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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung nilai biomassa dan cadangan karbon hutan magrove, nilai ekonomi total ekosistem hutan mangrove, dan untuk mengidentifikasi kontribusinya terhadap masyarakat di kawasan ekosisten hutan mangrove serta untuk menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan dan potensi hutan magrove di Gampong Kuala Langsa, Kabupaten Langsa Barat, Kota Langsa, Aceh. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada November 2016 sampai dengan Februari 2017. Cadangan karbon dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan alometrik umum untuk tanaman mangrove. Nilai ekonomi total diterapkan untuk memperkirakan nilai ekonomi berdasarkan manfaat ekosistem hutan mangrove.Hasil penghitungan kandungan karbon diketahui bahwa ekosistem hutan mangrove Kuala Langsa menyimpan 1.119.791,32 ton C/ha, dengan 99 cadangan karbon tersimpan di dalam tanah. Hasil perhitungan nilai ekonomi total ekosistem hutan mangrove Kuala Langsa didapatkan nilai sebesar Rp.233.917.708.451 ndash; Rp.309.475.627.768 per tahun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa interpretasi skor tingkat persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan dan potensi hutan mangrove tergolong sangat baik 81,78, yang artinya masyarakat sudah sangat memahami manfaat akan keberadaan hutan mangrove dan pentingnya hutan mangrove karena fungsi ekosistemnya dan ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap hasil sumberdaya alamnya, seperti ikan, tiram, kerang, kepiting, dan udang guna kepentingan pasar dan konsumsi pribadi.

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The purpose of this study is to estimate the economics value of mangrove forest ecosystem, and to identify its contribution to the society and to analyze local people rsquo s perception on the excistence and the potential of mangrove forest ecosytem in Gampong Kuala Langsa, District of West Langsa, Langsa City, Aceh. This study has been conducted in November 2016 until February 2017. The calculation of carbon content is known Kuala Langsa mangrove ecosystem which is maintained 1,119,791,32 ton C ha. The method of economic valuation was applied to estimate the economic value based on the benefits of mangroves forest ecosystem. The calculation result of economic value of mangrove forest ecosystems was about Rp.233.917.708.451 Rp.309.475.627.768 per year.

The result of community perception analysis shows that the perception of public perception score on the existence and potential of mangrove forest is very good 81,78 . This mangrove forest ecosystem also has a large contribution to the community in this area as residential areas and sources of income such as oysters, shellfish, crabs, and shrimp. They were already aware the importance to protect mangrove forests because of its ecosystem function as land protection and their dependency on the natural resources potential of mangrove ecosystem, such as oysters, clams, crabs, and shrimps for market purpose or private consumption."

"Pesatnya peningkatan jumlah penduduk membuat DKI Jakarta sebagai ibukota dari Indonesia kehilangan daya dukung lingkungannya. Hutan mangrove sebagai salah satu jenis hutan yang berperan sebagai komponen penopang daya dukung lingkungan ikut mengalami kerusakan. Peranan penting di antaranya untuk mengatur lalu lintas air, mencegah banjir, pengendalian terhadap erosi dan abrasi akibat intrusi air laut ikut terganggu. Kerusakan ekosistem mangrove tentu akan berdampak terhadap keberlangsungan hidup organisme di dalamnya karena hutan mangrove juga berperan serta dalam rantai makanan, menyediakan tempat tinggal bagi biota-biota tidak terkecuali burung. Perubahan kondisi lingkungan dapat diketahui melalui indeks biotik yang menerapkan organisme sebagai indikatornya. Salah satu contohnya yaitu Index of Marsh Bird Community Integrity (IMBCI) yang menggunakan burung sebagai indikator lingkungannya. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan skor Index of Marsh Bird Community Integrity (IMBCI) di Hutan Lindung Angke Kapuk, Kawasan Arboretum dan Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk serta mengetahui korelasi skor IMBCI dengan struktur habitatnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi yaitu Hutan Lindung Angke Kapuk, Kawasan Arboretum PIK Jakarta dan Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk (TWA Kapuk) pada September hingga Desember awal di tahun 2018. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode titik hitung (point count). Total jenis burung yang berhasil teridentifikasi di ketiga lokasi mencapai 35 jenis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa TWA Kapuk memiliki nilai IMBCI yang paling tinggi yaitu 4,22 sedangkan Arboretum dan Hutan Lindung mendapat nilai masing-masing sebesar 3,19 dan 3,47. Ketiga nilai menunjukkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan di kawasan tersebut tergolong buruk berdasarkan kriteria skor IMBCI. Data korelasi struktur habitat yang signifikan terhadap skor IMBCI adalah desibel suara dan keberadaan sampah. 

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The rapid increase in population makes DKI Jakarta as the capital of Indonesia losing its carrying capacity of the environment. Mangrove forest as one of the types of forest that acts as a supporting component for environmental carrying capacity is also recently damaged. Causing its important roles such as regulating the water traffic, preventing flooding, controlling erosion and abrasion due to intrusion of seawater to be impacted. The damage of the mangrove ecosystem will certainly have an impact on the survival of the organisms in it because mangrove forests also participate in the food chain, providing shelter for biota, including birds. Changes in environmental conditions can be known through biotic indices that apply organisms as indicators. One of these indices is the Index of Marsh Bird Community Integrity (IMBCI) that uses birds as an indicator of its environment. The index is a combination of guild approaches and indicator species so it can display more specific results in the event of environmental disturbances. Therefore, this study aims to determine the differences in the scores of the Index of Marsh Bird Community Integrity (IMBCI) in Hutan Lindung Angke Kapuk, Arboretum Mangrove and Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Angke Kapuk and find out the correlation of the IMBCI score with its habitat structure. This research was carried out in three locations namely Hutan Lindung Angke Kapuk, Arboretum Mangrove Jakarta and Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Angke Kapuk in September until the early of December 2018. The study was conducted using the point count method. The total number of birds identified in the three locations reached 35 species. The results showed that TWA Angke Kapuk got the highest score which was 4,22 while Arboretum and Hutan Lindung got 3,19 and 3,47. The components of habitat structure that siginificant to the correlation of IMBCI scores were sound parameter decibel and waste cover."

"Keberadaan ekosistem hutan mangrove di kawasan Cagar Alam Pulau Dua, Desa Sawah Luhur, Kecamatan Kasemen, Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten saat ini banyak memberikan sumber penghidupan yang nyata bagi masyarakat sekitar yang memanfaatkan ekosistem hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui nilai valuasi ekonomi total hutan mangrove untuk menyusun strategi pengelolaan hutan mangrove di kawasan Cagar Alam Pulau Dua. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Perhitungan valuasi ekonomi total hutan mangrove di kawasan Cagar Alam Pulau Dua seluas 30 Ha adalah Rp 4 milyar/tahun atau Rp 144 juta/ha/tahun. Selanjutnya masing-masing nilai manfaat dibuatkan usaha skenario pemanfaatan di kawasan Cagar Alam Pulau Dua dengan analisis Net Present Value (NPV). Dari nilai NPV ini dapat disusun strategi pengelolaan wilayah pesisir hutan mangrove di kawasan Cagar Alam Pulau Dua yang paling baik dan menguntungkan dengan memanfaatkan lahan untuk usaha pemancingan dengan nilai Rp 48 milyar.

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The presence of mangrove forest in the Pulau Dua Nature Reserve currently provides many tangible livelihood for the communities that use mangrove forest ecosystem. This study aims to determine the valuation of the total economic value of mangrove forests to develop strategies for the management of mangrove forest in the Pulau Dua Nature Reserve. This study uses survey with qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Calculation of total economic valuation of mangrove forest in the Pulau Dua Nature Reserve area of 30 ha obtained is Rp 4 billion/year or Rp 144 million/ha/year. Furthermore, each of the value of the benefit created for use in the business scenario Pulau Dua Nature Reserve with Net Present Value (NPV) analysis can be arranged mangrove coastal zone management strategy in the Pulau Dua Nature Reserve most excellent and profitable is to use the land for fishing effort with a value of Rp 48 billion."

"Sebagai ekosistem peralihan antara wilayah darat dan laut, pengelolaan mangrove harus dilakukan secara terpadu dengan melibatkan berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan dan melalui berbagai pendekatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui studi kepustakaan. Peneliti turut melakukan wawancara dengan sejumlah narasumber untuk sebagai data pendukung. Terdapat dua permasalahan yang akan dibahas di dalam penelitian ini, yaitu mengenai kelembagaan dan tata kelola hutan mangrove di Indonesia serta penerapan pengelolaan mangrove di Suaka Margasatwa Muara Angke (SM Muara Angke) dan Taman Wisata Angke Kapuk (TWA Angke Kapuk) sebagai bagian dari Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Angke Kapuk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mangrove memiliki berbagai macam fungsi dan manfaat. Akan tetapi, pengelolaan terhadap mangrove di Indonesia belum dilaksanakan secara terpadu. Kemudian, dalam pengelolaan mangrove di kawasan SM Muara Angke dan TWA Angke Kapuk ditemui beberapa kendala, seperti keterbatasan anggaran, sarana prasarana, dan sumber daya manusia, kurangnya koordinasi antar para pihak, permasalahan batas kawasan, rendahnya keterlibatan masyarakat, serta kegiatan masyarakat di sekitar kawasan.

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As mangroves are an ecosystem at the interface between land and sea, their management involves various stakeholders as well as various approaches. Therefore, an integrated management of mangroves is required to protect and preserve them. This normative juridical research study uses materials derived from literature. The researcher also conducted several interviews to obtain supporting data. There are two questions that will be discussed in this study, namely the authority and management of mangrove forest in Indonesia, and the implementation of mangrove management in Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve and the Angke Kapuk Nature Recreation Park, which are part of the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Forest. The results show that mangroves have important functions and uses. However, the management of mangroves in Indonesia has not been yet integrated. The implementation of mangrove management in both the Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve and the Angke Kapuk Nature Recreation Park has faced several obstacles, such as limited budget, infrastructure, and facilities as well as lack of personnel and coordination, boundary issues, limited engagement from the local community, and human activities."

"ABSTRAK Ekosistem perairan dan daratan di sepanjang jalur pantai utara Pulau Jawa membentuk ekosistem mangrove menjadi ekosistem yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati yang saling berinteraksi, salah satunya di Desa Pantai Bahagia yang berada di Kecamatan Muara Gembong Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat. Pada kenyataannya, dari tahun 1999 hingga 2014, hutan mangrove di desa ini terus mengalami degradasi karena faktor antropogenik, yakni konversi lahan mangrove menjadi tambak oleh masyarakat pesisir yang menyebabkan penggerusan pantai terus terjadi di kawasan ini, karena tidak adanya penghalang ombak, sehingga intrusi air laut menjadi tinggi dan terjadi banjir rob yang menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi warga yang sebagian besar memiliki mata pencarian sebagai petani tambak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi mangrove di Desa Pantai Bahagia dikategorikan rusak parah dan kondisi biodiversitas yang rendah, sehingga urgensi untuk melakukan rehabilitasi tergolong tinggi. Hingga tahun 2018 sudah mulai muncul partisipasi masyarakat dalam merehabilitasi hutan mangrove, namun masih tergolong rendah dan belum dapat menandingi laju kerusakannya. Karenanya, dilakukan studi pada 30 masyarakat Desa Pantai Bahagia yang memiliki kepedulian dan tingkat partisipasi mengelola mangrove yang tinggi untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat secara keseluruhan, serta menyusun strategi peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam merehabilitasi mangrove Desa Pantai Bahagia.

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ABSTRACT Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems along the northern coastline of Java Island form a mangrove ecosystem into an ecosystem rich in interacting biodiversity, one of which is in Pantai Bahagia Village in Muara Gembong District, Bekasi Regency, West Java. In fact, from 1999 to 2014, mangrove forests in this village continued to experience degradation due to anthropogenic factors, namely the conversion of mangrove land into ponds by coastal communities which caused coastal erosion to continue to occur in this region, due to the absence of wave barriers, so that seawater intrusion became high and there was a tidal flood which caused huge losses for residents who mostly had livelihoods as pond farmers. The results of this study indicate that the mangrove conditions in Pantai Bahagia Village are categorized as severely damaged and have low biodiversity conditions, so the urgency to carry out rehabilitation is classified as high. Until 2018 community participation has begun to emerge in rehabilitating mangrove forests, but is still relatively low and has not been able to match the rate of damage. Therefore, a study was conducted on 30 Pantai Bahagia villagers who have a high level of care and participation in managing mangroves to analyze factors that can increase overall community participation, and develop strategies to increase community participation in rehabilitating mangrove Pantai Bahagia Village.

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"ABSTRAKSeiring berjalannya waktu hutan mangrove dapat megalami perubahan luas yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya ahli fungsi lahan menjadi tambak dan permukiman serta perubahan garis pantai juga dapat mengubah luas hutan mangrove. Pamurbaya merupakan kawasan lindung alam berupa vegetasi mangrove yang perlu di perhatikan dan dipertahankan. Penelitan ini mengenai perubahan luas hutan mangrove selama kurun waktu 13 tahun dari tahun 2004 hingga tahun 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perubahan yang terjadi pada hutan mangrove di Pantai Timur Surabaya Pamurbaya sepanjang tahun 2004 - 2017 dan mengetahui faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 8 OLI dan Landsat 7 ETM. Metode yang digunakan yaitu mengoverlay vegetasi mangrove, tambak, permukiman dan garis pantai disetiap tahun penelitian. Karakteristik mangrove di Pamurbaya memiliki perbedaan warna substrat dan jenis vegetasi disetiap keadaan lingkungan yang berbeda. Tingkat kerapatan sedang mendominas pada tahun 2004-2009 sedangkan tingkat kerapatan sangat rapat mendominasi pada tahun 2017. Selama tahun 2004-2017 terjadi perubahan lahan mangrove menjadi lahan tambak dan lahan tambak berubah menjadi lahan permukiman. Faktor terjadinya perubahan hutan mangrove yaitu perubahan alih fungsi lahan mangrove menjadi tambak. Perubahan lahan tambak menjadi mangrove mengalami puncak perubahan pada tahun 2007-2009 sebesar 200,86 Ha atau 66 , namun pada tahun 2009 ndash; 2017 perubahan tambak menjadi lahan mangrove meningkat seluas 275,71 Ha atau 73.

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ABSTRACTMangrove areas over time can be experienced by extensive changes caused by several factors, such as land use experts into ponds and settlements and coastline changes can also change the area of mangroves. Pamurbaya is a natural protected area of mangrove vegetation that needs to be noticed and maintained. This research is about the change of mangrove area during 13 year period from 2004 until 2017. The purpose of this research is to know the changes that occurred in mangrove area in East Coast Surabaya Pamurbaya during 2004 2017 and to know the factors that caused the change of area mangroves. This study uses Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 7 ETM satellite images. The method used is covering mangrove vegetation, ponds, settlements and coastline in every year of research. The characteristics of mangroves in Pamurbaya have different substrate colors and vegetation types in different environmental circumstances. The density level was dominating in 2004-2009 while the density level was dominantly dominated by 2017. During 2004-2017 there was a change of mangrove land into pond land and pond area turned into a settlement land. Factor of change of mangrove area that is change of change of function of mangrove land into pond. The change of pond area to mangrove has peak of change in 2007-2009 by 200,86 Ha or 66, but in 2009-2017 the change of pond into mangrove land increased 275,71 Ha or 73."

"Litter production is one of the major nutrient enrichments in a mangrove forest. Investigation on nutrient components in litter will lead to evaluation of nutrient accumulation. Therefore, this research aimed to 1) evaluate litter production in tropical mangrove forest at Klong Khone, Samut Songkhram province, Thailand; 2) investigate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in litter; and, 3) observe sediment quality and existing mangrove condition in the study area. Litter and sediment were collected at Klong Khone, Samut Songkhram province in September-October 2015. Litter samples were analyzed for biomass production, and composition of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Sediment samples were analyzed for pH, salinity, water content, grain size composition, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Results showed that leaf, branch, and fruit litter production were 65.02, 47.94 and 19.03 g DW/m2/month, respectively. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content in the litter were 20.36, 0.37 and 4.47 mg/g DW leaf litter, respectively. The value of pH, salinity and water content of sediment ranged from 6.66-7.50, 3.30-9.28 ppt and 52.24-69.65%, respectively. Sediment was composed of fine sand (0.125-1 mm) 7.68%, silt (0.06-0.125 mm) 6.13%, and clay (smaller than 0.06 mm) 86.19%. By using statistical analysis (t-test), results showed no difference of all parameters between months. However, during the research, it was found that organic carbon decreased 2.37 mg C/g DW sediment; meanwhile nitrogen and phosphorus increased 0.44 mg N and 0.12 mg P /g DW sediment, respectively. Finally, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation by litterfall were found to be 1877, 34 and 734 mg/m2/month, respectively. These results will help in clarifying nutrient dynamic pathway by mangrove trees which play an important role in coastal and estuarine ecosystem restoration."

"Pelaksanaan pengembangan ekowisata mangrove tidak sesuai dengan konsep ekowisata yaitu konservasi dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah belum adanya pelaksanaan pengembangan ekowisata karena pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Wonorejo (HMW) yang belum maksimal terutama akibat dari pemahaman pengelola Ekowisata Mangrove Wonorejo (EMW) yang belum diaplikasikan dalam pengelolaan ekowisata untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis vegetasi mangrove di HMW, menganalisis pemahaman pengelola EMW, menganalisis pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan menganalisis pelaksanaan pengembangan ekowisata di EWM. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kategori pohon INP tertinggi pada jenis Avicennia marina (251,22%), hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Avicennia marina adalah jenis mangrove yang paling dominan. Pemahaman pengelola EMW mengenai pengelolaan mangrove (96%), konsep ekowisata (86,67%), dan pelaksanaan ekowisata (83,33%). Masyarakat belum memiliki kemampuan untuk mengambil keputusan dan melaksanakan keputusan untuk mencapai tujuan kesejahteraan masyarakat, dan evaluasi pelaksanaan pengembangan ekowisata di EMW dilakukan melalui prinsip-prinsip ekowisata hanya tercapai satu indikator (11,11%) dan delapan indikator tidak tercapai.

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Implementation of mangrove ecotourism development which is not suitable with ecotourism concept namely conservation and improvement of people's well-being. The research problems is the lack management of Mangrove forest Wonorejo it caused by manager?s understanding Mangrove Wonorejo Ecotourism (EMW) which has not been applied in the management of the EMW activities for community development.

The purpose of this study is to analyze mangrove vegetation in Wonorejo mangrove forest, to analyze understanding EMW manager, analyze community empowerment, and analyze the implementation of ecotourism development in EWM. The results showed the highest IVI species in tree category is Avicennia marina (251.22%), indicating that Avicennia marina is the most dominant mangrove species. EMW managers understanding about mangrove management (96%), the concept of ecotourism (86.67%), and the implementation of eco-tourism (83.33%). People did not have the ability to make decisions and applied that decisions to achieve the goal of public well-being and evaluation of the ecotourism implementation development using the principles of ecotourism only 1 indicators (11.11%) were achieved, while 8 other indicators have not been achieved."

"ABSTRACTMangrove merupakan vegetasi yang hidup di daerah pesisir dan berhubungan langsung dengan keadaan dan kondisi perairan laut. Umumnya, tumbuh di daerah tepi pantai, muara, dan sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami sebaran mangrove berdasarkan kondisi fisik perairan dan melihat luasan mangrove, serta mengaitkannya dengan kondisi hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini menggunakan Landsat 8 dengan software ArcMap 10.1 untuk mengindetifikasi sebaran mangrove dan metode yang digunakan adalah Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) untuk melihat kerapatan vegetasi mangrove. Kondisi fisik perairan yang digunakan antara lain: salinitas, suhu permukaan air laut, pH air, substrat tanah, dan pasang surut, sedangkan kondisi hutan mangrove yang diteliti antara lain: kerapatan, ketebalan, dan spesies mangrove. Sehingga dengan demikian, penelitian ini dapat mengaitkan kondisi fisik perairan dan kondisi hutan mangrove dengan sebarannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hutan mangrove Bojongsalawe memiliki suhu permukaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hutan mangrove di Batukaras dan Nusawiru karena populasi mangrove yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kedua hutan mangrove lainnya, namun hutan mangrove Bojongsalawe dan Nusawiru memiliki pH yang lebih tinggi dengan nilai kisaran antara 6,6-6,9 dibandingkan dengan hutan mangrove Batukaras yang memiliki nilai kisaran antara 6,3-6,6. Hal ini dikarenakan hutan mangrove Bojongsalawe dan hutan mangrove Nusawiru berada di muara yang mengalir menuju Sungai Cijulang dan anak sungai Cialit.

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ABSTRACTMangrove is a vegetation that live in the coastal region and directly related to the circumstances and condition of the waters of the sea. Generally, growing in coastal areas, estuaries, and rivers. This research aims to understand the distribution of mangroves on the basis of the physical condition of waters and view the mangrove area, as well as associated it with the conditions of the mangrove forests. This research uses Landsat 8 with ArcMap software 10.1 for mangrove and distribution mengindetifikasi method used is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to see mangrove vegetation density. The physical condition of waters which are used, among others: salinity, surface temperature of sea water, the pH of the water, the soil substrate, and ups and downs, while the condition of the mangrove forests that are examined include: density, thickness, and mangrove species. This study can relate the physical condition of the waters and the condition of the mangrove forest to its distribution. The results of this study indicate that Bojongsalawe mangrove forest has a higher surface temperature compared to mangrove forests in Batukaras and Nusawiru because the mangrove population is less than the other two mangrove forests, but the mangrove forests of Bojongsalawe and Nusawiru have a higher pH with a range between 6,6-6,9 compared to Batukaras mangrove forest which has a range between 6.3-6.6. This is because the mangrove forests of Bojongsalawe and Nusawiru mangrove forests are in the estuary which flows towards the Cijulang River and the Cialit tributary."