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"Latar Belakang: Pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) adalah metode pembelajaran baru yang digunakan saat ini, dimana pembelajaran mengenai gigi tiruan cekat (GTC) juga dipelajari dengan metode ini pada tahap akademik. Mahasiswa yang saat tahap akademik memiliki hasil pembelajaran yang baik, tidak menjamin akan memiliki performa yang baik pula pada tahap profesi. Penyebab akan hal tersebut berhubungan dengan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan. Meski pada banyak studi, metode PBM terbukti memiliki dampak yang baik bagi peserta didik, namun efektivitas PBM juga masih diperdebatkan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penilaian terhadap efektivitas metode PBM mengenai perawatan GTC. Tujuan: Mengetahui distribusi frekuensi efektivitas metode PBM mengenai perawatan GTC oleh mahasiswa profesi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia (FKG UI) Metode: Studi deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian merupakan mahasiswa profesi FKG UI yang telah menyelesaikan ketiga perawatan GTC hingga salah satu perawatan tersebut mencapai tahap kontrol. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui Google Form, dengan pilihan jawaban pada kuesioner menggunakan skala Likert. Hasil: Distribusi frekuensi efektivitas pembelajaran untuk komponen pertanyaan sebesar 76%, komponen kedua sebesar 74%, dan komponen ketiga sebesar 75.3%. Kesimpulan: Dari data yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas PBM mengenai perawatan GTC cukup efektif. Persentase efektivitas pembelajaran tertinggi terdapat pada komponen pertanyaan pertama, yaitu mengenai diagnosis dan rencana perawatan GTC; sedangkan komponen dengan persentase terendah terdapat pada komponen kedua, yaitu mengenai penatalaksanaan perawatan GTC.

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Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) is a recent learning method, which fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) is also learned using that methods in preclinical program. Students who perform well in preclinical program does not guarantee will perform well in clinical program too. It is related to the type of learning methods in the dental school. Although PBL methods have proven to give good impacts on dental students, but in some studies the effectivity of that methods is still debated. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the effectiveness of PBL methods in FDP learning. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the frequency distribution of the effectivity of PBL methods in FDP learning process among the clinical students in FKG UI. Methods: A descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The samples of this study are the clinical students of FKG UI who have completed their fixed prosthodontics requirements, until one of those requirements reaches the control phase. The data were collected through Google Form, with each items of the questionnaire rated on a Likert scale. Results: The frequency distribution of the effectiveness of PBL methods for the first component was 76%, the second component was 74%, and the third component was 75.3%. Conclusion: The findings of this study shows that the effectiveness of PBL methods about FDP learning process is quite effective. The highest percentage of the effectiveness of PBL methods is in the first question component, which is about diagnosis and treatment planning; while the component with the lowest percentage is the second component, which is about technical skills on execution of treatment."

"Includes step-by-step illustrations and demonstrations of pre-clinical exercises to be learned and performed by dental students; provides a concise review on the instruments, dental materials, and techniques used during various preclinical exercises; and contains more than 1,100 high-quality colour illustrations on important pre-clinical exercises."

"Sebagian besar implan sendi lutut komersial yang tersedia saat ini tidak dirancang untuk mencapai rentang gerak lebih dari 120°. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengembangan implan sendi lutut dengan rentang gerak tinggi (High Flexion Prosthesis). Pengembangan produk implan sendi lutut diawali dengan melakukan reverse engineering. Analisa elemen hingga digunakan untuk menganalisa tegangan kontak dan luas kontak area yang dihasilkan khususnya analisa pada rentang gerak tinggi. Simulator gerak lutut dirancang untuk memvalidasi hasil simulasi agar memperoleh data yang valid. Simulator gerak lutut dirancang mengikuti standar, dibuat dengan spesifikasi enam derajat kebebasan. Dari hasil modifikasi desain didapatkan maksimal rentang gerak sebesar 159°. Dari hasil simulasi ASTM F3161, tegangan di permukaan femur kondyle rata-rata sebesar 0.034 MPa, lebih baik dari hasil simulasi produk benchmark yang nilai rata-ratanya sebesar 0.0413 MPa. Dari hasil simulasi ISO 14243 pada rentang gerak diatas 120°, luas kontak area antara komponen sisipan tibia dan komponen femur masih terukur khususnya di bagian post sisipan tibia. Ini mengindikasikan bahwa modifikasi desain yang telah dilakukan telah berhasil meningkatkan luas kontak area. Dengan hasil ini didapat kesimpulan bahwa untuk modifikasi desain sendi lutut dapat mengakomodir rentang gerak tinggi, mengurangi potensi keausan komponen dan dari hasil ekperimen tidak ditemukan potensi terjadinya subluxstation dan dislocation

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Most commercial knee joint implants available today are not designed to achieve a range of motion greater than 120°. So this study aims to develop a knee joint implant with a high range of motion (High Flexion Prosthesis). Knee joint implant product development begins with reverse engineering. Finite element analysis is used to analyze the contact stress and the resulting contact area, especially analysis at high ranges of motion. The knee motion simulator is designed to validate the simulation results in order to obtain valid data. The knee motion simulator is designed according to standards, manufactured to a specification of six degrees of freedom. From the results of design modifications, the maximum range of motion is 159°. From the simulation results of ASTM F3161, the average surface tension of the femur condyle is 0.034 MPa, which is better than the simulation results of the benchmark product, which has an average value of 0.0413 MPa. From the ISO 14243 simulation results at a range of motion above 120°, the contact area between the tibial insertion component and the femur component is still measurable, especially in the post tibia insertion section. This indicates that the design modifications that have been made have succeeded in increasing the contact area. With these results, it can be concluded that modifications to the design of the knee joint can accommodate a high range of motion, reduce the potential for wear and tear of components and experimental results do not find the potential for subluxstation and dislocation."

"Drs. Buechel, an orthopaedic surgeon, and Pappas, a professor of Mechanical Engineering, are the designers of several successful joint replacement systems. The most well-known of these is the pioneering LCS knee replacement. They have written this book for the users and designers of joint replacements. It is an attempt to convey to the reader the knowledge accumulated by the authors during their thirty five year effort on the development of replacement devices for the lower limb for the purpose of aiding the reader in their design and evaluation of joint replacement devices.The early chapters describe the engineering, scientific and medical principles needed for replacement joint evaluation. One must understand the nature and performance of the materials involved and their characteristics in vivo, i.e. the response of the body to implant materials. It is also essential to understand the response of the implants to applied loading and motion, particularly in the hostile physiological environment. A chapter describes the design methodology now required for joint replacement in the USA and EU countries. The remaining chapters provide a history of joint replacement, an evaluation of earlier and current devices and description of the design rationale for some of the authors devices with which the authors are, of course, quite familiar."

"Latar Belakang: Kemampuan mastikasi telah dipelajari secara luas dalam dekade terakhir. Kemampuan mastikasi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah gigi dan oklusi, area kontak pada oklusal, kehilangan gigi dan restorasi pada gigi posterior, laju alir saliva, serta penurunan fungsi motorik oral seiring dengan proses penuaan. Rehabilitasi prostodontik dengan gigi tiruan cekat maupun gigi tiruan lepasan berfungsi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mastikasi pada individu dengan kehilangan gigi sebagian maupun menyeluruh. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kemampuan mastikasi dengan usia, jenis kelamin, OHI-S, DMF-T, pemakaian gigi tiruan, dan kondisi gigi tiruan. Metode: 152 subjek 60 laki-laki dan 92 perempuan berusia 17 tahun ke atas rerata SD = 33,4 13,1 tahun berpartisipasi dalam uji kemampuan mastikasi menggunakan color-changeable chewing gum. Uji statistik Chi-Square digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kemampuan mastikasi dengan usia, jenis kelamin, OHI-S, DMF-T, pemakaian gigi tiruan dan kondisi gigi tiruan. Hasil: Usia p=0,001, kehilangan gigi p=0,001, dan pemakaian gigi tiruan p=0,011 berhubungan dengan kemampuan mastikasi. Namun, jenis kelamin, decay, fililing, OHI-S, dan kondisi gigi tiruan tidak menunjukan hubungan bermakna secara statistik p>0,05. Berdasarkan uji Post Hoc Bonferroni correction didapatkan perbedaan pada kelompok usia ge;46 dengan kemampuan mastikasi buruk p=0,0009, kelompok usia ge;46 dengan kemampuan mastikasi baik p=0,0017, kelompok kehilangan 9-32 gigi dengan kemampuan mastikasi buruk p=0,0027. Kelompok tidak ada kehilangan gigi dengan kemampuan mastikasi buruk memiliki hubungan bermakna baik dilihat dari kehilangan gigi p=0,0019 maupun dari pemakaian gigi tiruan p=0,0027. Kesimpulan: Usia, kehilangan gigi, dan pemakaian gigi tiruan berhubungan dengan kemampuan mastikasi.

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Background: Masticatory performance has been studied extensively in the last decades. Age, gender, the number of teeth in occlusion, occlusal contact area, salivary flow, and neuro physiological deficits influence the masticatory process. The replacement of missing teeth with dental prostheses, either fixed or removable, are often used to achieve an acceptable level of masticatory performance.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between masticatory performance and age, gender, DMF T score, OHI S, dental prostheses use, and prostheses condition in an adult population.

Method: 152 individuals 60 male and 92 female aged 17 years and older mean SD 33.4 13.1 years were included in the study. Masticatory performance was evaluated using color changeable chewing gum. The X2 test was used to determine the association between masticatory performance and age, gender, DMF T score, OHI S, dental prostheses use and prostheses condition.

Result: Age p 0.001, missing teeth p 0.001, and prostheses use p 0.011 had significant relationship with masticatory performance. However, relation with gender, decay, filling, OHI S, and prostheses condition were not statistically significant p 0,05. Based on the Post Hoc Bonferroni correction test, the differences were found in the age group ge 46 with poor mastication performance p 0.0009, age group ge 46 with good mastication performance p 0.0017, missing 9 32 teeth group with poor mastication performance p 0.0027. No missing teeth group with poor mastication performance had a significant association with missing teeth p 0.0019 and use of prostheses p 0.0027.

Conclusion: Age, missing teeth, and prostheses are strongly associated with masticatory performance. "

"Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk desain prosthesis khusus pada kasus pasien yang terkena chordoma bagian tulang belakang lumbar 4, lumbar 5 dan tulang ekor. Chordoma merupakan salah satu golongan jenis kanker ganas dan langka, yang biasa ditemukan pada tulang belakang atau tulang tengkorak. Sebagai metode pengobatannya jika kanker belum menyebar keluar tulang, prosedur pengangkatan tulang yang terinfeksi dilakukan dan digantikan dengan sebuah tulang buatan (prosthesis). Metode perancangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan CT Scan data pasien, yang diolah menjadi model 3D dengan software Materialise Mimics, rekayasa 3D model dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan software Solidworks dan simulasi dengan ANSYS. Proses perancangan dilakukan dengan beberapa macam variasi desain, diantaranya model implan tulang dengan solid dan shell model yang terbagi menjadi beberapa komponen, penggunaan iliac screw lateral connector, modifikasi iliac screw locking head dan modifikasi iliac screw locking head dengan cross connector. Dari hasil analisa perhitungan dan simulasi konsep terbaik yang terpilih yaitu dengan nilai Peak von Mises Stress dominan terendah pada bagian iliac screw diantara jenis desain yang lain adalah desain dengan menggunakan locking head iliac screw yang menggunakan implan shell model lattice structure.

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This study focused on the design of specific prosthesis in the case of patients affected by chordoma of the lumbar 4, lumbar 5 and coccyx of the spine. Chordoma is a group of types of malignant and rare cancers, commonly found in the spine or skull bones. As a method of treatment, if the cancer has not spread beyond the bone, the removal procedure is carried out and replaced with an artificial bone (prosthesis). The design method is carried out using CT Scan of patient data, which is processed into a 3D model with Materialise Mimics software, 3D model engineering is continued using Solidworks software and simulation with ANSYS. The design process is carried out with several kinds of design variations, including the bone implant model with a solid and shell model which is divided into several components, the use of iliac screw lateral connector, modification of iliac screw locking head and modification of iliac screw locking head with cross connector. From the analysis results of calculation and simulation the best concept chosen is the Peak von Mises Stress value which is the lowest dominant in the iliac screw section among other types of designs is the design using the iliac screw locking head with implant shell model lattice structure."

"Penggunaan prosthesis Modular menjadi salah satu solusi terbaik untuk mengobati kanker tulang meskipun mengalami amputasi. Studi ini mengembangkan modular femur MegaProsthesis Distal baru dengan memberikan beberapa modifikasi pada geometri dan juga beberapa fitur. Oleh karena itu, model baru ini dirancang dan disimulasikan dengan menganalisis analisis stres. Simulasi menggunakan konsep perhitungan beban internal untuk mewakili kekuatan yang terjadi dalam model selama berjalan, ada 3 jenis arah beban internal; Distal-Proksimal, Frontal-Dorsal, Lateral-Medial. Desain ini juga diuji oleh momen internal yang terjadi, momen disimulasikan pada desain berdasarkan bagian femur distal dan tibia proksimal ketika mereka memiliki gerakan rotasi, terutama di sendi. Momen disimulasikan dalam 3 sumbu desain yaitu X, Y, Z axis. Setiap sumbu mewakili arah rotasi untuk menghitung momen atau puntir desain jika dimuat dengan beberapa puntir dari gerakan rotasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tegangan von mises tertinggi dihitung jauh di bawah tegangan leleh material, sehingga penelitian ini berhasil dirancang dan aman untuk digunakan.

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The use of Modular prosthesis become one of the best solutions to treat bone cancer despite amputation. This study developed a new modular Mega Prosthesis Distal femur by giving some modifications to the geometry and also so me features. Therefore, this new model was designed and simulated by analyzing stress analysis. The simulation using the internal loads' calculation concept to represent the forces that happened in the model during walking, there were 3 types of internal loads direction; Distal-Proximal, Frontal-Dorsal, Lateral-Medial. This design also tested by an internal moment that happened, moment simulated on the design based on part of the distal femur and proximal tibia when they have rotation movement, especially in the joint. Moment simulated in 3 axes of the design which are X, Y Z axis. Each axis represents the direction of the rotation to calculate the moment or torsion of the design if it loaded with some torsion from rotation movement. The result showed that the highest von mises stress calculated far below the yield stress of the material, so this study was successfully designed and safe to use."