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"Latar belakang: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi dan keparahan yang tinggi dan menyerang seluruh negara termasuk Indonesia. Karies gigi juga dapat terjadi sejak dini pada anak prasekolah dan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup anak tersebut. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat karies anak prasekolah dengan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan mulut di Kelurahan Grogol Utara, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan. Metode: Desain cross-sectional secara analitik observasional. Sebanyak 200 anak prasekolah umur 3-5 tahun dipilih dengan teknik purposive dan dilakukan pemeriksaan gigi dan mulut untuk menilai skor deft, defs serta menentukan status karies oleh 2 dokter gigi yang sudah dilatih. Kualitas hidup dinilai melalui wawancara kuesioner ECOHIS ke 165 ibu anak. Hasil: Prevalensi karies pada 165 anak umur 3-5 tahun adalah sebesar 83 dengan nilai defs 14.8 SD17,6 dan deft 6,2 SD5,2. Pola distribusi karies pada anak usia 3-5 tahun paling banyak ditemukan di gigi insisif sentral dan lateral maksilla dan pola karies hampir simetris antar rahang. Berdasarkan hasil uji Cronbach - 0,868, test-retest 0,968 , dan perbandingan r-hitung tiap item dengan r-tabel, kuesioner ECOHIS versi Bahasa Indonesia reliabel dan valid. Frekuensi item kuesioner ECOHIS ditemukan terbesar di item nyeri mulut pada gigi/mulut pada anak 38,2 serta rasa bersalah pada keluarga 30,3. Uji dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji deskriptif, korelasi Spearman, uji Kruskall-Wallis dan uji Mann-Whitney U. Nilai korelasi tertinggi r=0,4 ditemukan pada item nyeri mulut dan gigi pada anak dan rasa bersalah pada keluarga dengan skor deft dan skor d pada defs anak. Hubungan status karies dan kualitas hidup baik yang berdampak ke anak dan keluarga ditemukan bermakna.

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Background: Dental caries has become a major global oral health problem with high prevalence and severity, including Indonesia. Dental caries can develop early in preschool children and will affect their quality of life.

Aim: To assess the relationship between the severity of caries in preschool children and their oral health related quality of life in Grogol Utara, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan.

Method" Analytic observational with cross sectional design. A purposive sample of 200 children aged 3 5 years underwent a clinical oral examination to assess their deft and defs score and to determine their caries status by 2 trained dentists. Quality of life is assessed using ECOHIS by interviewing a total of 165 mother's child.

Results: The prevalence of ECC in 165 children aged 3 5 years old is 83 with overall defs score 14.83 SD 17.6 and deft score 6.2 SD 5.2. The tooth distribution pattern of caries in 3 5 years old children mostly affect central and lateral maxillary incisors. Moreover, the caries pattern was almost symmetrical across the arches. The Cronbach 0,868 test retest 0,968 and r count for each item comparison with r table shows that Indonesian version of ECOHIS is a reliable and valid instrument. The most frequent items reported are pain in teeth, mouth and jaw in child 38.2 and feeling guilty in family 30.3. Descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation, Kruskall Wallis test, and Mann Whitney U test were used. The highest correlation r 0.4 were found in item is pain in teeth, mouth and jaw in child and feeling guilty in family with deft score and d score in defs. There was significant difference between caries status and OHRQoL in terms of impact on both child and family p"

"Latar belakang: Karies merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang umum terjadi, termasuk pada anak-anak di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi karies gigi pada anak adalah pola pemberian makan, yaitu ASI dan PASI. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pola pemberian makan dengan Early Childhood Caries ECC pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di Kelurahan Grogol Utara, Kebayoran Lama. Metode: Desain cross-sectional secara analitik observasional. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah dengan convenience sampling. Data pola pemberian makan dan perilaku membersihkan gigi diambil melalui wawancara dengan ibu subjek oleh pewawancara yang telah dikalibrasi. Pemeriksaan karies gigi anak dengan menggunakan indeks defs dan pemeriksaan indeks plak dilakukan oleh dua orang dokter gigi yang telah dikalibrasi. Hasil: Prevalensi karies gigi sulung pada 165 anak adalah sebesar 83. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pemberian kolostrum p=0,017, ASI eksklusif p=0,028, frekuensi ASI p=0,001, dan lama kontak gigi dengan ASI p=0,049 terhadap skor karies gigi sulung anterior. Tidak ada variabel ASI yang menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap karies gigi sulung posterior p ge;0,05. Usia awal diberikannya PASI menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna terhadap karies gigi sulung anterior dan posterior p=0,001; p=0,041. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jenis makanan atau minuman setelah gigi erupsi p=0,020 dan frekuensi susu formula p=0,005 dengan karies gigi sulung anterior. Frekuensi MP-ASI tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dengan karies gigi sulung anterior dan posterior p=0,963; p=0,591. Kesimpulan: Pola pemberian makan anak yang meningkatkan skor karies gigi sulung anterior maupun posterior adalah usia awal diberikannya PASI, yaitu sebelum usia 6 bulan.

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Background: Caries is one of the most common oral problems, including in children in Indonesia. One of the factors that influence the occurrence of caries is child's feeding methods, like breastfeeding and complementary feeding.

Aim: To obtain information about the relationship between child's feeding method and early childhood caries in children aged 3 5 years old.

Method: Analytic observational with cross sectional design. The sampling method is convenience sampling. The data of child's feeding method and oral hygiene behavior was obtained through interviewing the mother. Caries examination was done using defs assessment.

Result: The prevalence of ECC in 165 children is 83. There are significant differences between colostrum p 0,017, exclusive breastfeeding p 0,028, breastfeeding frequency p 0,001, and length of contact time between teeth and breastfeeding milk p 0,049 with anterior primary teeth caries. None of the breastfeeding methods has significant difference with posterior primary teeth caries p ge 0,05. Age of initiation of complementary feeding has a significant difference with anterior and posterior primary teeth caries p 0,001 p 0,041. There are significant differences between the type of complementary food after first tooth eruption p 0,020 and frequency of infant formula p 0,005 with anterior primary teeth caries. Frequency of complementary feeding has no significant difference with anterior and posterior primary teeth caries p 0,963 p 0,591.

Conclusion: Child's feeding method which increases early childhood caries'score in both anterior and posterior teeth is the age of initiation of complementary feeding, which is before six months old."

"

Latar belakang:ECC merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi dan keparahan yang tinggi, termasuk di Indonesia. Kondisi ini dapat berdampak ke kualitas hidup anak. Adanya berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi ECC antara lain praktik kebersihan gigi dan mulut serta konsumsi makanan kariogenik. Usia 5 tahun merupakan waktu akhir periode gigi sulung sebelum akhirnya digantikan oleh gigi permanen. Tujuan:Mengetahui hubungan praktik kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta status karies gigi sulung terhadap kualitas hidup anak usia 5 tahun. Metode:Studi Cross-sectionalpada 266 anak berusia 5 tahun pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2019 yang terpilih dengan metode multistage cluster random sampling dari TK di Jakarta Timuryang memenuhi kriteria inklusi anak berusia 60-71 bulan, kooperatif, dan orangtua bersedia mengisi informed consent. Seluruh orangtua subjek diminta untuk melengkapi kuesioner yang bersisi pertanyaan terkait karakteristik sosiodemografik, praktik kesehatan gigi dan mulut, serta kualitas hidup anak persepsi orang tua (SOHO-5p). Pada anak, dilakukan pemeriksaan status karies gigi sulung berupa indeks dmft dan pufa serta diwawancara terkait kualitas hidup anak persepsi sendiri (SOHO-5c). Digunakan uji beda Contuinity Correction, Pearson Chi Square, Mann Whitney, dan Kruskall Wallis serta Uji korelasi spearman untuk analisis statistik. Hasil: prevalensi ECC pada 266 anak adalah 88,7% dan pufa >0 sebanyak 35%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara praktik kebersihan gigi dan mulut terhadap indeks dmft (r=0,19;p=0,01) dan skor SOHO-5p (r=0,27;p<0,001) serta praktik konsumsi makanan kariogenik terhadap indeks dmft (r=0,14;p<0,01), dan SOHO-5p (r=0,27;p=0,013). Status karies gigi sulung memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan SOHO-5 (p<0,001). Seluruh variabel SOHO-5p memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan indeks dmft dan indeks pufa (p<0,05) kecuali menghindari tersenyum karena penampilan terhadap indeks pufa. Tetapi, hanya skor total SOHO-5c, variabel kesulitan makan, dan kesulitan tidur yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap indeks dmft dan indeks pufa (p<0,001). Secara umum, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara SOHO-5p dan SOHO-5c kecuali pada variabel kesulitan tidur (p=0,001), menghindari tersenyum karena rasa sakit (p=0,002), dan menghindari tersenyum karena penampilan (p=0,042) Kesimpulan:Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status karies gigi sulung dan SOHO-5 tetapi hanya SOHO-5p yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan praktik kesehatan gigi dan mulut.. Tidak terdapat perbedaan persepsi yang bermakna antara SOHO-5p dan SOHO-5c sehingga orangtua dapat dijadikan penilai proksi dari kualitas hidup anak, tetapi kedua persepsi tetap diperlukan untuk menghindari informasi yang hilang. 

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Background:ECC is a dental health problem with high prevalence and severity, including in Indonesia. This condition will affect child’s Oral-Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Factors that cause ECC are multifactorial, one of which is oral hygiene practice and comsumption of cariogenic meals. 5 years old is the late period of primary dentition before it’ll changed to permanent dentition Objective: To analyze relationship between oral health practice and early childhood caries with 5 years old children’s quality of life in Jakarta Timur. Method: Cross-sectional study in 266 5 years old children during August-October 2019 that chosen with multistage cluster random sampling from preschools in Jakarta Timur that fulfilled inclusion criteria child aged 60-71 month, cooperate, and parents had signed informed consent. All parents completed questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristic, oral health practice, and parent perception of child quality of life (SOHO-5p). Children were examined with dmft and pufa index and also interviewed about their perception of self quality of life (SOHO-5c). Result: Prevalence of ECC for 266 children is 88,7% with 35% have pufa index >0. There’s a significant relationship between oral hygiene practice with dmft index (r=0,19;p=0,001) and SOHO-5p(r=0,27;p<0,001) so does cariogenic meals consumption with dmft index (r=0,14;p<0,001) and SOHO-5p (r=0,27;p=0,013). ECC has significant relationship with SOHO-5 (p<0,05). All variables in SOHO-5p has significant relationship with dmft dan pufa index(p<0,05) except avoid smiling because of appearance towards pufa index. But, only total score of SOHO-5c,‘difficult eat’ and ‘difficult sleep’ variables have significant relationship with dmft and pufa index (p<0,001). In general, there’s no statistically difference between mother-child perception in SOHO-5p and SOHO-5c except in ‘difficult sleep’ (p=0,001), ‘avoid smiling because of pain’ (p=0,002) and ‘avoid smiling because of appearance’(p=0,042). Conclusion:There’s significant relationship between ECC and SOHO-5 but only the parental version has significant relationship with oral health practice. There’s no significant difference between SOHO-5p and SOHO-5c thus parents could be the proxy rater for their child but both perception still needed to avoid missing information.

"

"Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan status kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta kemampuan mastikasi self-assessed terhadap kualitas hidup lansia independen di beberapa wilayah DKI Jakarta. Metode: Desain studi cross-sectional dilakukan pada 177 subjek yang berusia 60 tahun atau lebih. Standar pemeriksaan klinis WHO, kemampuan mastikasi self-assessed, dan wawancara kuesioner GOHAI versi Bahasa Indonesia dilakukan pada seluruh subjek. Hasil: Dari 177 subjek, 89,3 subjek perempuan dan 10,7 subjek laki-laki dengan rata-rata usia 66,3 tahun. Rata-rata skor kuesioner GOHAI adalah 48,5. Uji korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta kemampuan mastikasi self-assessed dengan kuesioner GOHAI. Kemampuan mastikasi self-assessed dan jumlah gigi asli memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan total skor GOHAI r=0,63; r=0,37. Jumlah gigi sehat memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan total skor GOHAI r=0,36. Gigi berlubang DT memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan penggunaan obat untuk pereda nyeri r=0,18. Gigi yang ditambal FT memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kenyamanan saat makan r=0,18. Status gigi tiruan memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan total skor GOHAI r=0,36. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta kemampuan mastikasi self-assessed terhadap kualitas hidup lansia di beberapa wilayah DKI Jakarta.

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Objectives: To assess the relationship between oral health status and self assessed masticatory ability with quality of life in elderly living independently in some areas of Jakarta. Methods: the study design was cross sectional. The participants n 177 age 60 years old and above were clinically examined using WHO form, self assessed their masticatory ability, and intervewed using Indonesian version of GOHAI questionnaire. Results: Among 177 participants, 89,3 were female and 10,7 were male. The mean age of the participants was 66,3 years old. The mean score of GOHAI was 48,5. Spearman correlation test was used to assess the relationship between oral health status and self assessed masticatory ability with GOHAI questionnaire. Self assessed masticatory ability and the amount of natural teeth are significantly associated with the total score of GOHAI r 0,63 r 0,37. The amount of sound teeth was also significantly associated with the total score of GOHAI r 0,36. Decay teeth was significantly associated with the consumption of analgesic r 0,18. Restored teeth was significantly associated with the comfort while eating r 0,18. Denture status was associated with the total score of GOHAI r 0,36. Conclusion: Oral health status and self assessed masticatory ability are associated with quality of life in elderly in some areas of Jakarta."

"Early Childhood Caries (ECC) adalah penyakit multifaktorial yang terdiri dari faktor etiologi, faktor demografi (usia, sosial ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan ibu) dan faktor perilaku (konsumsi makanan kariogenik, kebiasaan menyikat gigi, indeks plak, keluhan sakit gigi, dan kontrol ke dokter gigi). Penelitian ini mengguakan desain Cross Sectional dengan Uji Chi-Square. Hasil uji tersebut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara usia, sosial ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan ibu, konsumsi makanan kariogenik, indeks plak, keluhan sakit gigi, dan kontrol ke dokter gigi terhadap ECC dengan (p<0,05). Akan tetapi, dalam penelitian ini hanya kebiasaan menyikat gigi yang tidak berhubungan bermakna dengan ECC (p>0,05).

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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a multifactorial disease which factors are etiology factors, demographic factors (age, socioeconomic , mothers‟ level of education), and behavior factors (cariogenic diet, tooth brushing habit, plaque index, toothache complaints and dental visit). Cross sectional study with statiscal analysis using Chi- square showed that ages, socio-economic, mother‟s level of education, cariogenic diet, plaque index, dental visit, and toothache complaints have correlation with ECC (p<0,05). However, there are no correlation between tooth brushing habit with ECC (p>0,05)."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi terhadap kualitas hidup anak usia 5 tahun menggunakan Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five Year-Old (SOHO-5c). Metode: studi analitik korelatif dan komparatif dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan kuisioner SOHO-5c dan pemeriksaan skor def-t pada 100 anak di TKIT As-Sa?adah dan TKIT Buah Hati, serta uji realiabilitas dan validitas kuisioner SOHO-5c. Hasil: Reliabilitas internal dan eksternal SOHO-5c (Cronbach?s alpha=0,713 dan ICC=0,995). Tingkat pendidikan ibu memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan status kesehatan gigi (p=0,02), status kesehatan gigi memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kualitas hidup anak (p=0,01). Korelasi positif bermakna antara SOHO-5c dengan precieved oral health dan SOHO-5c dengan skor total def-t (r=0,48; r=0,47). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan status kesehatan gigi anak dan kualitas hidup anak (SOHO-5c), serta status kesehatan gigi anak dengan kualitas hidup anak (SOHO-5c).ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the relationship between dental health status and quality of life of 5 years old children using Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five Year-Old (SOHO-5c). Methods: correlative and comparative analytic study with cross sectional study design using SOHO-5c questionnaires and oral examination with def-t scores on 100 children in TKIT As-Sa'adah and TKIT Buah Hati, reliability and validity test of SOHO-5c questionnaire. Results: Internal and external reliability of SOHO-5c (Cronbach's alpha=0,713 dan ICC=0,995). Mother's education level has a significant relationship with dental health status (p=0,02), dental health status has a significant relationship with child's quality of life (p=0,01). A significant positive correlation between the SOHO-5c with precieved oral health and SOHO-5c with total score def-t (r=0,48; r=0,47). Conclusion: there is a significant correlation between mother?s education level with child dental health status and child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c), as well as dental health status of children with the child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c).;Objective: To determine the relationship between dental health status and quality of life of 5 years old children using Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five Year-Old (SOHO-5c). Methods: correlative and comparative analytic study with cross sectional study design using SOHO-5c questionnaires and oral examination with def-t scores on 100 children in TKIT As-Sa'adah and TKIT Buah Hati, reliability and validity test of SOHO-5c questionnaire. Results: Internal and external reliability of SOHO-5c (Cronbach's alpha=0,713 dan ICC=0,995). Mother's education level has a significant relationship with dental health status (p=0,02), dental health status has a significant relationship with child's quality of life (p=0,01). A significant positive correlation between the SOHO-5c with precieved oral health and SOHO-5c with total score def-t (r=0,48; r=0,47). Conclusion: there is a significant correlation between mother?s education level with child dental health status and child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c), as well as dental health status of children with the child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c).;Objective: To determine the relationship between dental health status and quality of life of 5 years old children using Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five Year-Old (SOHO-5c). Methods: correlative and comparative analytic study with cross sectional study design using SOHO-5c questionnaires and oral examination with def-t scores on 100 children in TKIT As-Sa'adah and TKIT Buah Hati, reliability and validity test of SOHO-5c questionnaire. Results: Internal and external reliability of SOHO-5c (Cronbach's alpha=0,713 dan ICC=0,995). Mother's education level has a significant relationship with dental health status (p=0,02), dental health status has a significant relationship with child's quality of life (p=0,01). A significant positive correlation between the SOHO-5c with precieved oral health and SOHO-5c with total score def-t (r=0,48; r=0,47). Conclusion: there is a significant correlation between mother?s education level with child dental health status and child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c), as well as dental health status of children with the child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c).;Objective: To determine the relationship between dental health status and quality of life of 5 years old children using Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five Year-Old (SOHO-5c). Methods: correlative and comparative analytic study with cross sectional study design using SOHO-5c questionnaires and oral examination with def-t scores on 100 children in TKIT As-Sa'adah and TKIT Buah Hati, reliability and validity test of SOHO-5c questionnaire. Results: Internal and external reliability of SOHO-5c (Cronbach's alpha=0,713 dan ICC=0,995). Mother's education level has a significant relationship with dental health status (p=0,02), dental health status has a significant relationship with child's quality of life (p=0,01). A significant positive correlation between the SOHO-5c with precieved oral health and SOHO-5c with total score def-t (r=0,48; r=0,47). Conclusion: there is a significant correlation between mother?s education level with child dental health status and child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c), as well as dental health status of children with the child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c).;Objective: To determine the relationship between dental health status and quality of life of 5 years old children using Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five Year-Old (SOHO-5c). Methods: correlative and comparative analytic study with cross sectional study design using SOHO-5c questionnaires and oral examination with def-t scores on 100 children in TKIT As-Sa'adah and TKIT Buah Hati, reliability and validity test of SOHO-5c questionnaire. Results: Internal and external reliability of SOHO-5c (Cronbach's alpha=0,713 dan ICC=0,995). Mother's education level has a significant relationship with dental health status (p=0,02), dental health status has a significant relationship with child's quality of life (p=0,01). A significant positive correlation between the SOHO-5c with precieved oral health and SOHO-5c with total score def-t (r=0,48; r=0,47). Conclusion: there is a significant correlation between mother?s education level with child dental health status and child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c), as well as dental health status of children with the child?s quality of life (SOHO-5c)., Objective: To determine the relationship between dental health status and quality of life of 5 years old children using Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for Five Year-Old (SOHO-5c). Methods: correlative and comparative analytic study with cross sectional study design using SOHO-5c questionnaires and oral examination with def-t scores on 100 children in TKIT As-Sa'adah and TKIT Buah Hati, reliability and validity test of SOHO-5c questionnaire. Results: Internal and external reliability of SOHO-5c (Cronbach's alpha=0,713 dan ICC=0,995). Mother's education level has a significant relationship with dental health status (p=0,02), dental health status has a significant relationship with child's quality of life (p=0,01). A significant positive correlation between the SOHO-5c with precieved oral health and SOHO-5c with total score def-t (r=0,48; r=0,47). Conclusion: there is a significant correlation between mother’s education level with child dental health status and child’s quality of life (SOHO-5c), as well as dental health status of children with the child’s quality of life (SOHO-5c).]"

""ABSTRAK"Tujuan: Didapatkannya informasi mengenai hubungan oral health literacy ibu dengan utilisasi pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional menggunakan kuesioner HeLD dan kuesioner utilisasi pelayana kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak. Hasil: Nilai reliabilitas internal kuesioner HeLD adalah sebesar 0.90 Croncbach rsquo;s alpha . Terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara utilisasi pada kelompok dengan oral health literacy rendah dengan kelompok dengan oral health literacy tinggi

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ABSTRACTGoal The goal of this thesis is to get information about the relationship of mother rsquo s oral health literacy with the utilization of children rsquo s teeth and mouth treatment. Methods This Thesis uses cross sectional method that is utilized with HeLD Questionnaire and another questionnaire regarding the utilization of children rsquo s teeth and mouth health treatment. Result Internal reliability of the HeLD questionnaire reaches 0.90 Cronbach rsquo s alpha . There is significant difference between utilization of the group with low oral health literacy and the group with high oral health literacy p"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan gaya hidup dan kejadiankaries pada anak gemuk usia 3-5 tahun. Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 3-5tahun sebanyak 34 anak yang terdiri dari 17 anak gemuk dan 17 anak normal.Disain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik potong lintang. Pengambilan datadilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner. Pemeriksaan klinis untuk memperoleh datakejadian karies dilakukan dengan kriteria def-t. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkanadanya hubungan tidak bermakna (p>0,05) antara gaya hidup (pola makanselingan dan aktivitas fisik) dengan kejadian karies. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapatdisimpulkan adanya hubungan tidak bermakna antara gaya hidup dan kejadiankaries pada anak gemuk.

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Abstract