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"A series of alkaloids isolated from the roots of N. orientalis is investigated for the inhibitory activities on in vitro agonists induced human platelet aggregation. Human platelet samples were obtained to investigate the anti-platelet activity by high throughput 96-well microtiter plate format. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), thrombin and thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6) were used as agonists for in vitro human platelet aggregation. All alkaloids were inactive in the AA induced platelet aggregation. Compound 2 was the only alkaloid to inhibit ADP induced platelet aggregation with the IC50 value of 27.01 ± 7.67 pM and was more potent than the standard drug, ibuprofen (p < 0.05). The compounds 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 were more potent than the standard drug to inhibit thrombin induced platelet aggregation with the IC50 values of 3.05 ± 0.22,4.41 ± 0.47,7.50 ± 0.22,45.69 ± 1.74 and 4.89 ±0.13 pM (p < 0.05), respectively. None of the potent alkaloids in thrombin- mediated platelet aggregation exhibited the inhibitory effect in TRAP-6 induced platelet aggregation. Compound 2 could inhibit platelet aggregation through the interference of platelet purinergic receptors (P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors). Moreover, compounds 1, 3,4, 5 and 7 could have inhibitory effects on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation through the proteolytic inhibition without the interferences of ligand-receptor interaction."

"Akhir-akhir ini dunia dihebohkan dengan merebaknya wabah penyakit COVID19 yang menyerang seluruh dunia. Virus SARS-CoV-2 menyebabkan penyakit COVID19. Saat ini, 600 juta orang telah terjangkit penyakit ini di seluruh dunia, dengan 6 juta kasus menyebabkan kematian. Bagian dari virus yang disebut spike (S) glycoprotein berperan dalam perlekatan, fusi, dan masuknya virus ke dalam sel inang. Penghambatan proses ini bisa menjadi salah satu cara pengobatan COVID-19. Pada penelitian ini, senyawa alkaloid alami telah digunakan sebagai dasar dalam perancangan obat COVID19 dengan melihat interaksinya dengan glikoprotein S target multivariat SARS-CoV-2 dengan metode simulasi Molecular Docking dengan varian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah varian Alpha, Beta, Delta, dan Omicron. Tidak ada senyawa alkaloid alami yang dapat berinteraksi dengan keempat varian tersebut berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh. Namun, telah ditemukan bahwa beberapa senyawa alkaloid alami dapat berinteraksi dengan glikoprotein S lebih dari satu varian, seperti senyawa axelopran sulfat dapat berinteraksi dengan baik dengan Glikoprotein S dalam varian alfa dan beta, dengan nilai pengikatan energi masing-masing sebesar -6,4049 kkal/mol dan -6,5135 kkal/mol. Sebaliknya, benztropine dapat berinteraksi dengan baik dengan varian delta dan omicron dengan nilai energi binding masing-masing sebesar -6,6719 kkal/mol dan -8,9244 kkal/mol.

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Recently, the world has been shocked by the spread of the COVID-19 disease outbreak that has attacked throughout the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes the COVID-19 disease. Currently, 600 million people have contracted this disease worldwide, with 6 million cases causing death. A part of the virus called the spike (S) glycoprotein plays a role in viruses' attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells. Inhibition of this process can be one way of treating COVID-19. In this study, natural alkaloid compounds have been used as a basis in the design of COVID-19 drugs by looking at their interaction with the S glycoprotein target of multivariate SARS-CoV-2 with the Molecular Docking simulation method with variants used in this study are the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. No natural alkaloid compounds can interact with the four variants based on the result obtained. However, it has been found that some natural alkaloid compounds can interact with S glycoprotein in more than one variant, such as axelopran sulfate compound can interact well with the S Glycoprotein in alpha and beta variants, with the energy binding values of -6.4049 kcal/mol and -6.5135 kcal/mol, respectively. In contrast, benztropine can interact well with delta and omicron variants with the energy binding values of -6.6719 kcal/mol and -8.9244 kcal/mol, respectively."

"Tampoi merupakan buah langka yang diketahui memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada daging buah dan kulit buahnya. Alkaloid sebagai salah satu senyawa aktif yang terdapat pada kulit buah tampoi dipercaya dapat bermanfaat sebagai agen antibakteri. Dalam memperoleh alkaloid dapat dilakukan dengan proses ekstraksi maserasi dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi operasi rasio massa bahan dengan pelarut (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20) untuk menghasilkan rendemen dan kadar total alkaloid yang tinggi. Proses maserasi menggunakan rasio massa bahan dengan pelarut 1:15 (b/v) menghasilkan rendemen dan kadar total alkaloid tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 16,051% dan 147,174 mg CE/g ekstrak kulit buah tampoi. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dari hasil optimasi diuji lebih lanjut untuk menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil ekstrak optimasi tersebut memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang menghasilkan zona hambat pada bakteri E. coli sebesar 3,938 mm dengan kategori lemah dan pada bakteri S. aureus sebesar 14,350 mm dengan kategori kuat. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah tampoi memiliki daya hambat antibakteri paling tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus.

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Tampoi is a rare fruit that is known to contain secondary metabolites in the flesh and skin of the fruit. Alkaloids as one of the active compounds found in tampoi fruit skin are believed to be useful as antibacterial agents. In obtaining alkaloids, it can be done by maceration extraction process by considering the operating conditions of the mass ratio of the material to the solvent (1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20) to produce high yields and total alkaloid content. The maceration process using a mass ratio of 1:15 (w/v) resulted in the highest yield and total alkaloid content of 16.051% and 147.174 mg CE/g of tampoi fruit peel extract, respectively. The extract obtained from the optimization results was further tested to show the presence of antibacterial activity using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results of the optimization extract have antibacterial activity which produces an inhibition zone on E. coli bacteria of 3.938 mm in the weak category and in S. Saureus bacteria of 14,350 mm in the strong category. The results of this antibacterial activity test can be concluded that the tampoi fruit peel extract has the highest antibacterial inhibition against the growth of S. aureus bacteria."

"Obat obatan tradisional sering digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia karena harganya yang terjangkau dan bisa menyembuhkan penyakit Biji dari Amomum cardamomum kapulaga adalah salah satu contoh dari obat tradisional yang dipakai sebagai bumbu pada beberapa masakan tertentu Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan alkaloid dan saponin pada ekstrak Amomum cardamomum Pertama tama ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum dibuat dengan cara direbus Lalu alkaloid dan saponin diidentifikasi secara kualitatif menggunakan tes kimia thin layer chromatography TLC dan spektrofotometri Hasil dari tes kimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum tidak mengandung alkaloid dan saponin TLC dan spektrofotometri juga menunjukkan hasil negatif Namun kandungan minyak atsiri ditemukan di ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum pada tes spektrofotometri Kesimpulannya adalah alkaloid dan saponin tidak terdapat pada ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum tetapi minyak atsiri terdapat pada ekstrak biji Amomum cardamomum Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan alkaloid saponin dan minyak atsiri pada bagian lain dari tanaman Amomum cardamomum.

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Traditional medicine frequently used as an alternative medicine by Indonesian citizens due to low-cost and have a healing effect. Amomum cardamomum (cardamom) seed is one of the example of traditional medicine which is used as spice in certain cuisines. This research aims to identify alkaloid and saponin compounds in Amomum cardamomum seed extract. Initially, Amomum cardamomum seed extract was made by boiling technique. Then, alkaloid and saponin compounds were identified qualitatively by using chemical test, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometry.

The end result was chemical test showed that there were no alkaloid and saponin compounds in Amomum cardamomum seed extract. Negative result was also shown in Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) dan spectrophotometry tests. However, in spectrophotometry test, volatile oil was contained in Amomum cardamomum seed extract. In conclusion, alkaloid and saponin compounds were not contained in Amomum cardamomum seed extract while volatile oil was present. Further research is required to investigate the presence of alkaloid, saponin and volatile oil in other parts of Amomum cardamomum plant"