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"A study was carried out to evaluate the extent of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and oil and grease (O&G) pollution in the waters of Ramsar Gazetted mangrove area Johor, during monsoon (February) and post-monsoon (May), 2013. The concentrations of |TPH obtained using UV-fluorescence spectroscopy ranged between 6.50-80.3 (mean 20.2 ±15.7) ug L-1 Tapis crude oil equivalent and O&G using gravimetric analysis ranged from 0.06-1.50 (mean 0.37 ± 0.28) mg L-1. Higher TPH in area surrounding the Kukup Island is probably due to illegal desludging and active shipping activities. The O&G was found higher in the Strait of Kukup Island and Pulai River; high surface run-off of lipophilic matters from terrestrial and anthropogenic activities could have enriched the waterways. In general, anthropogenic activities, tidal influence and dynamic of mixing affected the distribution of O&G and TPH in the study area. Values obtained were comparable to reported data elsewhere in Malaysian waters."

"Sebagian besar grease yang dijual di pasaran menggunakan bahan base oil minyak mineral dan thickening agent sabun lithium. Aplikasi grease dijumpai pada sistem pelumasan yang sederhana seperti pelumasan ball bearing pada as roda dan lain-lain. Pada penelitian ini telah dibuat grease menggunakan base oil dari bahan EPOME Gliserol, base oil yang dibuat dari minyak sawit oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Bahan thickening yang digunakan adalah sabun calsium dan sabun lithium. Dua jenis grease yaitu grease calsium dan grease lithium yang dibuat ini diharapkan mempunyai sifat biodegradability yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan grease dengan bahan base oil minyak mineral dan apabila diformulasikan dengan aditif foodgrade bisa dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok grease foodgrade karena menggunakan base oil minyak nabati, yang bersifat edible dan biodegradable serta lebih polar dari minyak mineral. Dengan dua metode berbeda dalam pembuatan grease dapat diketahui bahwa grease yang dibuat dengan reaktor tertutup memiliki warna yang lebih putih dibandingkan dengan grease yang dibuat dengan reaktor terbuka. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa untuk mendapatkan grease foodgrade berbase oil EPOME Gliserol dengan konsistensi yang sama dengan grease berbase oil minyak mineral (PERTAMINA) memerlukan komposisi thickening agent yang lebih banyak.

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Most of the grease that is sold in the market is using mineral oil as its base oil and lithium soap as its thickening agent. Grease application can be seen in simple lubricating system such as ball bearing lubrication on wheels etc. In this research, grease using EPOME Gliserol as its base oil has been made. EPOME Gliserol is the lubricating oil from palm oil made from previous research. The thickening agents used in the grease are calsium soap and lithium soap. This two type of grease is expected to have a better biodegradability characteristic compared to grease with base oil of mineral oil. If the greases are formulated with foodgrade additive, they can be classified as foodgrade grease because of their base oil which are vegetable oil that is edible and biodegradable and is more polar than mineral oil. By using two differents methods in making greases, it is known that grease that is made with closed reactor has a brighter colour compared to the grease that is made with open reactor. The results of the research show that more thickening agent is needed to make foodgrade grease of base oil EPOME Gliserol with the same consistency value as grease of base oil mineral oil (PERTAMINA)."

"Kegiatan industri pertambangan minyak bumi di Indonesia telah menimbulkan banyak kasus pencemaran limbah berbahaya dan beracun (B3). Kasus tersebut dapat menimbulkan dampak buruk bagi kualitas lingkungan. Pada KepMenLH No. 128 Tahun 2003, disebutkan bahwa pemulihan lahan tercemar oleh minyak bumi dapat dilakukan secara biologis, dengan menggunakan kapasitas kemampuan mikroorganisme. Salah satu teknik penerapan pemulihan tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan teknik Bioventing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh injeksi udara dan mikroorganisme yang berperan dalam proses remediasi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerjanya bioventing. Minyak bumi yang digunakan merupakan crude oil yang berasal dari PPPTMGB Lemigas. Selama 5 minggu penelitian, didapatkan penyisihan konsentrasi TPH terbesar yaitu sebesar 82% yang terdapat pada sampel dengan konsentrasi bakteri Bacillus Subtilis 10% v/v. Sedangkan pada sampel dengan konsentrasi bakteri Bacillus Subtilis 15% v/v, dan tanpa penambahan bakteri (bakteri indigenous) 1 dan 2 secara berurut adalah 67,1%, 54,24%, dan 68,12%. Penyisihan konsentrasi BTEX terbesar, yaitu sebesar 66,65% pada kontrol 2. Sedangkan sampel dengan kontrol 1, konsentrasi bakteri Bacillus Subtilis 10% v/v, dan bakteri Bacillus Subtilis 15% v/v secara berurut adalah 23,39%, 34,41%, dan 37,69%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sampel dengan konsentrasi bakteri Bacillus Subtilis 10% v/v dan Kontrol 2 yang paling baik dalam mendukung efektivitas proses degradasi minyak bumi.

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Oil mining industry in Indonesia has generated many cases of very hazardous waste pollution. Those cases could adversely affect the quality of environment. Ministry of Environment through the Ministry of Environment Decree No. 128/2003, stated that the recovery of oil contaminated area can be purified by using microbial activity, called bioremediation. On of the most preferred methods for the remediation process of oil contaminated soil is bioventing.

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of air injection and microorganisms that play a role in the remediation process and the factors that affect performance bioventing. Oil used in this study was crude oil which was derived from PPTMGB Lemigas. The purpose of this study. During the 5 weeks of the study, obtained the largest TPH concentrations allowance that is equal to 82% were found in the sample with the concentration of the bacteria Bacillus Subtilis 10% v/v. While the sample with the concentration of bacteria Bacillus Subtilis 15% v/v, and without the addition of bacteria (indigenous) 1 and 2 in sequence is 67.1%, 54.24%, and 68.12%. Provision largest concentration of BTEX, amounting to 66.65% in the control 2. Whereas the control 1, the concentration of the bacteria Bacillus Subtilis 10% v / v, and the bacteria Bacillus Subtilis 15% v / v in the order are 23.39%, 34.41%, and 37.69%.

From this study it can be concluded that the sample with the concentration of the bacteria Bacillus Subtilis 10% v / v and Control 2 is best in support of the effectiveness of oil degradation process."

"Pencemaran lingkungan akibat tumpahan minyak dapat berasal dari kegiatan migas. PT XYZ salah satu perusahaan migas bertugas mengoperasikan FSRU yang terletak dilepas pantai Labuhan Maringgai. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan operasional, FSRU melakukan bongkar muat BBM di tengah laut dengan metode STS. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menganalisis wilayah prioritas penangangan pencemaran tumpahan minyak berdasarkan dampak ekonomi dan sosial. Metode yang digunakan adalah campuran antara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode kuantitatif dengan pemodelan. Metode kualitatif dengan deskriptif dari hasil kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pemodelan pergerakan tumpahan minyak Musim Timur ke arah Barat, Barat Daya dan Barat Laut dan berdampak ke tambak udang dan mangrove di Kecamatan Labuhan Maringgai. Penyebaran tumpahan minyak mencapai daratan pada jam ke-39 dengan panjang garis pantai terdampak sepanjang + 56 km. Mitigasi yang dilakukan jika terjadi tumpahan minyak adalah penanganan wilayah prioritas di Kecamatan Labuhan maringgai yaitu Kelurahan Sukorahayu, Margasari, Sriminosari, Muara Gading Mas dan Bandar Negeri.

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Environmental pollution due to oil spills can come from oil and gas activities. PT XYZ, one of the oil and gas companies, is tasked with operating the FSRU which is located off the coast of Labuhan Maringgai. To meet operational needs, FSRU carries out loading and unloading of fuel in the middle of the sea using the STS method. The main objective of this study is to analyze priority areas for handling oil spill pollution based on economic and social impacts. The method used is a mixture of quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative method with modelling. Qualitative method with descriptive of quantitative results. The results of this study are modeling the movement of the East Season oil spill to the West, Southwest and Northwest and impacting ponds and mangroves in Labuhan Maringgai District. The spread of the oil spill reached land in the 39th hour with a length of affected coastline of + 56 km. Mitigation carried out in the event of an oil spill is the handling of priority areas in Labuhan Maringgai District, namely Sukorahayu, Margasari, Sriminosari, Muara Gading Mas and Bandar Negeri Villages."

"Konsorsium bakteri lokal (gabungan Salipiger bermudensis DQ 178660, Alterierythrobacter evoxidivorans DQ 304436, Alteromonas macleodii Y 18228 dan Vibrio harveyi DQ 146936) pendegradasi senyawa hidrokarbon kontaminan yang diisolasi dari kawasan eksplorasi minyak Cepu Jawa Tengah diuji kemampuannya dalam merombak senyawa hidrokarbon minyak bumi yang mencemari tanah di kawasan industri Krakatau Steel Cilegon. Dalam penelitian ini, karakterisasi produksi biosurfaktan yang dihasilkan konsorsium bakteri dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi pola pertumbuhan, analisis tegangan permukaan, analisis tegangan antarmuka, analisis komposisi kimia dan uji aktivitas emulsifikasi. Pengujian selama 30 hari pengamatan meliputi pH, suhu, tekstur tanah empat fraksi (berpasir, liat kasar, liat halus, berdebu), karbon organik, nitrogen organik, rasio karbon/nitrogen organik, fosfor dan kalium serta analisis sampel tanah tercemar hidrokarbon menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Sphectroscopy (GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biosurfaktan yang dihasilkan konsorsium bakteri memiliki kemampuan menurunkan tegangan permukaan air lebih tinggi dibanding dengan bakteri tunggal (51 dynes/cm dari 72 dyns/cm), reduksi nilai tegangan antarmuka air dengan minyak paling tinggi dihasilkan konsorsium bakteri (10 dynes/cm), nilai indeks emulsifikasi (93,75%) paling tinggi dihasilkan oleh konsorsium bakteri. Analisis komposisi kimia biosurfaktan yang dihasilkan konsorsium bakteri menunjukkan bahwa biosurfaktan merupakan senyawa kompleks terdiri dari karbohidrat, protein dan lipid. Setelah 30 hari massa inkubasi, hasil analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa bakteri dan konsorsium bakteri mampu merombak senyawa hidrokarbon tersisa yang mencemari tanah di kawasan PT Krakatau Steel Cilegon Banten.;

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Local bacterial consortium (combined of Salipiger bermudensis DQ 178 660, Alterierythrobacter evoxidivorans DQ 304 436, Alteromonas macleodii Y 146 936 and Vibrio harveyi DQ 18228) hydrocarbons degrading contaminants that isolated from oil exploration areas in Cepu Central Java was analyzed for its ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons that polluted the soil in industrial area of PT. Krakatau Steel Cilegon.

In this study, characterization of biosurfactant produced by bacterial consortium conducted to evaluate growth patterns, analysis of surface tension, interfacial tension, chemical composition and emulsification activity assay. Analysis for 30 days of observation include pH, temperature, soil texture four fractions (sandy, dusty, rough clayey, smooth clayey), organic carbon, organic nitrogen, the ratio of carbon/nitrogen organic, phosphorus and potassium as well as analysis of hydrocarbon contaminated soil samples using Gas Chromatography -Mass Sphectroscopy (GC-MS).

The results showed that the biosurfactants produced by bacterial consortium have the ability to lower the surface tension of water is higher than with a single bacterium (51 dynes/cm from 72 dyns/cm), the reduction of the highest values ​​of water interfacial tension with oil produced by bacterial consortium (10 dynes/cm ), the highest value of emulsification index (93.75%) produced by bacterial consortium. Analysis of the chemical composition of biosurfactants produced by bacterial consortium showed that biosurfactants are complex compounds composed of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. After 30 days of incubation time, the results of GC-MS analysis showed that bacteria and bacterial consortium are capable of overhauling the remaining hydrocarbon compounds that polluted the soil in the area of PT Krakatau Steel Cilegon Banten."