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" Fractures are a common finding in children and it is estimated that 2.1% of all children will suffer at least one fracture before the age of 16. With young children in particular, the question may arise if this is related to child abuse. The aim of this book is to help physicians involved in child abuse cases to interpret radiological findings in light of the forensic circumstances under which they occurred. The authors present up-to-date literature related to the mechanisms underlying non-accidental cases of trauma. In this book not only the radiological findings in child-abuse are discussed, but more importantly, these findings are analyzed from a forensic perspective. Careful attention is paid to evidence regarding reported trauma mechanisms and their clinical outcome; for example, can a fall from a couch result in a femoral fracture, and if not, where is the supporting evidence?"

"Penganiayaan anak merupakan masalah sosial dan masalah medis yang penting dan dapat menyebabkan kecacatan dan kematian pada anak. Angka kejadian penganiayaan anak dalam setahun diperkirakan sekitar 15 sampai 42 kasus diantara 1000 anak dan terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan. Patah tulang merupakan tanda klinis kedua terbanyak yang ditemukan setelah lesi kulit, dan sekitar sepertiga anak yang teraniaya akan mendatangi ahli bedah tulang. Kami melaporkan seorang anak laki-laki berusia 7 bulan yang diduga mengalami penganiyaan anak. Diagnosis kami didasarkan pada temuan patah tulang multiple, keterlambatan dalam mencari pertolongan medis dan perbedaan antara riwayat perjalanan penyakit dengan temuan klinis. Anak tersebut mengalami patah tulang multipel dengan proses penyembuhan yang bervariasi, termasuk patah tulang pada suprakondilar humerus kiri, radius dan ulna kiri, radius dan ulna kanan, kedua tulang femur, tibia kanan serta tibia dan fibula kiri. Pemeriksaan radiologis merupakan modalitas yang penting dalam menegakkan kemungkinan adanya penganiayaan pada anak tersebut. Anak tersebut telah mendapatkan penanganan medis, proteksi, kelompok konsultasi untuk kedua orang tua dan sedang dalam penyelidikan pihak kepolisian. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 59-65)

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Child abuse is a pervasive social and medical problem that remains a major cause of disability and death among children. The annual incidence of abuse is estimated to be 15 to 42 cases per 1,000 children and appears to be increasing. Fractures are the second most common presentation of physical abuse after skin lesions, and approximately one third of abused children will eventually be seen by an orthopedic surgeon. We report a 7-month-old boy who was suspected to be abused. Our diagnosis was based on findings of multiple fractures, delay in seeking medical treatment and discrepancy between the history of illness and the clinical findings. He sustained multiple fractures in variety of healing, namely fractures on left supracondylar humeri, left radius and ulna, right radius and ulna, both femora, right tibia, and left tibia and fibula. Radiological examination was an important modality in revealing the possibility of abuse on this child. He had received medical treatment, protection, consultation team for the parents and an underway police investigation. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 59-65)."

"This updated edition of the leading text on the imaging of child abuse and its imitators combines radiographic images with pathologic correlates of injury through abuse. Presented in full color for the first time, it contains many new photomicrographs and clinical images of bone scintigraphy, CT and sonography. Presenting radiologic findings in clinical, biomechanical and medicolegal contexts, a wealth of new material relating to extremity, thoracic and intracranial injuries is included. Chapters on extra-axial collections, parenchymal, visceral and miscellaneous injuries and MRI physics have been revised and expanded, while new chapters cover disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and an extended discussion of skeletal injury. Complete with technical discussions explaining the physical principles and instrumentation of imaging equipment, this is essential reading for radiologists, pediatricians, forensic pathologists and emergency room physicians. Additionally, it will be of interest to a wide array of legal professionals"

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana penerapan intervensi Resource Development and Installation (RDI) dalam menurunkan gejala-gejala developmental trauma pada R, seorang anak laki-laki berusia 11 tahun yang mengalami kekerasan seksual oleh saudara kandungnya. Tujuan dari intervensi RDI adalah mengurangi gejala-gejala trauma R dengan cara membangkitkan resource yang dimilikinya dan mengubah kognisi negatif menjadi lebih positif sehingga menurunkan tingkat ketergangguan R terhadap pengalaman traumatisnya. Intervensi RDI dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik Point of Power, Pendulation Exercise, dan Absorption. Teknik Point of Power digunakan untuk membangkitkan sumber daya positif yang dimiliki anak. Pada teknik Pendulation Exercise, anak dihadapkan dengan materi mengganggu berupa ekspresi gambar dan dilatih untuk memindahkan fokus dari kondisi tidak menyenangkan ke kondisi tenang. Pada teknik Absorption, anak memproses ingatan menganggu dan membangkitkan resource untuk menghadapi situasi tersebut.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan penerapan RDI dapat menurunkan gejala developmental trauma pada anak yang mengalami kekerasan seksual yang terukur dari penurunan gejala developmental trauma dan tingkat ketergangguan terhadap pengalaman traumatis. Hasil tersebut juga menunjukkan bahwa RDI dapat memfasilitasi terjadinya Adaptive Information Processing pada anak dengan developmental trauma. Setelah intervensi, R mampu menenangkan dirinya, tidak lagi menghindari situasi keluarga, dan memusatkan perhatian di sekolah.

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This study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of Resource Development and Installation (RDI) to reduce symptoms of developmental trauma on R, a 11-year-old boy who experienced sibling sexual abuse. The goal of RDI intervention is to reduce symptoms of developmental trauma by activating the child‟s resources in order to change the negative cognition become more positive so the distress level of traumatic experience will be decreased. RDI performed by using Point of Power, Pendulation Exercise and Absorption Techniques. Point of Power Technique is used to activate positive resources owned by the child. Through Exercise Pendulation technique, the child is confronted with disturbing material in the form of images and learn to shift focus from unpleasant state to calming state. Then, Absorption technique is used to process disturbing memories and activate positive resources of the child and acquire new positive coping strategy to deal with possible traumatic situation in the future.

Results of this study suggest that RDI intervention effectively decreased symptoms of developmental trauma on a child with history of sexual abuse. The decrease in developmental trauma symptoms and subjective unit of distress of traumatic memory confirmed that RDI can facilitate the adaptive information processing in children with developmental trauma. After the intervention, R becomes calmer, more open to family, and also shows improvement in concentration and behaviors."

"Adolescent and child sexuality is studied by developmental psychologists from a research perspective and is of interest to forensic psychologists dealing with abuse and custody issues as well as rape cases. In many cases, it is of interest whether the child in question was sexually active to understand the extent to which an underage minor might have voluntarily participated in sexual activity as opposed to having been coerced. Previously, researchers interested in the applications of their research needed to look to separate books, and forensic specialists needed to look to development books to find the information they may have needed."