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"After more than six decades, the growth oriented development strategy has failed to develop peoples essentialwell being, social equality and better quality of socio cultural life. United Nations called it: jobless, ruthless,rootless, voiceless, and futureless growth (UNDP, 1997). Recently, several new development approaches hasbeen introduced, such as People Centered Development, MDGs, Human Development, but those approaches areproposing more for the enhancement of some social sectors, rather than being oriented into developing a goodsociety. Herewith, in this article a more sociological conceptualization of social development is introduced byemphasizing that developing human being has to be done through developing the basic elements of social life,namely structure, culture and process of the society. The purpose of this paper is to propose and discuss the newand the more sociological concept of social development. An action research has been conducted to exploresome empirical evidence of social development practices implemented in Surakarta city as an illustration."

"ABSTRAKStudi ini meneliti dampak modal sosial seseorang terhadap beragam kesehatan dengan menggunakan ldquo;the Indonesian Family Life Survey rdquo; IFLS4 dan IFLS5 . Beberapa studi terdahulu telah meneliti hubungan antara modal sosial tipe ldquo;bridging rdquo; dan hasil kesehatan. Studi ini menganalisa apakah kepercayaan secara umum, modal sosial jenis rdquo;bridging rdquo; percaya terhadap banyak etnis suku dan percaya pada banyak agama , dan isolasi sosial mempunyai dampak terhadap berbagai macam kesehatan. Hasil estimasi untuk model efek tetap tidak menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan terhadap variabel kesehatan, kecuali isolasi sosial, yang mempunyak efek positif terhadap kesehatan yang dirasakan sendiri. Lebih lanjut lagi, hasil estimasi terhadap model efek tidak tetap probit menunjukkan bahwa percaya pada semua orang memiliki pengaruh positif namun sedikit terhadap kesehatan yang dinilai sendiri, sedangkan percaya terhadap semua etnis suku memiliki hubungan yang negatif. Sementara itu, percaya terhadap banyak agama tidak berdampak apapun terhadap hasil kesehatan. Terakhir, isolasi sosial memiliki efek negatif terhadap berbagai macam kesehatan yang dinilai sendiri dan kesehatan mental.

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ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effects of individual social capital on various health outcomes using the Indonesian Family Life Survey IFLS4 and IFLS5 . Few studies have covered the relationship between bridging social capital and health outcomes. This paper analyzes whether generalized trust, bridging social capital trust in many ethnic groups, trust in many religious beliefs , and social isolation have effects on various health outcomes. The estimated results for fixed effects models do not show any significance in all health outcome variables, except social isolation, which has positive effect on self perceived health. Moreover, the estimated results for random effect probit models show that generalized trust has a weak positive impact on self rated health, while trust in many ethnic groups has negative association. Meanwhile, trust in many religions does not have an effect on different health outcomes. In addition, social isolation has negative effects on almost various self rated health and mental health outcomes."

"Peningkatan emisi CO2 yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim yang membuat dunia Internasional dan Indonesia berkomitmen untuk menurunkan emisi CO2. Sektor pembangkit listrik adalah sektor terbesar yang menghasilkan emisi CO2 sehingga perlu adanya pengurangan emisi CO2 di sektor pembangkit listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan apabila dilakukan investasi di beberapa sektor ketenagalistrikan yang dihasilkan dari energi terbarukan. Dengan menggunakan data SNSE, analisis dari penelitian ini dilakukan dengan subsitusi dari energi fosil menuju energi terbarukan dan komparasi energi terbarukan mana yang paling menguntungkan secara sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Dampak ekonomi dari substitusi investasi dari energi fosil ke energi terbarukan ini adalah negatif dengan mengukur nilai Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) secara keseluruhan. Namun secara sosial yang menggunakan indikator distribusi pendapatan dan tenaga kerja, investasi ini memiliki dampak positif. Sedangkan dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan sangat signifikan dalam menurunkan emisi CO2. Untuk studi komparasi, secara ekonomi dan lingkungan, investasi paling menguntungkan apabila dilakukan investasi di PLTP (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi). Sedangkan secara sosial, lebih menguntungkan di PLTA (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air) dan PLTD (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel).

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Increasing of CO2 emissions that cause climate change had made the international and Indonesia agreed to reduce CO2 emissions. The power generation sector is the largest sector that produces CO2 emissions. There is a need to reduce CO2 emissions in the power generation. This study aims to look at the social, economic, and environmental impacts of investments in several power generation from renewable energy. Using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) data, the analysis of this study was carried out with the substitution of fossil energy towards renewable energy and the comparison of which is the most beneficial socially, economically, and environmentally renewable energy in the power generation. The economic impact of investment substitution from fossil fuels to renewable energy is negative by measuring overall GDP. However, by using social indicators which calculate labor increasing and income distribution, this investment has a positive impact. On the other hand, it also reduce CO2 emission significantly. For comparative studies, the most beneficial economically and environmentally, is to invest in geothermal power plant. Meanwhile, it’s more profitable socially to invest in hydro and diesel power generation."

"Pandemi COVID-19 telah mengganggu banyak aspek kehidupan global. Tidak hanya memengaruhi perekonomian, penganggulangan pandemic untuk memperlambat laju penyebaran virus juga memberikan dampak bagi kondisi mental masyarakat. Studi ini ditujukan untuk melihat hubungan tingkat kebijakan pembatasan sosial, kehilangan pekerjaan, dan kehilangan pendapatan selama pandemic terhadap kesehatan mental individu. Penelitian ini menggunakan data nasional yang dikumpulan oleh CISDI melalui telepon survei. Sejumlah 1031 observasi, terdiri dari individu umur 15-65 tahun yang berpartisipasi di Angkatan kerja dan bekerja sebelum pandemi, digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan 5 indikator negative mental health impact, dari keseluruhan sampel, 42,93% merasa lebih takut, 47.72% merasa lebih cemas, 18,33% merasa lebih tidak berdaya, 39.67% mengalami peningkatan stress kerja, dan 46,36% mengalami peningkatan stress keuangan. Hasil dari regresi logistik biner yang dilakukan meunjukkan bahwa kehilangan pekerjaan dan kehilanagn pendapatan berkaitan dengan dampak kesehatan mental yang buruk. Sedangkan pembatasan sosial tidak berasosiasi secara kuat dengan dampak kesehatan mental yang buruk. Hasil ini berimplikasi bahwa efek ekonomi terbukti dirasakan oleh responden penelitian ini, tetapi efek isolasi sulit dibuktikan di sini. Keberadaan efek isolasi dapat dijelaskan dengan variabel lain, yaitu status bekerja dari rumah dan penurunan frekuensi bertemu langsung dengan teman/kolega/saudara.

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The pandemic of COVID-19 has interrupted many aspects of life globally. Not only affecting the economy, the containment measures to slow down the spread of the virus has also impacting people’s mental well-being. This study aimed to assess the relation of social restriction policy level, job loss, and income loss during the COVID-19 pandemic to individual mental health. A national representative data collected by CISDI through a phone survey was used in this study. A total of 1031 observations aged 15-65 who participated in the labour force and worked prior to the pandemic were included in the study. Based on five negative mental health impact indicators, of all the sample, 42.39% felt more horrified, 47.72% felt more apprehensive, 18.33% felt more helpless, 39.67% increased stress from work, and 46.36% increased financial stress. The results from our binary logistic regression showed that job loss and income loss were attributed to negative mental health impacts. Meanwhile, the social restriction was not significantly associated with it. The findings imply that economic effect was evident in our sample, yet the isolation effect due to social restriction was barely proven here. Besides, the existence of isolation effects could be explained by WFH status and decreased meeting frequency with friends/colleagues/family.

"

"Sejak Tahun 2015 Pemerintah Indonesia menargetkan kebijakan pemberian akses legalterhadap pengelolaaan hutan negara seluas 12,7 hektar melalui program perhutanan sosial(Hutsos) untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar hutan dan mencegahdeforestasi. Tulisan ini menelusuri desa-desa penerima Hutsos dan membandingkannyadengan desa-desa yang memiliki hutan yang tidak menerima Hutsos di tiga pulauSumatera, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi di Indonesia. Dengan pendekatan mixed method,penelitian ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan apakah dengan memberikan akses legalkepada masyarakat yang dikelola oleh lembaga ekonomi lokal dalam program perhutanansosial dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan usaha di desa dan menekan laju deforestasi.Analisis secara empiris mengunakan metode Instrumental variable dan untukmemperdalam faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi outcome tersebut dilakukan in-depthinterview dengan stakeholder. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Hutsosbelum berdampak signifikan kepada pertumbuhan jumlah usaha dan deforestasi.Penyebab belum berdampaknya program Hutsos terhadap pertumbuhan usaha di desakarena lahan yang terbatas akibat restriksi peraturan pasca penetapan hutan sosial,kapasitas wirausaha sumber daya pengelola hutan, belum terintegrasi program hutansosial dengan program desa dan rendahnya modal dan pemanfaatan teknologi pengolahanhasil hutan. Sementara, Hutsos belum berdampak pada deforestasi karena rendahnyakualitas perencanaan pengelolaan hutan dan intervensi kebijakan terkait penanamanhutan di lahan kritis yang belum optimal.

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Since 2015 the Government of Indonesia has targeted a policy of providing legal access

to the management of state forests covering an area of 12.7 hectares through the social

forestry program (SFP) to improve the welfare of forest communities and prevent

deforestation. This paper traces village SFP beneficiaries and compares them to villages

that have forests that did not receive SFP on the three islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan

and Sulawesi in Indonesia. With a mixed method approach, this study seeks to answer the

question whether providing legal access to communities managed by local economic

institutions in SFP can increase business growth in villages and reduce the rate of

deforestation. The empirical analysis used the Instrumental variable method and in-depth

interviews were conducted to deepen the factors that affect the outcome. The findings of

this study indicate that the existence of SFPs has not had a significant impact on the

growth in the number of businesses and deforestation in both protected and production

forests zone. The reason why the SFP has not yet had an impact on business growth in

villages is due to limited land due to restrictions on post-determination of social forests,

the entrepreneurial capacity of forest managers, not yet integrated SFP with village

programs and low capital and utilization of forest product processing technology.

Meanwhile, SFP has not yet had an impact on deforestation because of the low quality of

forest management planning and policy interventions related to forest planting in critical

land that has not yet optimal."

"Pandemi COVID-19 telah mengganggu banyak aspek kehidupan global. Tidak hanya memengaruhi perekonomian, penganggulangan pandemic untuk memperlambat laju penyebaran virus juga memberikan dampak bagi kondisi mental masyarakat. Studi ini ditujukan untuk melihat hubungan tingkat kebijakan pembatasan sosial, kehilangan pekerjaan, dan kehilangan pendapatan selama pandemic terhadap kesehatan mental individu. Penelitian ini menggunakan data nasional yang dikumpulan oleh CISDI melalui telepon survei. Sejumlah 1031 observasi, terdiri dari individu umur 15-65 tahun yang berpartisipasi di Angkatan kerja dan bekerja sebelum pandemi, digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan 5 indikator negative mental health impact, dari keseluruhan sampel, 42,93% merasa lebih takut, 47.72% merasa lebih cemas, 18,33% merasa lebih tidak berdaya, 39.67% mengalami peningkatan stress kerja, dan 46,36% mengalami peningkatan stress keuangan. Hasil dari regresi logistik biner yang dilakukan meunjukkan bahwa kehilangan pekerjaan dan kehilanagn pendapatan berkaitan dengan dampak kesehatan mental yang buruk. Sedangkan pembatasan sosial tidak berasosiasi secara kuat dengan dampak kesehatan mental yang buruk. Hasil ini berimplikasi bahwa efek ekonomi terbukti dirasakan oleh responden penelitian ini, tetapi efek isolasi sulit dibuktikan di sini. Keberadaan efek isolasi dapat dijelaskan dengan variabel lain, yaitu status bekerja dari rumah dan penurunan frekuensi bertemu langsung dengan teman/kolega/saudara.

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The pandemic of COVID-19 has interrupted many aspects of life globally. Not only affecting the economy, the containment measures to slow down the spread of the virus has also impacting people’s mental well-being. This study aimed to assess the relation of social restriction policy level, job loss, and income loss during the COVID-19 pandemic to individual mental health. A national representative data collected by CISDI through a phone survey was used in this study. A total of 1031 observations aged 15-65 who participated in the labour force and worked prior to the pandemic were included in the study. Based on five negative mental health impact indicators, of all the sample, 42.39% felt more horrified, 47.72% felt more apprehensive, 18.33% felt more helpless, 39.67% increased stress from work, and 46.36% increased financial stress. The results from our binary logistic regression showed that job loss and income loss were attributed to negative mental health impacts. Meanwhile, the social restriction was not significantly associated with it. The findings imply that economic effect was evident in our sample, yet the isolation effect due to social restriction was barely proven here. Besides, the existence of isolation effects could be explained by WFH status and decreased meeting frequency with friends/colleagues/family."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan empiris antara infrastruktur dan kesenjangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data panel dari 32 propinsi dalam periode 2007-2013, analisis regresi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berusaha memperkirakan apakah infrastruktur memiliki pengaruh positif atau negatif terhadap kesenjangan pendapatan.Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, penelitian ini menggunakan model ekonometri sederhana dan indikator kesenjangan pendapatan konvensional, yaitu koefisien Gini. Selanjutnya model ekonometri diestimasi dengan metode pooled OLS, fixed-effect dan random-effect. Untuk mengatasi masalah endogeneity, kami menggunakan indikator kuantitas dan kualitas infrastruktur dengan lag 1 tahun.Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kuantitas jalan dan telekomunikasi cenderung meningkatkan kesenjangan pendapatan, sementara itu kuantitas listrik, kuantitas bandara, dan kualitas bandara menunjukkan pengaruh yang sebaliknya yaitu mengurangi kesenjangan pendapatan. Akan tetapi, ketika beberapa indikator infrastruktur ini dihitung sebagai indeks, maka hubungan antara indeks infrastruktur dengan kesenjangan pendapatan adalah positif yang artinya infrastruktur memperlebar kesenjangan pendapatan.

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This research is an attempt to study the empirical relationship between infrastructure and income inequality in Indonesia. It uses regression analysis with panel data set covering 32 provinces in the period of 2007 ndash 2013 in order to estimate whether the infrastructure has positive or negative effects on income inequality. To achieve this goal, we develop a simple econometric model and use a conventional income inequality measure. This includes the regressors infrastructures quantity and quality indicators, in addition to standard controls. The model is estimated by simple pooled OLS, fixed effect and random effect models. To overcome the endogeneity problem, infrastructures quantity and quality indicators enter the regressions with one year lag.We find that road and telecommunication quantities tend to boost income income inequality, while electricity quantity, airport quantity, and airport quality have a favorable impact on the distribution of income and help to alleviate income inequality. Whereas, when these different categories of infrastructure are formed as synthetic indices, the relation between these indices and income inequality lends support to the idea that infrastructure increases income inequality."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh keterbukaan perdagangan internasional terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia menggunakan model Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu nilai ekspor impor, Pendapatan Domestik Bruto (PDB), pendapatan per kapita, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, dan indeks gini hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek keterbukaan perdagangan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Tetapi, dalam jangka panjang keterbukaan perdagangan internasional tidak berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan. Analisis Impulse Response Function (IRF) memberikan simpulan bahwa ketimpangan ketimpangan pendapatan memberikan respons yang positif, kecuali pada tahun ketiga. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEDV), keterbukaan perdagangan tidak berkontribusi besar dalam memengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Variabel yang kontribusi terbesar dalam memengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan adalah pertumbuhan ekonomi, akan tetapi pertumbuhan ekonomi semakin memperburuk ketimpangan pendapatan dalam jangka panjang. "

"Education plays a crucial role in determining the quality of life through economic returns and subjective well-being. However, almost no previous research has examined how education affects subjective well-being indicators beyond happiness. To address this gap, this study used Ordinary Least Squares and the Ordered Probit technique to investigate the effect of education on happiness, self-acceptance, and family harmony. Using the recent microdata from Statistics Indonesia in 2021 the empirical results reveal that education positively affects happiness, self-acceptance, and family harmony. The effect of education remained statistically significant even after incorporating socioeconomic and individual characteristics such as income, gender, age, marital status, home ownership, household size, area classification, health status, and leisure time. The result of this study highlights that individuals with higher levels of education reported higher happiness, greater self-acceptance, and higher satisfaction with family harmony than those with lower levels of education. Although more than half of the magnitude of the education effect decreases after incorporating socioeconomic and individual characteristics variables, the direct effect of education remained significant on happiness, self-acceptance, and family harmony."

"ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari upah minimum terhadap anak bekerja di Indonesia, menggunakan SAKERNAS BPS tahun 2012. Beberapa penelitian anak bekerja sebelumnya mempercayai bahwa peningkatan upah minimum dapat mengurangi fenomena anak bekerja karena kesejahteraan rumah tangga meningkat. Namun secara teori, peningkatan upah yang disebabkan oleh kebijakan upah minimum dapat menyebabkan beberapa orang dewasa terkena pemutusan hubungan kerja, akibatnya rumah tangga tersebut mengirim anaknya untuk bekerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan model multinomial logit dan membagi dua tipe anak bekerja, yaitu pekerja keluarga dan pekerja di pasar kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa anak pekerja keluarga meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan upah minimum, terutama jika orang tua kehilangan pekerjaan dari sektor formal. Sedangkan dampak upah minimum terhadap anak di pasar kerja tidak ditemukan adanya signifikansi. Pada kondisi daerah, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dampak upah minimum di daerah maju, cenderung untuk mengurangi probabilitas anak bekerja lebih besar dibandingkan daerah berkembang. Penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya hubungan antara upah minimum terhadap anak bekerja rumah tangga di luar sektor formal. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa dampak upah minimum terhadap anak bekerja adalah fenomena yang kompleks.

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ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of minimum wage on child labor in Indonesia using SAKERNAS BPS 2012. Some previous studies about child labor believe that, rising minimum wage could reduce the incidence of child labor because household welfare get improve. However, theoretically if rise in wage is achieved by a minimum wage law, it can for instance cause some adult to be unemployed and send their children to work. This study use multinomial logit model and separate two types of child labor, within the household and labor market. The result suggests that child labor within the household may rise as the minimum wage is raised, especially if parents lost their jobs from formal sector, while there is no significant in child labor in labor market. In type of regional condition, the impact of minimum wage in a type of modern economic, can reduce the incidence of child labor in labor market much greater. This study also found an association between minimum wage and child labor in non-formal worker households. Overall the study argues that the impact of minimum wage on child labor is a complex phenomenon.

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