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"A cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Khan Kaen Regional Hospital, Thailand to investigate the relationship between protein energy and anorexia status in 100 adult hospitalized patients (50 males and 50 females), aged 20-50 years, who stayed 4-7 days in hospital. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) was diagnosed using Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 as a cut-off point and anorexia was based on the weight of leftover food; in this study leftover food containing > 213 (> 66.7%) of the energy served reflected anorexia. On admission, 30% of males were suffering from PEM and it increased to 34% on discharge while among females it was 28% both on admission and discharge. In men, 16% were suffering from anorexia on admission, which decreased to 10% on discharge while 6% of females were suffering from anorexia on admission and increased to 10% on discharge. The anorexia subjects had lower BMI and had a longer length of stay than the non-anorexic subjects (p < 0,05 in males).In conclusion, PEM of hospitalized patients occurred before admission and during hospitalization. There was a negative association between nutritional status and length of stay in hospital. PEM was found to be more prevalent in males than females and the leftover foods of males was also more than the females. The prevalence of PEM is related to leftover foods; it can be used as an estimate of anorexic status and represents an objective indicator for anorexia."

"Berat badan lahir merupakan faktor penting yang dapat memberikan dampak hingga usia dewasa. Besar 2500 gram merupakan standar berat badan lahir rendah yang masih digunakan hingga saat ini untuk mengukur risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas bayi, sementara itu bayi dengan berat badan lahir dibawah 3000 gram berkaitan dengan risiko terjadinya penyakit degeneratif di usia dewasa. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan terdapat banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi berat badan lahir, khususnya status gizi ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi ibu: berat badan prahamil, pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan, serta kadar hemoglobin ibu, dan beberapa faktor lain yaitu status bekerja ibu, usia ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, urutan kelahiran bayi, jarak kelahiran bayi, dan jenis kelamin bayi dengan berat badan lahir bayi. Penelitian bersifat kuantitatif dengan desain crossectional menggunakan data dari rekam medis RSIA Budi Kemuliaan Jakarta yang diukur pada bulan Januari 2012 yang berjumlah 118 pasien. Analisis bivariat yang digunakan adalah uji chi square dan korelasi regresi, sementara itu analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil uji chi square dan korelasi regresi menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara berat badan prahamil ibu dan pertambahan berat badan ibu selama kehamilan dengan berat badan lahir bayi. Setelah dikontrol oleh berbagai variabel, hasil uji regresi logistik ganda menyatakan bahwa berat badan prahamil ibu, pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan, usia ibu, dan urutan kehamilan merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi berat bada lahir bayi. Berat badan prahamil ibu merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap berat badan lahir bayi (OR=6,643) setelah dikontrol oleh berbagai variabel. Oleh karena itu diperlukan perhatian khusus bagi wanita yang sedang merencanakan kehamilan dengan status gizi yang kurang.

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Birth weight is important factor that could give impact until adulthood. 2500 g is a standard of low birth weight that still used to asses risk of infant mortality and morbidity, while infant with birth weight less than 3000 is related to risk of non communicable disease in adulthood. Various studies determined there are many factors that affect birth weight, especially nutritional status of mothers.

The objectives of this paper is to determine the relationship between mother nutritional status, i.e. pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, and maternal hemoglobin level in 3rd trimester and several other factors i.e. maternal work status, maternal age, maternal education level, birth order, birth interval, and infant sex with infant?s birth weight. This is quantitative researched by design cross sectional and using secondary data from medical record Budi Kemuliaan Hospital Jakarta which measured in January 2012 involved 118 respondents. Data analysis using chi square and correlation regression test and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression.

Result of chi square and correlation regression test show there is significant relationship between pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy to birth weight. After controlled by many variables, multiple logistic regression test result that pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain during pregnancy, maternal age, and birth order are factors that effecting birth weight. Pre-pregnancy weight is the major factor that affect infant?s birth weight (OR=6,643) after controlled by other variables. Therefore, it is necessary to give more attention to women who are planned conception who undernourished."

"ABSTRAKMenarche adalah haid pertama yang merupakan ciri khas kedewasaan seorang wanita, dimana fungsi sistem reproduksi dalam keadaan sehat dan tidak hamil. Umur menarche cenderung menurun jika tidak disertai dengan pemenuhan gizi yang sesuai kebutuhan dan dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan fungsi organ tubuh sehingga menyebabkan terganggunya fungsi reproduksi yang berdampak pada gangguan haid.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dengan status menarche dengan disain cross sectional yang dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan t-test. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 113 responden yang dilakukan di SDN Pancoran Mas 2 Depok pada Maret 2011.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 87% responden belum menarche dan 23% responden sudah menarche. Rata-rata usia menarche adalah 133.69 ± 7.002 bulan. Dengan usia termuda 121 bulan dan usia tertua 145 bulan. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara status gizi dengan status menarche dengan nilai p=0.007. Terdapat juga hubungan yang signifikan antara usia menarche ibu dengan status menarche responden dengan nilai p=0.001. Perlu diadakan penyuluhan dan program komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi (KIE) di sekolah tentang kesehatan reproduksi terutama menarche dan gizi pada remaja, khususnya melibatkan ibu dalam kegiatan ini.

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ABSTRACT

Menarche is the first menstruation which is a sign of maturity of a woman, in which the function of reproductive system in good health and did not pregnant. Age of menarche tends to decrease if have not accompanied by adequate intake of nutrients which could caused reproductive dysfunction and menstrual disorders.

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between nutritional status and the status of menarche with cross-sectional design and statistical analysis used was chi-square and t-test. The study have been done with 113 respondents conducted in SDN Pancoran Mas Depok 2 in March 2011.

Results showed 87% of respondents have not menarche and 23% of respondents have menarche. The average age of menarche was 133.69 ± 7.002 months. The youngest age was 121 months and the oldest age was 145 months. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between nutritional status with the status of menarche and p=0.007, there was also significant relationship between mother?s age of menarche with status of menarche and p=0,001. Need to establish a counseling and communitation, information and education (CIE) programs at school about reproductive health particularly menarche and nutritions in adolescents, especially those involving mothers in these activity."

"Di Indonesia masih ditemukan tradisi dan budaya seputar pantangan dan keharusan pasca persalinan. Salah satunya pantangan dan keharusan tentang perilaku konsumsi makanan oleh ibu nifas suku Banjar di propinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui 'hubungan antara faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi perilaku ibu berpantang makanan selama masa nifas, dan hubungan perilaku berpantang makanan selama masa nifas dengan status gizi ibu di Banjarmasin'. Jenis penelitian analitik komparatif, dengan metode cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan (p = 0,000; OR = 0,035; 95 % CI: 0,004- 0,281), tipe keluarga (p = 0,000; OR = 0,011; 95 % CI: 0,001-0,092), pengetahuan ibu (p = 0,000; OR = 0,004; 95 % CI: 0,000-0,036), pengetahuan masyarakat (p = 0,000; OR = 0,029; 95 % CI: 0,006-0,145) dan sikap masyarakat (p = 0,000; OR = 0,025; 95 % CI: 0,003-0,204) dengan perilaku ibu berpantang makanan selama masa nifas dan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara perilaku berpantang makanan selama masa nifas dengan status gizi ibu (p = 0,000; α= 0,05; OR= 46,75; 95 % CI: 9,04 - 241,7).

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In Indonesia, still found in the traditions and culture surrounding the taboo and mandatory post-delivery. One of these restrictions and the necessity of food consumption behavior by postpartum mothers tribe Banjar in South Kalimantan province. The purpose of this study to find out "the relationship between internal and external factors that affect maternal behavior during parturition food abstinence, and abstinence from food related behavior during postpartum with the nutritional status of mothers in Banjarmasin." Kind of a comparative analytical study, with cross sectional method. The results showed a significant correlation between level of education (p = 0,000; OR = 0,035; 95 % CI: 0,004 to 0,281), family type (p = 0,000; OR = 0,011; 95 % CI: 0,001 to 0,092), maternal knowledge (p = 0.000, OR = 0.004; 95% CI: 0.000 to 0.036), the knowledge society (p = 0.000, OR = 0.029; 95% CI: 0.006 to 0.145) and social attitude (p = 0.000, OR = 0.025; 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.204) with maternal behavior during the post partum abstinence from food and there were significant relations between the behavior during the post partum abstinence, food with nutritional status of mothers (p = 0.000, α= 0.05, OR = 46.75; 95% CI : 9.04 to 241.7)"

"Masalah gizi yang umum ditemui di Indonesia yaitu stunting atau kelainan berupa pertumbuhan panjang/tinggi badan anak yang lebih rendah dari standar panjang/tinggi badan anak seusianya. Pada tahun 2019, jumlah balita stunting terbanyak di Provinsi DKI Jakarta terdapat di Kota Jakarta Timur yaitu mencapai 10.485 jiwa. Kecamatan di Kota Jakarta Timur dengan jumlah balita stunting tertinggi pada tahun 2019 tepatnya terdapat di Kecamatan Jatinegara dengan total mencapai 351 balita stunting. Berdasarkan banyaknya jumlah balita stunting yang terdapat di Kecamatan Jatinegara, maka penelitian ini memfokuskan pada penelitian mengenai status gizi balita di Kecamatan Jatinegara. Permasalahan kesehatan penduduk di kota perlu segera diatasi mengingat masih maraknya perpindahan penduduk desa menuju kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang memiliki hubungan dengan status gizi balita serta (2) untuk mengetahui pola spasial dari status gizi balita di Kecamatan Jatinegara, Kota Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan unit analisis Rukun Warga (RW) dengan metode analisis secara statistik menggunakan Chi Square dan analisis spasial menggunakan Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA). Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan faktor individu yang memiliki hubungan dengan status gizi balita adalah pola makan balita, sedangkan faktor rumah tangganya adalah mata pencaharian keluarga serta dari faktor lingkungan adalah jenis hunian. Selain itu, analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa balita dengan status gizi normal memiliki pola spasial yang sama dengan balita berstatus gizi sangat pendek yaitu tersebar seragam pada Rukun Warga (RW) dengan jumlah Posyandu yang rendah, kepadatan hunian yang rendah, dan jenis hunian berupa rumah kecil. Sedangkan balita dengan status gizi yang pendek cenderung memiliki pola yang mengelompok pada Rukun Warga (RW) dengan jumlah Posyandu yang rendah, kepadatan hunian yang rendah, dan jenis hunian berupa rumah sangat kecil.

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Nutritional problems that are commonly encountered in Indonesia are stunting or abnormalities in the form of growth in length/height of children that are lower than the standard length/height of children their age. In 2019, the highest number of stunting toddlers in DKI Jakarta Province was in East Jakarta City, reaching 10.485 people. The sub-district in East Jakarta City with the highest number of stunting toddlers in 2019 is precisely in Jatinegara District with a total of 351 stunting toddlers. Based on the large number of stunting toddlers in Jatinegara District, this study focuses on research on the nutritional status of toddlers in Jatinegara District. The health problems of the population in the city need to be addressed immediately considering the widespread movement of rural residents to the city. This study aims to (1) determine what factors have a relationship with the nutritional status of toddlers and (2) to determine the spatial pattern of the nutritional status of toddlers in Jatinegara District, East Jakarta City. This study uses the unit of analysis for the Rukun Warga (RW) with statistical analysis methods using Chi Square and spatial analysis using Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA). The result of statistical analysis shows that the individual factor that has a relationship with the nutritional status of children under five is the diet of the toddler, while the household factor is the family's livelihood and from the environmental factor is the type of dwelling. In addition, spatial analysis shows that toddlers with normal nutritional status have the same spatial pattern as toddlers with very short nutritional status, namely uniformly distributed in the Rukun Warga (RW) with a low number of Posyandu, low residential density, and the type of housing in the form of small houses. Meanwhile, toddlers with short nutritional status tend to have a clustered pattern in the Rukun Warga (RW) with a low number of Posyandu, low residential density, and very small housing types."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai gambaran status gizi dan kemiskinan di Indonesia tahun 2010. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya gambaran status gizi balita, karakteristik orangtua, karakteristik keluarga dan karakteristik kemiskinan pada balita di Indonesia tahun 2010. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2010. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah tangga yang mewakili 33 povinsi di Indonesia, sedangkan sampel penelitian adalah anggota rumah tangga yang termasuk dalam rentang usia balita (0 ? 59 bulan) yang berjumlah 18.743 anak. Penelitian menemukan prevalensi gizi kurang 14,8%, balita pendek 18,2%, balita kurus 6,9%.This study discusses about the picture of nutritional status and poverty in Indonesia in 2010. The purpose of this study is to know the picture of nutritional status of children, parental characteristics, family characteristics and the characteristics of poverty on children under five in Indonesia in 2010. The design of the study is a cross-sectional using secondary data from Riskesdas 2010. This study population is all households representing 33 provinces in Indonesia, while the study sample was a member of the household who is included in the toddler age range (0-59 months), amounting to 18 743 children. The study found the prevalence of malnutrition was 14.8%, short toddler was 18.2%, skinny toddler was 6.9%."

"Status gizi seseorang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Salah satunya adalah asupan nutrien, baik makronutrien dan mikronutrien. Dalam penelitian ini, saya ingin mengetahui bagaimana tingkat status gizi dan hubungannya dengan asupan kalsium harian pada anak usia sekolah di Yayasan Kampung Kids. Penelitian ini menggunakaan desain cross sectional analitik. Data diambil pada 18 Oktober 2009 dengan jumlah repsonden sebesar 73 responden. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tingkat asupan kalsium harian pada anak usia sekolah di Yayasan Kampung Kids yang tergolong kurang sebanyak 64 responden (87,67%), normal sebanyak 8 responden (10,96%) dan tergolong lebih 1 orang (1,37%). Berdasarkan tingkat status gizi, sebanyak 35 responden (47,9%) memiliki status BB/U kurang, sebanyak 37 responden (50,7%) memiliki status BB/U baik dan sebanyak 1 responden (1,4%) memiliki status BB/U yang tergolong lebih. Sedangkan berdasarkan indikator TB/U, sebanyak 21 responden (28,8%) memiliki status TB/U kurang dan sebanyak 52 responden (71,2%) memiliki status TB/U baik. Berdasarakan BMI (BB/TB), sebanyak 27 responden (37%) memiliki status BMI kurang dan sebanyak 46 responden (63%) memiliki status BMI yang tergolong baik. Dengan menggunakan uji two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test dan uji Fisher?s Exact Test, didapatkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi berdasarkan BB/U (p=1,000), TB/U (p=1,000), dan BB/TB (p=1,000) dengan tingkat asupan kalsium harian.

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The nutritional status is influenced by many factors, such as the balanced intake of macronutrient and micronutrient. In this study, I would like to do research about the nutritional status level and its association with the calcium daily intake level at school aged children at Yayasan Kampung Kids. The design of this study was analytical cross sectional. This study was held on 18th October 2009 and involving about 73 respondent. The result showed that the number of students with low calcium daily intake level were 64 people (87,67%), with normal calcium daily intake level were 8 people (10,96%), and with high calcium daily intake level only 1 people (1,37%). According to the level of nutritional status (weight for age), children in Kampung Kids, there were 35 people (47,9%) categorized underweight, there were 37 people (50,7%) in normal range, and there was 1 people (1,4%) categorized overweight. In addition, according to the height for age status, there were 21 people (28,8%) categorized short stature but most of them ( 71,2%) were in normal range and for weight for height status (BMI), most of them also were in normal range (63%) and the less were categorized into underweight (37%). The data retrieved and then processed by using Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Fisher?s Exact Test, which gave result that weren?t have significant correlation between nutritional status indicators (weight for age, p= 1,000), height for age (p=1,000), and weight for height (p=1,000) and the calcium daily intake level among school aged children at Yayasan Kampung Kids."

"Tingkat kebugaran pada pekerja merupakan faktor penting dalam mendukung produktifitas kerja yang optimal dan terhindar dari berbagai resiko penyakit terkait gaya hidup yang sedentari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tinkat kebugaran pada pekerja. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-ssectional pada 98 karyawan yang bekerja di kantor pusat PT Wijaya Karya, Cawang, Jakarta Timur. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode simple randon sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t-independen, uji ANOVA, uji korelasi Pearson, dan uji korelasi regresi linier sederhana. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi Pearson, hubungan persen lemak tubuh dan tingkat kebugaran ditemukan bermakna dengan pola hubungan positif (p< 0.000, r= 0.38). IMT berhubungan bermakna positif hanya pada responden laki-laki (p< 0.05, r= 0.301). Aktifitas fisik (p< 0.05, r= -0.304), asupan vitamin B1 (p< 0.05, r= -0.204), dan vitamin B6 (p<0.05, r= -0.216) berhubungan bermakna dengan pola hubungan negatif terhadap kebugaran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diketahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan bermakna dengan tingkat kebugaran yaitu IMT, persen lemak tubuh, ativitas fisik, asupan vitamin B1 dan B6. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan agar kelompok pekerja/ karyawan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fisik secara rutin dan menyeimbangkan asupan zat gizi sesuai dengan anjuran konsep gizi seimbang.

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Employee's fitness is one of the urgent factor to support optimum wor productivity and avoid from sedentary lifestyle disease. This research ovjective is to investigate factors related to employess' fitness. This research designed for a crosssectional study to 98 employees in main office of PT Wijya Karya, North Jakarta, 2012. Samples taken by simple random sampling method. Statistic analysis used is tindependent, ANOA, Pearson correlation, and simoke linier regression analysis.

According to the Pearson's correlation analysis, body fat percentage significantly has positive associtation with physical fitness (p< 0.000, r= 0.38). Body mass index was significantly has postitive association with physical fitness only for males employees (p<0.05, r= 0.301). Physical acitivities (p< 0.05, r= -0.304), vitamin B1 intake (p< 0.05, r= -0.204), and vitamin B6 intake (p<0.05, r= -0.216) significantly has negative associations' with employees fitness. It is recommended for employees to improve their regular physical activities and balancing their nutrient's intake based on recommended dietary allowance."

"Status gizi lebih sudah menjadi masalah global bagi semua kategori usia, yang akan bermanifestasi menjadi suatu penyakit yang berbahaya pada saat dewasa jika dialami saat masa remaja. Di Indonesia menurut data Riskesdas 2010, prevalensi penduduk usia 13-15 tahun yang memiliki status gizi lebih sebesar 2,9 % pada laki-laki dan 2 % perempuan. Asupan serat memiliki pengaruh yang sangat penting dalam mengontrol pertambahan berat badan dan terjadinya status gizi lebih.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik siswa, karakteristik orang tua, asupan makanan (asupan serat, energi, lemak, protein, dan kebiasaan jajan), dan aktifitas fisik dengan status gizi lebih pada siswa SMPN 115 Jakarta Selatan tahun 2012.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ini merupakan siswa siswi kelas 7 dan 8 yang memenuhi kriteria sebanyak 113 responden yang dipilih dengan metode systematic random samping. Data penelitian yang didapatkan dengan cara pengukuran antropometri tinggi badan dan berat badan, kuesioner untuk karakteristik siswa, karakteristik orang tua, kebiasaan jajan, dan aktifitas fisik, serta food recall 2x24 jam untuk asupan makanan.Hasil penelitian ini sebanyak 47,8 % responden memiliki status gizi lebih dan hasil bivariat yang menggunakan uji chi square menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin, asupan energi, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, pendidikan ibu, lama tidur, dan kebiasaan berolah raga dengan status gizi lebih. Perlu diberikan edukasi kepada siswa dan pedagang makanan sekitar sekolah mengenai makanan yang harus dikonsumsi siswa sesuai dengan kebutuhannya.

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Over nutritional status in adolescent has been the global problem for all age, which will become a chronic disease in the future. Indonesia from Riskesdas 2010 had prevalence of over nutrition in adolescent, 13-15 years old, 2,9 % in male and 2 % in female. Fiber intake has a very important role for controlling weight gain and the next over nutrition.

This research objectively investigated relationship between student characteristic, parents characteristic, food intake (fiber intake, energy intake, fat intake, protein intake, and snacking habit), and physical activity with over nutritional status in junior high school student of 115 Junior High School East Jakarta 2012.

This research was a quantitative study with cross sectional study. Subjects for this research are 113 of 7th and 8th grade students who meet the criteria. They selected by systematic random sampling. Data for this research are obtained by antropometri measurement for height and weight, questionnaire for student and parents characteristic, snacking habit, and physical activity, and also food recall 2x24 hour for food intake data.

Based from the result, 47,8 % respondents had over nutritional status and from analyses data by chi square test, there were significantly relationship between gender, energy intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, mother's education, sleep duration, and exercise habits with over nutritional status. It is important giving an education for student and food seller in around the school, especially for school's canteen, about the food that supposed to be eaten for the students according their needs."