester yang terbentuk juga dilakukan uji antimikroba menggunakan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis maupun ester gliserol palmitat tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri tehadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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Synthesis of glycerol ester hydrolized palm oil fatty acid and palmitic acid was conducted enzymatically using Candida rugosa in n hexane solvent. Esterification reaction using mmol ratio between fatty acids and glycerol were varied on 1 1 1 2 1 3 and 1 4 in order for the product to be formed mono diglyceride. glycerol ester hydrolized palm oil fatty acid and palmitic acid were characterized using FT IR. The results of FT IR analysis showed absorp tion peak that were related to the stretching of C O ester group at 1741 cm 1 for glycerol ester hydrolized palm oil fatty acid and at 1736 cm 1 for glycerol ester of palmitic acid. Esters were tested for their ability as emulsifiers using a mixture of oil and water.

The test results show that glycerol ester hydrolyzed palm oil and glycerol ester of palmitic acid can act as emulsifier type oil in water. The emulsion is stable for up to 24 hours. In the esters also performed an antimicrobial test using bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results showed that glycerol ester hydrolyzed palm oil and glycerol ester of palmitic acid showed no antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis."

"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis enzimatik ester asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak kelapa maupun asam dekanoat dengan gliserol menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan buffer fosfat 0,05 M pH 8. Dalam reaksi ini digunakan katalis lipase Candida rugosa. Minyak kelapa dihidrolisis menggunakan KOH dalam alkohol dan asam lemak hasil hidrolisis diisolasi dan digunakan untuk reaksi esterifikasi dengan gliserol. Juga dilakukan esterifikasi asam dekanoat dengan gliserol. Perbandingan mmol antara asam lemak dengan gliserol yang digunakan pada reaksi esterifikasi berturut-turut sebesar 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4. Persen konversi tertinggi yang diperoleh pada perbandingan mol 1:4 yaitu 78,5 untuk ester gliserol dekanoat dan 55,4 untuk ester hidrolisat minyak kelapa.Karakterisasi produk esterifikasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak kelapa maupun asam dekanoat telah berhasil terbentuk, yang ditandai dengan terdapatnya gugus C=O ester pada bilangan gelombang 1750-1739 cm-1. Terhadap produk ester yang dihasilkan dilakukan uji aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan metode difusi cakram.Hasil uji aktivitas antimikroba kedua sampel ester dan asam lemaknya menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antimikroba dengan diameter hambatan tertinggi sebesar 17 mm pada variasi perbandingan mol 1:4. Dilakukan pula uji emulsifier dengan mencampurkan minyak dan air dalam variasi volume tertentu. Hasil uji emulsifier menunjukkan kedua ester dapat menyatukan minyak dengan air. Kestabilan emulsi yang terbentuk lebih tinggi untuk penggunaan ester gliserol hidrolisat asam lemak minyak kelapa dibandingkan dengan ester gliserol dekanoat.

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In this research, enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid esters obtained by hydrolysis of coconut oil and decanoic acid with glycerol using n hexane solvent and phosphate buffer 0,05 M pH 8. In this reaction was used Candida rugosa lipase catalyst. Coconut oil is hydrolyzed using KOH in alcohols and the fatty acid of the hydrolysis product is isolated and used for the esterification reaction with glycerol. The esterification of decanoic acid with glycerol was also carried out. The mmol ratio between fatty acid and glycerol used in the esterification reaction was 1 1, 1 2, 1 3, and 1 4, respectively. The highest conversion percentage obtained at the mole ratio of 1 4 was 78.5 for the glycerol ester and 55.4 for the coconut oil hydrolysate ester.

The characterization of esterification product with FTIR indicates that fatty acid glycerol ester from hydrolyze of coconut oil and decanoic acid has been successfully formed, characterized by the presence of C O ester group at wave number 1750 1739 cm 1. Against the resulting ester product, antimicrobial activity was tested on the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis by disc diffusion method.

The results of the antimicrobial activity test of both ester and fatty acid samples showed the presence of antimicrobial activity with the highest resistance diameter of 17 mm in the variation of 1 4 mole ratio. There is also an emulsifier test by mixing oil and water in certain volume variations. Emulsifier test results show that both esters can unite oil with water. The higher emulsion stability is higher for the use of ester glycerol hydrolysate fatty acid coconut oil compared to the ester of glycerol decanoic."

"Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis senyawa etil ester asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak dan etil ester dan produk oksidasinya secara enzimatik menggunakan lipase Candida rugosa EC. 3.1.1.3 dalam pelarut n-heksana. Optimasi reaksi dilakukan dengan membuat variasi perbandingan mol antara asam lemak dengan etanol, yaitu 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4. Untuk etil ester asam lemak hasil hidrolisis didapatkan konversi paling tinggi pada perbandingan 1:3 sebesar 76,31 dan untuk produk oksidasinya pada perbandingan 1:2 sebesar 72.Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, etil ester asam lemak hasil hidrolisis memberikan pita serapan C=O ester pada bilangan gelombang 1731,27 cm-1 dan 1732,15 cm-1 untuk ester asam lemak hasil hidrolisis teroksidasi. Kedua jenis ester ini diuji kemampuan emulsifier dan keduanya mampu mempertahankan bentuk teremulsi kurang lebih 24 jam dengan tipe emulsi air dalam minyak w/o.Uji aktivitas antimikroba kedua ester ini memberikan hasil positif berupa adanya zona hambat pada hasil ester, asam lemak hasil hidrolisis dan asam lemak hasil hidrolisis teroksidasi terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes. Zona hambat terbesar dihasilkan oleh ester asam lemak hasil hidrolisis teroksidasi sebesar 1,7cm terhadap kedua bakteri.

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The aim of this study was to synthesis of fatty acid ethyl ester compound of hydrolyzed castor oil and its oxidation product using Candida rugosa lipase in n hexane solvent. Reaction optimization was performed by varying the mole ratio between fatty acids to ethanol, ie 1 1, 1 2, 1 3, and 1 4. For the fatty acid ethyl ester, the highest conversion percentage in the ratio of 1 3 was 76.31 and for Its oxidized produk at the ratio of 1 2 was 72.

The results of characterization using FTIR, fatty acid ethyl ester give absorption band C O ester at wave number 1731,27 cm 1 and 1732,15 cm 1 for its oxidized product. Both types of these esters tested the emulsifier 39 s ability and both were able to maintain an emulsion form approximately 24 hours with a water in oil emulsion type w o.

The antimicrobial activity test of these two esters gave positive results in the presence of inhibition zone on esters, fatty acids from hydrolysis and fatty acids from oxidized hydrolysis to growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. The largest inhibitory zone is produced by a fatty acid ester of oxidized hydrolysis of 1.7cm against both bacteria."

"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis senyawa ester sukrosa asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak kelapa maupun asam laurat secara enzimatik menggunakan lipase Candida rugosa bebas dalam pelarut n-heksana. Optimasi reaksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan variasi perbandingan mol antara sukrosa dengan asam lemak 1:0,2; 1:0,4; 1:0,6; dan 1:0,8 mol. Ester sukrosa asam lemak yang dihasilkan dikharakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR. Hasil analisis FT-IR menunjukkan adanya puncak serapan gugus C=O ester pada bilangan gelombang 1739 cm-1 pada ester sukrosa asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak kelapa dan 1733 cm-1 ester sukrosa asam laurat. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan uji antimikroba terhadap ester sukrosa asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak kelapa maupun asam laurat dengan menggunakan metode kertas cakram untuk melihat apakah ester sukrosa yang disintesis dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Mikroba uji yang digunakan adalah Erchericia coli dan Staphiloccocus aureus.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ester sukrosa asam lemak hasil hidrolisis maupun ester sukrosa laurat menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba tehadap Staphylococcus aureus. Sedangkan pengujian terhadap bakteri Eschericia coli tidak menunjukan adanya aktivitas penghambatan. Pada kedua ester sukrosa yang diuji untuk semua variasi perbandingan mol memiliki daya hambat dan memiliki potensi sebagai antimikroba. Didapatkan kondisi optimum dari pengujian uji antimikroba pada kedua ester untuk variasi mol 1:0,2 dengan hasil 12 mm untuk ester sukrosa asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak kelapa dan 13 mm untuk ester sukrosa asam laurat.

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In this research, synthesis of sucrose ester hydrolized coconut oil fatty acid and lauric acid was conducted enzymatically using Candida rugosa free lipase in n hexane solvent. The mol ratio between sucrose and fatty acids were varied for optimization on 1 0.2 1 0.4 1 0.6 and 1 0.8 moles. Sucrose esters of fatty acids were characterized using FT IR. The results of FT IR analysis showed absorption peak that were related to the stretching of C O ester group at 1739 cm 1 for sucrose ester hydrolized coconut oil fatty acid and at 1733 cm 1 for sucrose ester of lauric acid. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of sucrose ester hydrolized coconut oil fatty acid and lauric acid were tested using paper disc method to see whether synthesized sucrose esters could inhibit the growth of microbes. Microbes used are Erchericia coli and Staphiloccocus aureus.

The results showed that sucrose esters of fatty acid and ester hydrolysis of sucrose lauric show antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while the test against Escherichia coli showed no inhibitory activity. In both sucrose esters tested for all variations of mole ratios have inhibitory and has potential as an antimicrobial. Optimum conditions of antimicrobial activity test for both esters was obtained for ratio mole ester 1 0.2 with 12 mm results for the sucrose fatty acid ester hydrolysis of coconut oil and 13 mm for the sucrose ester of lauric acid."

"Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan sintesis enzimatis ester glikol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak dan ester glikol palmitat dengan bantuan lipase Candida rugosa. Esterifikasi dilakukan dengan perbandingan variasi asam lemak dengan alkohol yaitu 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4. Selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi produk esterifikasi menggunakan FTIR. Spektrum ester glikol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak menunjukkan adanya serapan gugus fungsi C=O ester, C-O-C, dan OH masing-masing pada bilangan gelombang 1732,27 cm-1; 1242,73 cm-1, dan 3412,04 cm-1. Produk ester glikol palmitat juga menunjukkan adanya serapan gugus fungsi C=O dan C-O-C masing-masing pada bilangan gelombang 1741,88 cm-1 dan 1179,54 cm-1.Uji persen konversi dilakukan untuk menentukan banyaknya asam lemak yang telah terkonversi menjadi ester. Nilai konversi tertinggi untuk sintesis ester glikol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak diperoleh pada perbandingan ratio 1:4, yaitu 84,7, sedangkan untuk ester glikol palmitat sebesar 81,9.Hasil uji emulsifier menunjukkan bahwa ester glikol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak memiliki sifat sebagai emulsifier, begitu pula terhadap ester glikol palmitat. Uji antimikroba juga telah dilakukan terhadap ester glikol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak dan ester glikol palmitat. Hasil uji antimikroba menunjukkan bahwa ester glikol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimikroba terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 12 dan 10 mm. Namun, ester glikol palmitat belum memiliki aktivitas sebagai antimikroba.

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The purpose of this study was to synthesize glycol ndash castor oil fatty acid and glycol ndash palmitic acid esters using Candida rugosa lipase as biocatalyst. The ester products was expected to have emulsifier and antimicrobial properties. Esterification was conducted by reacting fatty acid and glycol at 37 C for 18 hours. The variation of mmol ratio fatty acid to glycol used were 1 1, 1 2, 1 3, and 1 4. The ester product was characterized using FTIR and the conversion percentage was determined by titrimetric method.

Emulsifier test also performed to determine the ability of ester product as emulsifier. Antimicrobial assay were also conducted using disc diffusion method against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis. FTIR spectra for glycol ndash castor oil fatty acid and glycol ndash palmitic esters showed the absorption of C O functional groups at wave numbers 1732.27 and 1741.88 cm 1, respectively. The highest conversion percentage value for glycol ndash castor oil fatty acid and glycol ndash palmitic ester were 84.7 and 81.9, respectively.

The emulsifier test showed that both glycol ndash fatty acid ester have properties as emulsifiers. Antimicrobial assay showed that glycol ndash castor oil fatty acid ester have activity as antimicrobial against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, glycol palmitic ester has no activity as an antimicrobial agent. The glycol ndash castor oil fatty acid and glycol-palmitic esters were successfully synthesized enzymatically using Candida rugosa lipase. Both ester products have properties as emulsifiers, but only glycol castor oil fatty acid ester has potential to be an antimicrobial compound. "

"Pada penelitian ini, ester glukosa dan ester sorbitol asam lemak disintesis melalui reaksi enzimatik menggunakan katalis lipase Candida rugosa bebas dan lipase Candida rugosa yang diimobilisasi pada partikel nano Fe3O4-kitosan. Nilai persen loading imobilisasi yang diperoleh adalah 31,28 %. Aktivitas spesifik untuk reaksi hidrolisis lipase Candida rugosa bebas sebesar 45,12 U/mg, sedangkan untuk lipase terimobilisasi pada partikel nano Fe3O4-kitosan sebesar 2,02 U/mg dengan besarnya penurunan aktivitas spesifik sebesar 95,52% dan efisiensi imobilisasi sebesar 4,48%. Pelarut yang digunakan dalam reaksi esterifikasi adalah pelarut n-hexane, isoamil alkohol, isobutanol dan t-butanol. Persen konversi esterifikasi tertinggi pada sintesis ester glukosa menggunakan lipase bebas adalah 22,92% dalam pelarut isoamil alkohol. Sementara itu, persen konversi tertinggi ester glukosa yang dihasilkan dengan katalis lipase Candida rugosa terimobilisasi tertinggi adalah 14,22% dengan pelarut isoamil alkohol. Persen konversi tertinggi pada sintesis ester sorbitol menggunakan Candida rugosa bebas adalah 25,66% sedangkan dengan lipase terimobilisasi sebesar 19,76%. Kedua reaksi tersebut berlangsung dalam pelarut isoamil alkohol.

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In this study, glucose and sorbitol esters were synthesized enzimatically using free Candida rugosa lipase and immobilized Candida rugosa lipase on Fe3O4-chitosan nanoparticles. The loading percentage value obtaned in this study in immobilization of lipase was 31,28%. Free Candida rugosa lipase used in this esterification reaction has spesific activity of 45,12 U/mg. Otherwise, immobilized Candida rugosa lipase on Fe3O4-chitosan has spesific activity of 2,02 U/mg, with the decrease of its spesific activity 95,52% and immobilisation efficiency of 4,48%. Solvents used in the esterification reaction were n-hexane, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol and t-butanol. The highest conversion percentage obtained in this study on the synthesis of glucose esters using free lipase was 22,92% using isoamyl alcohol as solvent. Meanwhile,the highest convertion percentage of glucose ester using immobilized Candida rugosa lipase was 14,22%, using isoamyl alcohol. The highest conversion percentage of glucose ester synthesis using immobilized Candida rugosa lipase was 14,22%, using isoamyl alcohol as solvent. The highest conversion percentage in the sorbitol ester synthesis using free Candida rugosa was 25,66% and when using immobilized lipase was 19,76%. Both of these reactions took place in isoamyl alcohol as solvent."

"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis senyawa ester gliserol oleat serta ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak menggunakan enzim lipase Candida rugosa dalam pelarut n-heksana. Dilakukan pula optimasi reaksi melalui perbandingan mol asam lemak:gliserol, yaitu 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4. Persen konversi tertinggi diperoleh pada perbandingan mol asam lemak:gliserol 1:4 dengan nilai persen konversi 86,26 ester gliserol oleat dan 92,32 untuk ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak. Produk esterifikasi dikarakterisasi menggunakan instrumen FTIR.Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus identik C=O ester pada bilangan gelombang 1748,25 cm-1 dan 1735,37 cm-1 berturut-turut untuk ester gliserol oleat dan ester gliserol asam lemak. Kedua ester kemudian diuji emulsifier dan antimikroba untuk membuktikan adanya sifat emulsifier dan aktivitas antimikroba.Hasil dari uji emulsifier menunjukkan bahwa tipe emulsi dari kedua jenis ester tersebut adalah air dalam minyak. Uji aktivitas antimikroba menunjukkan bahwa ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis pada konsentrasi 80 w/w memiliki aktivitas inhibisi yang paling kuat terhadap Propionibacterium acne dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, sedangkan ester gliserol oleat tidak menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antimikroba terhadap kedua bakteri uji.

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In this study, synthesis of glycerol ester oleic and glycerol ester castor oil fatty acid using lipase Candida rugosa in n hexane solvent was carried out. Optimization reaction was also carried out through mol ratio variation of fatty acid glycerol, 1 1, 1 2, 1 3, and 1 4. The highest conversion percentage obtained at the mole ratio 1 4, which valued 86,26 for glycerol ester oleic and 92,32 for glycerol ester castor oil fatty acid. The esterification products were characterized by FTIR instrument.

The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of identical group of C O ester at wave number 1748,25 cm 1 and 1735,37 cm 1 for glycerol ester oleic and glycerol ester castor oil fatty acid, respectively. Both esters were then examined by emulsifier and antimicrobial test to prove the ability of emulsifying and its antibacterial activity.

The results of the emulsifier test turn that the emulsion type of both esters are oil in water. The antibacterial activity test indicate that ester glycerol castor oil fatty acid at 80 concentration w w performed strongest inhibition activity against propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus epidermidis, while glycerol ester oleic had no activity against both bacteria."

"Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis senyawa ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak sawit dan ester gliserol oleat secara enzimatik menggunakan lipase Candida rugosa EC. 3.1.1.3 dalam pelarut n-heksana. Optimasi reaksi dilakukan dengan membuat variasi perbandingan mol antara asam lemak dengan gliserol, yaitu 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4. Hasil persen konversi tertinggi diperoleh dari variasi perbandingan 1:4 sebesar 42 untuk ester gliserol asam lemak hidrolisis minyak sawit dan 58 untuk ester gliserol oleat.Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR untuk ester gliserol asam lemak hidrolisis minyak sawit dan ester gliserol oleat menunjukkan adanya puncak serapan gugus C=O ester pada bilangan gelombang 1748 cm-1. Pada ester gliserol asam lemak hidrolisis minyak sawit dan ester gliserol oleat dilakukan uji emulsifier. Tipe emulsi yang terbentuk adalah minyak dalam air o/w . Uji aktivitas antimikroba ester gliserol asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak sawit maupun ester gliserol asam oleat ternyta tidak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes.

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Synthesis of glycerol palm oil fatty acid ester and glycerol oleic acid ester were conducted enzymatically using Candida rugosa lipase EC. 3.1.1.3 in n hexane solvent. Optimization of esterification reaction was carried out by varying the mole ratio of fatty acid to glycerol 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4. The highest conversion percentage was obtained at mole ratio 1 4 with the value of 42 for glycerol palm oil fatty acid ester and 58 for glycerol oleic ester. Esterification products were characterized by FT IR.

The FT IR spectrum showed the ester bond was formed as indicated at 1748 cm 1 for the absorption peak of C O ester group. Both esters were then examined by simple emulsion test and were proved to be an emulsifier. Based on the emulsion test, it was proved that the esterification products have properties as an emulsifier for oil in water o w emulsion type. The antimicrobial activity assay showed that glycerol palm oil fatty acid ester and and glycerol oleic acid ester cannot inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes."

"[SFAEs (Sugar Fatty Acid Esters) atau ester asam lemak-gula dapat disintesis enzimatis menggunakan lipase Candida rugosa E.C.3.1.1.3 terimobilisasi pada nanopartikel Fe3O4-Kitosan antara asam lemak hidrolisat minyak sawit dan fruktosa. Nanopartikel Fe3O4-Kitosan disintesis dengan metode kopresipitasi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), dan VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer). Esterifikasi dilakukan menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi untuk pemakaian pertama dan berulang. Nilai persen loading pada lipase terimobilisasi yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 68,15%. dengan aktivitas sebesar 1,39 U/mg dan efisiensi imobilisasi sebesar 3,52%. Untuk lipase terimobilisasi pemakaian kedua didapatkan aktivitas spesifik sebesar 0,51 U/mg dengan efisiensi imobilisasi sebesar 1,28%. Reaksi esterifikasi dilakukan dalam pelarut organik yang berbeda yaitu t-butanol dan metil isobutil keton (MIBK). Persen konversi tertinggi diperoleh dengan pelarut t-butanol sebesar 28,09% dengan derajat substitusi (DS) ester 3 menggunakan lipase bebas, 21,80% dengan DS ester 2 menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi dan 16,81% dengan DS ester 2 menggunakan lipase terimobilisasi pemakaian kedua.

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Sugar Fatty Acid Esters (SFAEs) can be synthesized by an enzymatic esterification between palm oil fatty acid and fructose using immobilized Candida rugosa lipase E.C.3.1.1.3 on Fe3O4-Chitosan nanoparticles. Fe3O4-Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by using coprecipitation method and characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), and VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer). The esterification reaction was performed using immobilized lipase for first and second usage. The loading percentage value of immobilized lipase obtained in this study was 68.15% with the specific avtivity of the immobilized lipase and immobilization efficiency was 3.52%. For the second usage of immobilized lipase, the specific activity obtained was 0.51 U/mg and immobilization efficiency obtained was 1.28%. The solvents used in the esterification reaction are t-butanol and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The highest percentage conversion was obtained in t-butanol as a solvent using free lipase with the value of 28.09% and degree of substitution (DS) value of ester was 3. The conversion percentage using immobilized lipase was 21.80% and DS value of ester was 2. Last but not least, for the second usage of immo., Sugar Fatty Acid Esters (SFAEs) can be synthesized by an enzymatic esterification between palm oil fatty acid and fructose using immobilized Candida rugosa lipase E.C.3.1.1.3 on Fe3O4-Chitosan nanoparticles. Fe3O4-Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by using coprecipitation method and characterized using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), and VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer). The esterification reaction was performed using immobilized lipase for first and second usage. The loading percentage value of immobilized lipase obtained in this study was 68.15% with the specific avtivity of the immobilized lipase and immobilization efficiency was 3.52%. For the second usage of immobilized lipase, the specific activity obtained was 0.51 U/mg and immobilization efficiency obtained was 1.28%. The solvents used in the esterification reaction are t-butanol and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). The highest percentage conversion was obtained in t-butanol as a solvent using free lipase with the value of 28.09% and degree of substitution (DS) value of ester was 3. The conversion percentage using immobilized lipase was 21.80% and DS value of ester was 2. Last but not least, for the second usage of immo]"

"Ester asam lemak glukosa merupakan ester hasil sintesis asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak kelapa dengan glukosa. Ester ini dapat disintesis melalui reaksi enzimatis dengan katalis lipase Candida rugosa. Pada penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa pada esterifikasi menggunakan lipase Candida rugosa bebas berhasil mensintesis ester asam lemak karbohidrat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana. Pada penelitian ini reaksi enzimatis dilakukan menggunakan katalis terimmobilisasi pada zeolit. Optimasi immobilisasi dilakukan dengan variasi suhu immobilisasi dan rasio enzim : zeolit. Kondisi optimum yang didapatkan adalah pada suhu immobilisasi 37°C dan rasio enzim : zeolit 1:3 dengan % enzim yang terimmobilisasi sebesar 74,81 % dan aktivitasnya 0,283 U/mg, dengan efisiensi 35,27% dari aktivitas enzim bebas. Optimasi kondisi esterifikasi dilakukan dengan variasi suhu, rasio substrat , waktu inkubasi, dan berat molecular sieve dan didapatkan % konversi produk tertinggi 8,745% pada kondisi suhu 40°C, rasio asam lemak:glukosa 1:60 , waktu inkubasi 16 jam, serta berat molecular sieve 1,1 g.

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Fatty acid ester glucose is an ester synthesized from fatty acid result of hidrolized coconut oil with glucose. It can be synthesized via enzymatic reaction with lipase Candida rugosa as catalyst. Previous research has demonstrated esterification reaction using free Candida rugosa enzymes succeed to synthesize carbohydrates fatty acid ester. In the present study the enzymatic reactions was performed using immobilized enzymes in zeolite support. Optimization of immobilize enzyme was done by temperature variations and the ratio of enzyme : zeolite. The optimum conditions were obtained at a temperature of 37°C and the ratio of enzyme : zeolite 1:3 in weight percentages that makes the enzyme loading of 74,81% and specific activity 0,283 U / mg, which is the efficiency of 35,27% compared to free enzyme. Optimization of esterification conditions was performed with variations in temperature, substrate ratio, incubation time, and the weight of molecular sieve and obtained top conversion 8,745% at 40°C temperature conditions, the ratio of fatty acid: glucose 1:60, incubation time of 16 hours and the weight of a molecular sieve 1,1 g"