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"ABSTRAK Nama : Dannissa AryaniProgram Studi : Kajian Wilayah EropaJudul : Partai Alternative f r Deutschland dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Peningkatan Gerakan Populisme Sayap Kanan di Jerman Penelitian ini berfokus pada partai sayap kanan Alternative f r Deutschland AfD yang dianggap oleh media sebagai partai populis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti kemunculan gerakan populisme di Jerman dan bagaimana partai AfD yang dianggap partai populisme sayap kanan modern mendapat dukungannya, serta bagaimana media di Jerman melihatnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teori utama populisme milik Cas Mudde ditambah dengan analisis wacana kritis milik Teun Van Dijk untuk analisis medianya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populisme muncul di Jerman pada dekade awal pasca perang dunia kedua dan berkembang hingga saat ini, hingga muncullah partai AfD yang semakin mendapat dukungan karena memberikan alternatif baru bagi warga Jerman dan dari empat media yang analisis masing-masing memiliki pandangan tersendiri mengenai partai AfD, tergantung dari ideologi medianya. Kata kunci: populisme, Alternative f r Deutschland, ideologi, media massa di Jerman

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ABSTRACT Name Dannissa AryaniStudy Program Kajian Wilayah EropaTitle Alternative f r Deutschland Party and its Influence on the Rise of Right Wing Populism in Germany This research is focused on right wing party Alternative f r Deutschland AfD of Germany, which labelled by the media as Populist Party. The purpose of this research is to identify the emergence of populism in Germany and how AfD which is labelled as the modern right wing populist party receive the support from German people, also how the leading medias in Germany see this phenomena. The methods used in this research is qualitative method with the main theory of populism by Cas Mudde and additional critical discourse analysis theory by Teun Van Dijk to analyze the media articles. The result shows that populism in Germany emerged since the first decade of post WWII in Europe and is still developing until today and the AfD party received a big amount of support from the people because of its ldquo alternative rdquo policies. Finally, the leading medias analyzed indicates that each has its own view towards AfD party, depending on their media ideology. Keyword populism, Alternative for Germany, ideology, mass media in Germany"

"Populisme merupakan sebuah instrumen politik yang efektif dalam realm demokrasi; populisme dapat mengartikulasikan apa yang menjadi kehendak mayoritas masyarakat, yang seringkali tidak selalu rasional, sebagai diskursus untuk menekan tatanan pemerintahan domestik. Keterkaitan antara politik domestik dengan hubungan internasional menjadikan fenomena kebangkitan populisme problematis, sebab narasi-narasi yang banyak diangkat justru merupakan anti-tesis terhadap apa yang membentuk stabilitas tatanan dunia internasional saat ini. Kemunculan populisme sayap kanan yang semakin lazim di berbagai tataran politik domestik kontemporer mengisyaratkan adanya sebuah tren baru dalam dinamika politik internasional yang menyebabkan narasi-narasi populisme sayap kanan radikal menjadi lebih diminati dan memperoleh basis politik yang besar di tingkat domestik; serta menghasilkan tekanan yang besar terhadap keberlangsungan tata kelola dunia internasional saat ini. Tulisan ini berupaya untuk melihat bagaimana perkembangan narasi-narasi populisme dalam diskursus politik internasional pasca Perang Dunia II, serta lebih jauh lagi berupaya untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan mengapa varian populisme sayap kanan kemudian mampu mendominasi diskursus politik internasional kontemporer.

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Populism is an effective political instrument within the realm of democracy; which articulates what was considered the general will of the society, which often proved to be irrational, as the counter-narrative to the dominance of established political elites and their discourses. The linkage between domestic politics and international relations has framed the rise of the populists to be problematic: as the narrative that they (populists) endorse has pushed the idea of anti-globalization, anti-establishment, and anti-internationalist, which poses a threat to the very stability of contemporary international order. The rise of right-wing populism that prevails on many domestic-level politic, implies the existence of a new trend on the dynamic of international politic which favored the narrative of radical right-wing populism into the mainstream political discourses. This writing attempts to signify the development of the narrative of right-wing populism within the discourse of post-World War international political order. It also attempts to analyze and explain why the variety of right-wing populism has successfully dominating the discourses of contemporary international politics."

"ABSTRAKStudi ini menguji pengaruh faktor orientasi religius, diskriminasi danRight-Wing Aurhor-irarianism dalam membentuk prasangka. Sebanyak 128responden berusia 21-35 tahun dari elnis Tionghoa yang, beragama Kristendan Katolik mengisi kuesioner untuk mengukur variabel-variabeipenelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diskriminasi dan right-wing authoritarianism dapat menjadi variabel moderator bagi orientasireligius dalam membentuk prasangka. Saran bagi pcnelitian selanjutnyaadalah mengembangkan penelitian mengenai orientasi religius danpengaruhnya terhadap prasangka."

"Beberapa variabel psikologi ditemukan menjadi faktor disposisi yang mempengaruhi ideologi politik misalnya motivasi epistemik, right wing authoritarianism dan social dominance orientation. Selain faktor psikologi, faktor agama diprediksikan dapat menjadi faktor disposisi ideologi politik karena agama dan politik mempunyai akar kebutuhan psikologi yang sama. Sifat multiinterpretatif ajaran Islam tidak bisa melihat Islam secara monolitik sehingga Muslim akan berbeda-beda dalam bersikap politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat peran agama dan faktor psikologis dalam memetakan tipologi ideologi politik Muslim di Indonesia. Studi pendahuluan dilakukan dengan mewawancarai 12 partisipan dari organisasi Islam untuk menggambarkan perbedaan sikap politik dan perbedaan interpetasi dalam memahami ajaran Islam. Beberapa Muslim digambarkan meyakini dan memahami ajaran Islam sebagai pedoman menyeluruh (total) dalam semua aspek kehidupan termasuk kehidupan politik dan bernegara. Totalitas dalam Islam tersebut diduga menjadi prediktor terhadap ideologi politik Muslim. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan adaptasi dan analisis struktur skala totalisme Islam (studi 1a) dengan partisipan sebanyak 653 muslim. Selanjutnya menguji korelasi dan regresi dengan variabel yang terkait dengan ideologi (1b) dengan partisipan sebanyak 376 mahasiswa muslim. Selanjutnya studi 2 menggunakan survei sebanyak 1208 muslim dari beberapa provinsi dengan karakteristik tertentu yang bertujuan untuk membuktikan hipotesis utama yaitu keberagaman ideologi politik Muslim di Indonesia. Hasilnya terdapat 6 kelompok ideologi politik dengan perbedaan karakteristik pada motivasi epsitemik, right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientaiton dan totalisme Islam.

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Some psychological variables are found as the disposition factors that influence to political ideology such as epistemic motivation, right wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Besides psychological factors, the religious factors are predicted to be a disposition factor for political ideology because religion and politics have the similar root in psychological needs. The multi-interpretative nature of Islamic teachings cannot be seen Islam as monolithically interpretation, so Muslims will be different in their political behavior. This study aims to analyze the role of religion and psychological factors in mapping the typology of Muslim political ideology in Indonesia. A preliminary study was conducted by interviewing 12 participants from Islamic organizations to illustrate differences in political attitudes and differences in interpretation in understanding Islamic teachings. Some Muslims are depicted as believing and understanding the teachings of Islam as an absolute guidance (total) in all aspects of life including political and state life.

Totality in Islam is thought to be a predictor of Muslim political ideology. For this reason, it is necessary to adapt and analyze the structure of the Islamic totalism scale (study 1a) with 653 Muslim participants and test correlation and regression with variables related to ideology (1b) with a total of 376 Muslim student participants. Furthermore Study 2 focused on a survey to 1208 Muslims from several provinces with certain characteristics aimed at proving the main hypothesis of the diversity of Muslim political ideologies in Indonesia. The result is that there are 6 groups of political ideologies with different characteristics in epistemic motivation, right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation and Islamic totalism."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah religious fundamentalism dapat memprediksi penurunan performa memori rekognisi mengenai kata moral-emosional bervalensi negatif pada Muslim di Indonesia dan sejauh mana right-wing authoritarian memoderasi hubungan negatif antara religious fundamentalism dan memori rekognisi jenis kata moral-emosional negatif. Total 121 warga negara Indonesia Muslim yang berusia 18-25 tahun (M = 20 tahun 9 bulan) berpartisipasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Islamic Fundamentalism (Putra & Sukabdi, 2014), untuk mengukur religious fundamentalism, dan right-wing authoritarianism scale untuk mengukur right-wing authoritarianism (Passini, 2017), sementara pengukuran akurasi memori menggunakan corrected recognition dari signal detection theory (Baddeley dkk., 2015). Analisis repeated measures menunjukkan bahwa jenis kata moral-emosional negatif memiliki akurasi yang lebih tinggi daripada jenis kata lainnya. Analisis moderasi dengan PROCESS menunjukkan bahwa efek negatif dari religious fundamentalism pada memori rekognisi jenis kata moral-emosional negatif dimoderasi oleh right-wing authoritarianism. Semua temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pandangan politik yang ekstrem dapat menurunkan performa memori mengenai kata moral-emosional sehingga perlu dipertimbangkan untuk memahami mekanisme psikologis dari politik identitas agama serta pengaruhnya pada diseminasi pesan moral-emosional lewat kampanye maupun pidato-pidato politik yang disebarkan melalui media sosial.

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The purpose of this study to investigate the role of religious fundamentalism in predicting the decline of memory recognition for negative moral-emotional words in Indonesian Muslims and to investigate the role right-wing authoritarians as a moderator on the negative relationship between religious fundamentalism and the memory recognition for negative moral-emotional words. We recruited 121 Indonesian Muslim citizens aged 18-25 years to participate in the study. This study employed Islamic Fundamentalism (Putra & Sukabdi, 2014), to measure the level of religious fundamentalists, Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale (Passini, 2017) to measure the level of right-wing authoritarianism, and corrected recognition as a measure for memory accuracy based on the signal detection theory (Baddeley et al., 2015) The repeated measures ANOVA analysis showed that participants remembered negative moral-emotional words with a higher level of accuracy than the accuracy levels of other types wordstype. The moderation analysis with PROCESS showed that the negative effect of religious fundamentalism on the memory recognition for negative moral-emotional words is significantly moderated by right-wing authoritarianism. These findings provide evidence on how extreme political views can impair memory for moral-emotional words, and thus, they should be considered to better understand the psychological mechanisms underlying religion-based politics and its effects on the dissemination of moral-emotional messages through campaigns and political speeches in social media."

"This study discusses the emergence of Islamic populism in Palembang in the 1950s. In the official narratives of Indonesian history, the political turbulence in Palembang that occurred in the mid-1950s is often associated with a regional Army commander-led rebellion. This research instead finds that Islamic groups played a crucial role in developing the preliminary conditions before the military group took the initiative to pull the trigger. Islamic groups, through their network of ulama, tried to unite all groups opposed to Jakarta’s leadership and communism to incorporate under one umbrella of political identity: Islam. We determine that the emergence of Islamic populism in Palembang was caused by multiple grievances: economic decline, redistribution of welfare to the region, the exclusion of Islamic groups, and the fear of communism. However, Islamic populism only succeeded in uniting factions in the Islamic community but failed to reach other groups because of the social cleavages from previous feuds."