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"ABSTRAKFokus utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan bank syariah dan bank konvensional di Indonesia pada model bisnis, efisiensi, stabillitas, dan profitabilitas. Model bisnis diukur dengan menggunakan analisa uji Mann-Whitney melalui 3 tiga indikator, yaitu Fee Based Income Ratio, Non Deposit Funding Ratio, dan Loans Deposit Ratio. Efisiensi diukur dengan menggunakan analisa uji Mann-Whitney melalui 2 dua indikator, yaitu Operating Cost Ratio dan Cost Income Ratio. Stabilitas diukur dengan menggunakan analisa uji Mann-Whitney melalui indikator Z-Score. Dan profitabilitas diukur dengan menggunakan analisa uji Mann-Whitney melalui 2 dua indikator, yaitu return on asset ROA dan return on equity ROE , serta analisa regresi data panel dengan metode pengolahan fixed effect melalui 1 satu indikator, yaitu pengaruh tingkat persaingan terhadap profitabilitas, yang diukur masing-masing menggunakan ROA dan ROE, dimana tingkat persaingan diukur dengan menggunakan lerner index.Dengan menggunakan data pada 69 bank konvensional dan 10 bank syariah di Indonesia selama periode kuartal ketiga tahun 2010 s.d. kuartal kedua tahun 2014, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, model bisnis bank syariah dan bank konvensional berbeda, dimana bank konvensional lebih baik daripada bank syariah. Kedua, efisiensi bank syariah dan bank konvensional berbeda, dimana bank syariah lebih baik daripada bank konvensional. Ketiga, stabilitas berbeda, dimana bank konvensional lebih stabil daripada bank syariah. Dan keempat, profitabilitas berbeda, dimana dengan menggunakan analisa uji Mann-Whitney ditemukan bahwa bank konvensional memiliki profitabilitas yang lebih tinggi daripada bank syariah, namun dengan menggunakan pengaruh tingkat persaingan terhadap profitabilitas ditemukan bahwa tingkat persaingan berpengaruh lebih besar untuk meningkatkan profitabilitas pada bank syariah daripada bank konvensional.Kata Kunci: disparitas, model bisnis bank, efisiensi bank, stabilitas bank, profitabilitas bank, tingkat persaingan bank

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ABSTRACTThe main focus of this thesis is to study disparities between syariah banks and conventional banks in Indonesia by business model, efficiency, stability, and profitability. The business model is measured using Mann Whitney test analysis by 3 three indicator, which is fee based income ratio, non deposit funding ratio, and loans deposit ratio. The efficiency is measured using Mann Whitney test analysis by 2 two indicator, which is operating cost ratio and cost income ratio. The stability is measured using Mann Whitney test analysis by 1 one indicator, which is Z Score. And profitability is measured using Mann Whitney test analysis by 2 two indicator, which is return on asset ROA and return on equity ROE , and using panel data fixed effect method by 1 one indicator, which is the impact of competition on the profitability, which is measured by ROA and ROE, and competition is measured by lerner index.By using data 69 conventional banks and 10 syariah banks in Indonesia, started from the 3rd quarter of 2010 until the 2nd quarter of 2014, the research shows that first, business model syariah and conventional banks is different, where conventional banks is better than syariah banks. Second, efficiency syariah and conventional banks is different, where syariah bank is better than conventional bank. Third, stability syariah and conventional banks isn rsquo t different. And fourth, profitability is different, where by using Mann Whitney test analysis, the research shows that conventional banks have higher profitability than syariah banks, but by using impact of competitive condition on the profitability, the research shows that competition will have a greater effect to improve profitability in syariah banks than conventional banks.Key words disparity, bank business model, bank efficiency, bank stability, bank profitability, bank competition"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membandingkan bank konvensional dan bank syariah di Indonesiadengan menggunakan regresi logistik. Data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 107bank umum konvensional dan 11 bank umum syariah Indonesia selama periode2011-2014. Rasio FBI dan LDR digunakan sebagai indikator model bisnis. RasioCIR dan OC digunakan sebagai indikator efisiensi. Rasio LLP dan NPL digunakansebagai indikator kualitas aset. Rasio ROA, ETA, dan nilai ZSCORE digunakansebagai indikator stabilitas. Hasilnya adalah bank konvensional dan bank syariah diIndonesia berbeda dilihat dari indikator model bisnis, efisiensi, kualitas aset, danstabilitas. Bank konvensional lebih efisien dan memiliki tingkat profitabilitas yanglebih tinggi dibandingkan bank syariah, namun bank syariah memiliki kualitas asetyang lebih baik dan juga lebih stabil.

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ABSTRACTThis study compares conventional and Islamic banks in Indonesia by using logisticregression. The data in this study consist of 107 conventional commercial banksand 11 islamic commercial banks in Indonesia during period of 2011-2014. FBI andLDR ratio are used as indicator of business model. CIR and OC ratio are used asindicator of efficiency. LLP and NPL ratio are used as indicator of asset quality.ROA, EAR, and ZSCORE score are used as indicator of stability. The results areconventional and Islamic can be distinguished by business model, efficiency, assetquality, and stability indicators. Conventional banks are more efficient and moreprofitable than Islamic banks, but Islamic banks have better asset quality and morestable."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan profitabilitas, efisiensi, likuiditas dan risiko antara bank syariah yang berbasis profit-loss-sharing dan bank konvensional yang berbasis bunga di Indonesia dengan menggunakan 18 rasio keuangan. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test digunakan untuk menguji distribusi normalitas data. Pengujian hipotesis untuk data normal menggunakan uji t yang mencakup Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Profit Margin (PM), dan Retained Earning to Asset (RETA), sedangkan untuk data yang tidak normal yaitu Return on Deposit (ROD), Net Opertating Margin (NOM), Operating Expense to Asset (OEA), Operating Income to Asset (OIA), Operating Expense to Revenue (OER), Asset Turn Over (ATO), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Net Non-Interest Margin (NNIM), Cash to Asset (CTA), Cash to Deposit (CTD), Deposit to Asset (DTA), Equity Multiplier (EM), Equity to Deposit (ETD) dan Total Liabilities to Asset (TLE), digunakan uji Mann Whitney. Penelitian menggunakan 17 data bank syariah dan 52 data bank konvensional dari tahun 2008 sampai dengan tahun 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk profitabilitas bank konvensional lebih baik dibandingkan bank syariah, sedangkan efisiensi, likuiditas dan risiko antara bank syariah dan bank konvensional relatif sama.

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The purpose of this study is to compare profitability, efficiency, liquidity, and risk between profit-loss-sharing-based Islamic bank and interest-based bank in Indonesia using 18 financial ratios. Kolmogorov-mimov test was used to examine the normal distribution. T-test was used to test normal data that consist of Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Profit Margin (PM), and Retained Earning to Asset (RETA), while Mann Whitney test was used to test abnormal data such as Return on Deposit (ROD), Net Operating Margin (NOM), Operating Expense to Asset (OEA), Operating Income to Asset (OIA), Operating Expense to Revenue (OER), Asset Turn Over (ATO), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Net Non-Interest Margin (NNIM), Cash to Asset (CTA), Cash to Deposit (CTD), Deposit to Asset (DTA), Equity Multiplier (EM), Equity to Deposit (ETD) as well as Total Liabilities to Asset (TLE). This study used 17 Islamic banks data and 52 conventional banks data from 2008 to 2011. The results show that conventional banks? profitability is better than Islamic bank, whereas efficiency, liquidity, and risk are relatively equal."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kelompok bank syariah dan konvensional di Indonesia yang terdaftar dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia apabila dilihat dari sisi model bisnis, kualitas aset, efisiensi, dan stabilitas, untuk periode 2008-2012. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penilaian model bisnis adalah FIR, NDF, LDR. Sedangkan untuk faktor efisiensi adalah OH Cost dan CIR. Di sisi lain, kualitas aset dinilai dari LLR, LLP, dan NPL. Sementara stabilitas ditinjau dari sisi ROA, EAR, dan MM. Uji yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil olah data secara umum menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam hal model bisnis, efisiensi, kualitas aset, dan stabilitas di antara kedua jenis bank dalam sampel di tahun 2008 hingga 2012.

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This study aims to compare business model efficiency asset quality and stability of Islamic and conventional banks which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2008 until 2012 The variables used for business model were FIR NDF LDR whereas efficiency were OH Cost and CIR As for the asset quality the proxy used were LLR LLP and NPL Lastly ROA EAR and MM were used for representing stability The statistics tests used were descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney test The results showed that there were no significant differences in business model efficiency asset quality and stability from 2008 until 2012"

"Pengukuran efisiensi perbankan syariah dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan mengestimasi fungsi biaya perbankan. Secara teoritis, dengan mengestimasi fungsi biaya, dapat diukur biaya minimum yang dibutuhkan untuk memproduksi suatu tingkat output tertentu dengan menggunakan tingkat harga input tertentu. Fungsi biaya yang diestimasi secara ekonometris ini merupakan cost frontier.Skor efisiensi suatu bank pada waktu tertentu dihitung dengan dua pendekatan yaitu Stochastic Frontier Approach dan Distribution Free Approach. Error term dari estimasi fungsi biaya suatu bank dibandingkan dengan error term dari estimasi fungsi biaya bank yang paling efisien dalam sampel. Hasil perhitungan efisiensi biaya menunjukkan bahwa skor efisiensi perbankan syariah di Indonesia antara tahun 2001 sampai dengan tahun 2004 berkisar antara 50% sampai 90%. Berdasarkan analisis alokasi input, terlihat bahwa bagi hasil merupakan komponen biaya yang paling berpengaruh terhadap struktur biaya perbankan syariah. Berdasarkan jenis bank, skor efisiensi rata-rata Bank Umuin Syariah lebih tinggi dari pada skor efisiensi rata-rata Unit Usaha Syariah. Estimasi fungsi biaya dapat diturunkan untuk menganalisis Economies of Scale dan Economies of Scope. Secara rata-rata bank syariah telah mencapai kondisi Economies of Scale dan positive Economies of Scope. Perbandingan efisiensi perbankan syariah dengan efisiensi bank konvensional menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi bank syariah tidak berbeda nyata dengan efisiensi beberapa bank konvensional yang menjadi referensi.

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The measurement of efficiency in sharia banks in this thesis is obtained by estimating the banks' cost function. Theoretically, by estimating a cost function, the minimum cost required to produce a certain level of output at a certain level of input prices can be measured. This econometrically estimated cost function forms the cost frontier.

The score of efficiency in a bank at a certain time is calculated using two approaches: the Stochastic Frontier Approach and the Distribution Fee Approach. The two approaches compare the error term in a bank and that in the most efficient bank in the sample. The calculation of cost efficiency shows that the scores of efficiency in Shari'a banks in Indonesia during the period from 2001 through 2004 range in mean value between 50% and 90%. Based on the input allocation analysis, it is found that the profit sharing component contributes the greatest proportion of the cost structure in Shari'a banks. Based on the type status of the banks, the average score of efficiency in Shari'a banks is higher than that in Shari'a units of conventional banks. The estimated cost function can be used to analyze the economies of scale and the economies of scope. On average, Shari'a banks have achieved the economies of scale and economies of scope. Finally, a comparison between the efficiency in sharia banks and that in conventional banks shows that the efficiency in Shari'a banks is not significantly different from that in conventional banks."

"Pengungkapan risiko dan tata kelola perusahaan memiliki peran yang penting baik bagi industriperbankan, investor, maupun stabilitas keuangan dalam jangka panjang. Selain itu, adanyaambiguitas hubungan antara pengungkapan dengan stabilitas bank syariah serta hubungan antara disclosure dengan profitabilitas bank menjadikan topik disclosure dan tata kelola perusahaan penting untuk diteliti. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengujian hipotesis yang diharapkan dapat menjelaskan hubungan antara mandatory disclosure dan voluntary disclosureterhadap profitabilitas bank yang diproksikan dengan ROA (Return to Asset) serta hubungan antara mandatory disclosure dan voluntary disclosure terhadap stabilitas bank yang diproksikan dengan Z-score. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square), RE (Random Effect), dan FE (Fixed Effect) untuk keempat model, dengan sampel 12 bank umum syariah (BUS) di Indonesia periode 2013-2018. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari laporan keuangan bank syariah, sementara indeks disclosure yang digunakan untuk mandatory disclosure adalah SEOJK dan indeks voluntary disclosure yang bersumber dari IFSB (Islamic Financial Service Board). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan secara signifikan dan positif antara pengungkapan risiko baik yang bersifat wajib dan sukarela terhadap stabilitas dan profitabilitas perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi pengungkapanrisiko yang dilakukan oleh bank syariah, maka semakin tinggi stabilitas dan profitabilitas bank syariah. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa pentingnya bagi bank syariah untuk meningkatkan pengungkapan yang bersifat wajib atau mandatory, serta memperluas pengungkapan yang bersifat sukarela atau voluntary.

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Risk Disclosure and corporate governance have an important role for banks, investors, and long-term financial stability. In addition, there is an ambiguity in the relationship between disclosure and stability of Islamic banks as well as the relationship between disclosure and bank profitability, which makes this topic is necessary ti be examined. In accordance, this study aims to explain the relationship between mandatory disclosure and voluntary disclosure of the profitability of banks measured by ROA (Return to Asset) as well as the relationship between mandatory disclosure and voluntary disclosure of bank stability proxied by Z-scores. This study employs metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square), RE (Random Effect), dan FE (Fixed Effect) methods for all four models, with a sample of 12 Islamic commercial banks (BUS) in Indonesia for period of 2013-2018, and the sources of mandatory disclosure index comes from SEOJK while the voluntary disclosure index that is sourced from IFSB (Islamic Financial Service Board).The results of the first and second model both show that there is a significant and positive relationship between mandatory and voluntary disclosure on stability and mandatory disclosure on profitability. When banks increase their disclosure, Islamic banks will have higher stability and profitability. Based on the result from this study, it is important for Islamic banks to increase mandatory or mandatory disclosures and expand voluntary disclosures."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perbedaan profitabilitas dan kualitas aset antara bank umum syariah dengan bank umum konvensional di Indonesia pada periode 2010-2012. Selain itu juga disertakan beberapa variabel kontrol untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel kontrol tersebut terhadap profitabilitas maupun kualitas aset bank di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bank umum syariah memiliki profitabilitas dan kualitas aset lebih rendah dibandingkan bank umum konvensional. Variabel kontrol equity to total asset, BOPO, loan loss provision, deposit growth, serta size berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank. Variabel kontrol lagged return on equity, size, dan loan to total asset berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas aset bank, sedangkan variabel equity to total asset dan lagged BOPO tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas aset bank.

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The aim of this research is to analyze the difference of profitability and asset quality between Islamic bank and conventional bank in Indonesia for the period of 2010-2012. Moreover this study also included some control variables to find out its effect to bank profitability and asset quality in Indonesia. This research uses panel data regression.

The results of this research indicate that Islamic bank has less profitability and asset quality than conventional bank. Control variables equity to total asset, BOPO, loan loss provision, deposit growth, and size have a significant effect on bank profitability. Control variables lagged return on equity, size, and lagged loan to total asset have significant effect bank asset quality, while variable equity to total asset and lagged BOPO have no significant effect on bank asset quality."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor pandemi COVID-19 terhadap profitabilitas bank syariah dan bank konvensional di Asia, serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor mikroekonomi dan makroekomomi terhadap profitabilitas bank syariah dan bank konvensional di wilayah Asia, dan perbedaan antara bank syariah dan konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 160 bank konvensional dan 52 bank syariah di 11 negara Asia pada periode tahun 2010-2021. Metode penelitian dalam studi ini adalah regresi Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dengan metode estimasi yang digunakan adalah Random Effect Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pandemi COVID-19 memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan negatif terhadap profitabilitas bank konvensional dan bank syariah di Asia; (2) Faktor mikroekonomi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank konvensional dan profitabilitas bank syariah di Asia; (3) Faktor makroekonomi inflasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank konvensional dan bank syariah di Asia, sedangkan faktor makroekonomi GDP tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank konvensional dan bank syariah di Asia; (4) Struktur bank berbentuk bank syariah tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap profitabilitas bank di Asia.

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This study aims to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the profitability of Islamic banks and conventional banks in Asia, as well as to determine the effect of microeconomic factors and macroeconomic factors on the profitability of Islamic banks and conventional banks in the Asian region, as well as the difference performance between Islamic and conventional banks. This study used a sample of 160 conventional banks and 52 Islamic banks in 11 Asian countries in the 2010-2021 period. The research method in this study is Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with the Random Effect Model estimation. The results show that: (1) The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant and negative effect on the profitability of conventional banks and Islamic banks in Asia; (2) Microeconomic factors have a significant influence on the profitability of both conventional and Islamic banks in Asia; (3) The macroeconomic factor of inflation has a significant effect on the profitability of conventional and Islamic banks in Asia, while the macroeconomic factor of GDP does not have a significant effect on the profitability of conventional and Islamic banks in Asia; (4) The structure of a bank in the form of an Islamic bank does not have a significant effect on the profitability of banks in Asia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh struktur pasar terhadap profitabilitas dan stabilitas perbankan Syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia dalam menghadapi ASEAN Banking Integration Framework ABIF 2020. Penelitian ini mencakup 12 Bank Syariah dari Indonesia dan 16 Bank Syariah dari Malaysia, dari tahun 2009 hingga 2015. Hubungan konsentrasi terhadap profitabilitas dijelaskan melalui hipotesis Structure-Conduct-Performance SCP dan hipotesis Relative Market Power RMP . Hipotesis RMP terbukti di Malaysia, sedangkan di Indonesia tidak mendukung kedua hipotesis tersebut. Selain itu baik pada bank Syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia mendukung hipotesis Concentration-Stability.

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This study aimed for analyzing the influence of market structure on Islamic bank profitability and stability in Indonesia and Malaysia related to ASEAN Banking Integration plan in 2020. The sample are 12 Indonesia Islamic Bank and 16 Malaysia Islamic bank from 2009 2015. The relationship between concentration with profit has two hypotheses, sctructure conduct performance SCP hypothesis and relative market power RMP hypothesis. Islamic Bank in Malaysia confirm the existence of RMP hypoyhesis, but there is ambiguous result toward SCP and RMP hypothesis in Indonesia Islamic Bank. Meanwhile concentration stability confirmed both in Indonesia and Malaysia."

"Dalam beberapa tahun pasca krisis keuangan global tahun 2008, topik stabilitas bank menjadi agenda utama peneliti dan regulator baik di tingkat nasional dan internasional. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi stabilitas bank yaitu struktur pasar, kecukupan modal yang diatur oleh regulator, dan faktor risiko sistemik yang tidak bisa dikontrol oleh pihak bank dan regulator. Selain membahas stabilitas bank, penelitian ini juga membahas mengenai volatilitas profit bank. Seluruh faktor yang mempengaruhi stabilitas bank dan volatilitas profit bank ini akan diaplikasikan pada bank syariah dan bank konvensional. Bank syariah menjadi salah satu sistem alternatif perbankan yang dianggap mampu bertahan di saat krisis. Secara deskriptif, bank syariah lebih stabil dan memiliki volatilitas profit yang lebih rendah, namun bank syariah tidak memberi pengaruh berbeda pada stabilitas bank dan volatilitas profit bank. Hasil empiris penelitian ini yaitu bank syariah memiliki market power yang lebih rendah dibandingkan bank konvensional, tingkat kompetisi bank yang diukur melalui Lerner Index, dan faktor risiko sistemik mempengaruhi stabilitas bank maupun volatilitas profit bank, sedangkan kecukupan modal hanya memberikan pengaruh pada volatilitas profit bank.

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In the recent years following the global financial crisis 2008, determinants of bank stability have become the important topics for researchers and bank regulators, both nationally and internationally. Some factors affecting bank stability are competition, capital requirement set by the regulator, and sources of systemic risk that can not be controlled by the bank and regulator. In addition, this study also discusses earnings volatility. All factors that affect bank stability and earnings volatility will be applied to sharia and conventional bank. Sharia bank became an alternative banking system that is considered able to survive in the crisis. Based on the descriptive data, sharia banks are more stable and have lower earnings volatility. However, sharia banks do not give different effect on bank stability and earnings volatility. Empirical findings in this study are sharia banks have lower market power than conventional banks; both competitiveness as measured by Lerner Index, and sources of systemic risk affect bank stability and earnings volatility, while capital requirement only affects earnings volatility."